高考英语短文改错答题技巧.doc

高考英语短文改错答题技巧
　　短文改错题检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力.进而考察学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力考生英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策.关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的关键。
　　短文改错解题思路和检查原则：
　　1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词;
　　2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;
　　3.非谓语动词的用法;
　　4.名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确;
　　5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;
　　6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;
　　7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;
　　8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则：改动以最少为原则; 虚词以添加或删除为原则; 实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤：通读全文，掌握大意; 整句分析，逐行推敲
　　反复通读，复查验证。解题注意要点和能力培养：
　　1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
　　2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
　　3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
　　短文改错常见错误类型：
　　1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改为do，错误类型属于①) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②) There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was 改为were，错误类型属于③)
　　2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject改为subjects) Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
　　3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)
　　4. 冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the，the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a) I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)
　　5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)
　　6. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s) What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)
　　7. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接动名词，talk改为talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading) I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)
8. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family 为固定搭配) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment 引导从句)

倒数十天之短文改错

1假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
  Dear Peter,
     As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.
     One of the most popular words are Dianzan, which is often use when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing. When we say somebody is Renxing, you mean that they will do whatever they liked. The phrase Miaosha first came on online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping orders before other. But now it's wide used when you achieve your purpose in very short time. If you will describe somebody as a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich.
     You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning, you'll know more about our language and culture.
  All the best!  
                                                               Yours,
                                                               Li Hua
2.   
    In my village a lot of children have left school for many different reasorn． Some families are so poor to send their children to school，so their kids have to earn money to support their families．There are also many parents do not think it useless to send their children to school．They prefer to have their children do something else rather than to let them go to school．I feel worried this．I think every children should havethe opportunity to receive education．And it is necessary of Us to care about the children，because one day they will play important part in the construction of our country．So ways must be found to prevent children from leave off their sttldies．
3.   
Last Saturday I went to the library as usually. At about noon, I was enjoying my reading near a lake while suddenly I hear someone crying for help. I went up to see what was happening. I was shocking to find a little child struggling in the water in the distance while many peoples were standing by without doing anything. Without any hesitation, I had pushed through the crowd as I took off my coat, but jumped into the water quickly. I managed to reach him and carried him back to safety. To his great relief, the kid saved.
  I was proud with what I had done. I hope everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need.
4.  
Last Tuesday, the Students' Union in our school advised that Senior Three students shall do something specially for their parents on their 18th birthdays. All the students are active in responding it and most of them have come up with their ideas. Some choose to write a letter saying it's best way to express their appreciations as well as love for their parents. Others will prefer to cook a big meal to show that they've already grown up.
As for me, I want to do up hair and wash feet for my parents. By doing which my parents have been doing for me I can really know how much they've devoted to bring me up. Being 18 years old mean that we should learn to be independent and that we should be responsible for us.
5.    I often go to a weekend school. So did many of my classmates. This seems popular among students. Good weekend schools have excellent teachers which help us improve our studies. Besides, we get to know students from another schools and learn about their campus of life.
So every coin has two sides. Our school work is already a heavy burden. Extra lesson often take up too much of our time. In addition, pay lots of attention to the extra lessons will affect their school subjects. We may also find ourselves very tired on Mondays to concentrate on the lessons in our own school. We should think seriously about this issue and make best use of our time.
6.   
     My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
     One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
     That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!

7.   
Dear Angela,
I am so happy to learn you are coming to study in our school and stay at my home.
My home is at No.58, Mingzu Street. A five-minutes walk from my home along Mingzu Street will lead you to a crossroads, when Mingzu Street meets Baohu Road. On the corner of the crossroads lie a shopping mall, where you can get everything you needed. Walking for about 300 meter along Baohu Road, you’ll see our school on right. There we will spend most of the daytime. In the end of Mingzu Street stands the new railway station, and that it’s easy for you to reach. As a bus stop is just next to my home, Bus No.23 will direct take you there.
I can’t wait to seeing you in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
8.   
It was quiet sunny afternoon. I was sitting in the garden, read the Sunday newspaper and expecting a couple of hour of peace. Then I hear a loud knock on the door. I saw about twelve ladies wearing her Sunday clothes. They said, “Well, we hope we are not late, so it is not easy to find your house.” One lady said, “Well, your husband is very kind to inviting us to tea.” I thought, “My God, my husband must have been mad.” I asked for them into the house and they sat down and started talking happy. But when my husband appeared, it was quickly discovered that they should have gone to the house on the another side of the street.
9.   
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
     One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
     That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
10.   
This morning I went to the shoes shop to buy a pair of new shoes. When I got there, I noticed a foreign lady talk to a salesgirl. But the salesgirl didn't understand that the foreigner was saying. They both looked worrying. I went up to help them. The lady is Australian. She wanted to buy a pair of traveling shoes. So I told it to the salesgirl. The lady was very much glad when she took it. She sings high praise for my spoken English. All of them expressed their thanks to me. I felt happy that I expressed myself free in English.
11.   
    I often dream of being a teacher. I dream of standing in the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. I teach them, play with them, watch them growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach good. Besides, you have to make friends with your pupils and take good care of him. Though I am a student now, but I will work very hard to make my dream comes true.
12.   
    I saw an accident happen on my way to home this afternoon . A girl as well as her classmates were crossing the street on a zebra crossing after a young man drove a motorbike towards her . The young man saw the girl and tried to stop , and he drove too fast to stop . He hit the girl and fell off his motorbike . The girl was bad hurt and couldn’t move . The young man didn’t know how to do .I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed . Soon the police arrive . They sent her the hospital at once .One of the policeman talked to the young man and wrote something down while he was talking .I think it is danger to drive very fast .
13.   
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
14.   
Something was happened while I was ill. While I was hugging me with pain, my two beautiful dogs lay right beside me. They were squeezed in the sofa so tight that I could hardly move. They were my comfort. While I was in my own little world of sickness, the weather outside becomes warm. People were cutting away the dead brown branch, ready new blooms. I walked outside and to my astonished, my hedge was blooming, due to which my illness seemed to take a turn for the better.
Today, I feel so thankful to my health. Maybe sometimes we really need to feel painful, so that we can appreciate the time where we feel good. That is so easy not to care too much how other people feel or what they are going through.
15.   
Dear Diary,
Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week? Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.” His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school or just everything else I love in the world. To make things bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. Tomorrow is first day of school. I am awfully tiring, but I know I’ll never fall sleep.
　　Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir(纪念品) from my past life and my only friend.
Yours,
Rosemary
16.   
    Once, when l was a teenager, my father and l were standing in line to buy tickets
for the circus. Finally, there was only one family among us and the ticket counter.
    This family made deep impression on me. There were eight children, both probably under the age of twelve. You could tell they didn't have a lot of money.  Their clothes was not expensive, and they were clean. The children were well- behaved, all of us standing in line, two-by-two behind their parents, held hands.  They were excitedly talking about the clowns, elephants and another performances where that they would see that night. Everyone could sense they have never been to the circus before.
17.   
I’m glad to hear the news what you’ll come to Hangzhou for a visit. You know, Hangzhou is the beautiful city on the east coast of China. It is said that Marco Polo, a well-known Italy traveler once visits Hangzhou, and was struck by its beautifully scenery. Hangzhou is one of the oldest city with a long history. It was the capital of several dyn asties. As a result, it has a lot famous temples and old towers. The West Lake, with green hills on three sides or many beautiful parks around, attracts a large number of visitors at home and at abroad. I think you’ll have a good time during your stay in Hangzhou. I’m looking forward to see you here soon.
18.   

Dear David,
I have recently felt guilty, stay sleepless at night. You may