争分夺秒15天 1.冠词.doc

争分夺秒15天 1.冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指
A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。
3.表示 “每一”相当于every，one
We study eight hours a day.
4.表示“相同”相当于the same
We are nearly of an age.
5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事
—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）
6.用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后
This room is rather a big one.
8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西
a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识
10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。
In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。

1.表示某一类人或物
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4.用于演奏乐器
play the violin, play the guitar
5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)
11.用于表示度量单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词
He patted me on the shoulder.
13.与比较级和最高级连用
①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越……”
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。
Who is the older of the tow boys?
③三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前
Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制
I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前
Lincoln was made President of America.
5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前
He likes playing football/chess.
6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8.表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.

冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：
1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as, how, however, so, too等。
如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。
2.不定冠词置于such, what, many, not, too,much of等之后。
如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。
3.定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。
如：I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.
4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。
如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。
It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 It was a quite/rather cold day.)
5.当名词前的比较级被no，all，far，much等修饰时，也要后置。
如：He is no less a man than the President.
6.定冠词要放在half, twice, much等之后。
如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。
7.如果名词被副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能做的事。

冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

①How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call.
A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】 答案为D。take a short break“休息一会儿”， make a call“打一个电话”。
②Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together.
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the
【解析】 答案为D。a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”；the whole family为特指。

①I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.
A. the; a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填
【解析】 答案为B。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”；the books指“所丢的书”。
②I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
【解析】 答案为C。 the color指“你衬衫的颜色”；a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。

①George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.
A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a
【解析】 答案为C。a Sunday泛指某一个星期天；at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。
②Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.
A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a
【解析】 答案为A。a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”；make room为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。

①Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.
A.a;不填 B.the; a C.the; the D.不填; a
【解析】答案为A。分析句子可知，第一个空用“a”表示“一种”，某些不可数的抽象名词前用不定冠词表示某种具体的情况或概念。第二个空不用冠词，make room意为“腾出空间（时间）”为固定短语。
②—How about _____Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was _____success.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

①We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.
A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填
【解析】答案为B。 by sea意为“经海路”；by the sea意为“在海边”；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常要加定冠词。
②George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because
everybody was at church.
A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a
【解析】答案为C。不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示“做礼拜”，
at the church表示“在教堂”。故本题选C。
类似的词组：
by day在白天 by the day按天计算
in case of以防 in the case of就……来说
in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由……负责
in office执政 in the office在办公室
in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在……看来
go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去
out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能
take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告
be of age成年 be of all age同龄
go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂
in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱
特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]

2009年
1.（安徽卷）We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
【答案】A
【解析】因为sky和world原本是独一无二的，但这里前面都有了形容词修饰,表示会出现一个什么样
的sky和world,这里就属于泛指了。
2.（北京卷）The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
【答案】B
【解析】第一空用the+名词表示类别，是指blue whale 这一类动物；第二空用a表示泛指。
3.（江西卷）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.
A.不填; the B. the; 不填 C. an; the D. the; a
【答案】A
【解析】air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather这里是特指全球的气候，故用定冠词。
4.（海南卷）Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a
【答案】B
【解析】go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。
5.（陕西卷）What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
【答案】C
【解析】第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that…，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表
特指用定冠词the。
6.（四川卷）In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the
【答案】B
【解析】该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。
7.I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan. （浙江卷）
A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
【答案】D
【解析】前空泛指一种大体的想法，后空指双双都知道的那个project。
8.（重庆卷）Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.
A. a; the         B. 不填; a C. 不填; the         D. the; a
【答案】B
【解析】第一空为不可数名词，并且表示泛指所以不用冠词；第二空是指海尔变成了一个很受欢迎的名字表示泛指用a。
9.（全国卷II）What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the
【答案】D
【解析】第一空为泛指，第二空后面有定语the ABC of… …的基础知识=the basic knowledge of oil painting。
10.(辽宁卷)This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.
A 不填; a B a ; the C the ; the D the ; a
【答案】C
【解析】第一空最大的降水量，为形容词的最高级用the；第二空五月这个月表特指用the。
2010年
1.(北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make
__ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
【答案】C
【解析】本题强调的重点是：再有一次机会a second chance给别人留下第一印象，make a first impression,
first为干扰因素。第二空还是表示泛指。句意：最初的印象最深刻。毕竟，你不可能再有机会给
别人留下第一次印象的。若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second
chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。
2.(福建卷)It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them
pleasure.
A.不填，a B. a,不填 C. the ,a D. a, the
【答案】B
【解析】good feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词。句意为“人们喜欢上海世博
会给他们带来的快乐，这是(一)种不错的感觉”a good feeling：一种不错的感觉；give sb. pleasure
给某人快乐。
3.(江苏卷)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the
【答案】A
【解析】第一空，来自社会各阶层的人不是特指,不用冠词；第二空,在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此，应加冠词a，表示一个全新的江苏。
4.(辽宁卷)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D a; the
【答案】B
【解析】第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二的事物，其前必须用
定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。
5.(山东卷)If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A.不填; the B.不填; a C. the; a D. the; the
【答案】C
【解析】表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视
野开阔，视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。句意：“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有
更好的视野。”
6.(四川卷)In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a
【答案】D
【解析】most countries此处表泛指，most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为“一个高起点的开始”，故用a ,正确答案为D。
7.(浙江卷)Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up__
weakening of the human body.]
A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. a; the D. 不填; 不填
【答案】B
【解析】对……有害用短语“do harm to”表示，中间不需要用冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形表示抽象的名词表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。
8.(重庆卷)Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a B. the, 不填 C. the, 不填 D. a, 不填
【答案】D
【解析】price意思是“代价”，为可数名词，第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词，故选D项。
2011年
1.（新课标卷）It is generally accepted that _______boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________man.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意：人们普遍认为男孩必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。两个空都表示泛指，因此
都填不定冠词a。
2.（大纲卷）As he reached ________front door, Jack saw _______strange sight.
A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填；a D. the; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，[a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。
3.（山东卷）Take your time—it’s just _______ short distance from here to _______ restaurant.
A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a
【答案】B
【解析】句意：别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短
语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。选B。
4.（江西卷）—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ______ year.
—Right, he will also get paid by ________week.
A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a
【答案】B
【解析】前一句句意为：据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作，表时间单位每年，冠词用a，后一句说没错，他也将会以每周支付的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。
5.（浙江卷）Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso.
A. the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picasso意为a Picasso’s painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。
6.（四川卷）Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
A. 不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A
【答案】A
【解析】句意：彼得·斯宾塞博士——这所学校的校长——告诉我们，“这里五分之一的学生会到牛津和剑桥继续深造。” 头衔、职位前通常不用冠词，所以第一空不用冠词；a fifth表示“五分之一”，故答案为A。
7.（陕西卷）As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
A. the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。第一个定冠词the用在表示国
家的名词前；第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。
8.（重庆卷）In communication, a smile is usually________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.
A. the, 不填 B. a, an C. a, 不填 D. the, an
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在交流中，微笑通常是友好和态度开明的一种明显标志。第一空a strong sign of 一个……的标志，a此处表泛指；friendly和 open 共同修饰attitude，而attitude不可数，不需要冠词；故选C。

1.The report said that a bus went out of control on highway south of the city are rushed into a river.
A. the; the B.不填; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; 不填
【答案】D
【解析】go out of control是固定短语，意思是失去控制; south of…中的south是方位副词，前面不需要使用冠词。当south用作名词时通常与介词一起使用，如in the south of…。
2.Because ____ unemployment is very high at present, it's not easy for a fresh graduate to find ____ satisfying job
as he wishes.
A. the; 不填 B.不填; a C. an; a D. an; the
【答案】B
【解析】unemployment是抽象名词，前面不用冠词。job是可数名词，用不定冠词泛指“一个令人满意的工作”。
3.一My flight was delayed because of________ heavy rain.
—But you are just in______________ time for the discussion.
A. the; a    B. a; the    C.不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
【答案】D
【解析】引起我的航班延误应该是特指的一场大雨，所以第一空要用定冠词来限定，in time及时，准时，固定短语。
4.I don’t think the experiment is ______ failure. At least we have gained ______ experience for future success.
A.不填; the B. a; the C. a ; 不填 D.不填; 不填
【答案】C
【解析】failure表示失败的概念为抽象名词，前面不可用不定冠词。表示失败的人或事情就成了可数名词，前面用不定冠词。experience作经历讲为可数名词，作为经验讲为不可数名词。
5.By ________ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about _________world bigger than
life itself.
A. a; the B. the; the C.不填; a D. the; 不填
6.Jack had ________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in ________school magazine.
A. the; a B. a; the C