2012年高考英语-要点梳理+重点突破-Unit1-Women-of-achievement-新人教版必修4.doc

必修4　
Unit 1　Women of achievement

要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就；功绩
2．welfare n．福利；福利事业
3．project n．项目；工程；规划
4．institute n．学会；学院；协会
5．connection n．连接；关系；亲戚→connect vt.连接
6．campaign n．运动；战役；活动 vi.作战；参加运动

7．organization n．组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织
8．behave vt. & vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性
9．shade n．荫；阴凉处 vt.遮住光线
10．worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的
11．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→observation n．观察，观测→observer n．观察者

12．respect vt. & n．尊敬；尊重；敬意→respectable adj.体面的，值得尊敬的→respectful adj.恭敬的→respected adj.受尊敬的
13．argue vi. & vt.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争辩；争吵，论点，争论
14．entertainment n．款待；娱乐；娱乐表演→entertain v．宴客，款待某人
15．inspire vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人或事物→inspired adj.受感动的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的

16．support n. & vt.支持；拥护
17．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．打算
18．deliver vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery n．发表，递送

●重点短语
1．move off　离开；起程；出发
2．lead a．..life 过着……的生活
3．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；
涌入脑海
4．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到
5．look down on/upon 蔑视；瞧不起
6．by chance/accident 碰巧；凑巧
7．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见

8．carry on 继续；坚持
9．human beings 人类
10．be put to death 被处死
11．devote all one’s life to 献身于
12．second to 次于
13．catch one’s eye 吸引某人的目光
14．can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
15．be intended for 专为……而设计，专供……用

●重点句型
1．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使得她得以开始自己的计划。
2．Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想到在那个时候对于一个女性来说得到医学培训多么困难。

3．Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干和决心以及温和的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。

●高考范文
(2009·天津卷)
假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华。学生会将举办每年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为The English Novel I Like Best。作为组织者，你将在演讲比赛开幕时发言，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。

1.说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯等；
2. 说明比赛的注意事项，如每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确等；
3. 预祝比赛圆满成功。
注意：
1. 词数：不少于100词；
2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to this year's English speech competition. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thank you!

[范文]
Good_afternoon,_ladies_and_gentlemen，
Welcome_to_this_year's_English_speech_competition. As an annual activity, which is popular with students, the purpose of the English speech competition is to help us improve our ability of communicating in English. In addition, it can also help to develop the good habit of reading. I'm sure we can make progress in our listening, speaking, reading and writing through the competition.

The topic of the speech for this year is The English Novel I Like Best. Anyone who will take part in the competition can choose any novel you consider the best. Then you can introduce it to the others. In the speech you should also explain the resason why you like the novel best in fluent English within five minutes. Remember that correct pronunciation is required in the competition too.
We sincerely hope the competition will be a success.
Thank_you!

考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现
behaviour n．行为；表现

behave oneself 守规矩
behave well/badly (towards sb.)
(对……)态度/举止好/恶劣

well－behaved adj. 表现好的
badly－behaved adj. 表现差的
be on one‘s best behaviour 举止规矩

[即学即练1](1)________ yourself! 放规矩点！
(2)The child ___________ ___________ at school.
这孩子在校行为良好(不佳)。
(3)He ___________ ______ a gentleman.
他表现得像个绅士。
(4)Their ____________ __________ me shows that they don't like me.
他们对我的态度表明他们不喜欢我。

Behave
behaved
well(badly)
behaved
like
behaviour
towards

2．observe vt.&vi. 观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论
observation n. 观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见
observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事
observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制
observe Christmas (National Day)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)
be under observation 受严密监视
escape one‘s observation 避开某人的注意

[即学即练2]写出下列observe的意思。
(1)Everyone should observe the traffic rules.
____________________________________________________(2)Some people observe Christmas here.
____________________________________________________ (3)The police observed the man entering the bank.
____________________________________________________
(4)She observed that he‘d left but made no comment.
____________________________________________________　
遵守
庆祝
观察
评论

3．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的
respectable adj. 可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的
have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重……
in this respect 在这方面
in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面

in respect of 关于……；就……而言
with respect to 至于；关于；就……而言
respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事

[即学即练3](1)He ______ highly ___________ ______ everyone ______ his honesty.
他因诚实而深受大家的尊敬。
(2)They ______ ______ ________ ______ his ability.
他们十分尊重他的才能。
(3)______ ______ __________， we are very fortunate.
在这方面，我们是很幸运的。
is
respected
by
for
have
a
great
respect
for
In
this
respect

(4)His work is good ______ __________ ______ quality.
他的工作质量很好。
(5)The two groups were similar _ ______ ______ income and status.
这两组人在收入和地位方面是相似的。
in
respect
of
with
respect
to

4．argue vi. 争论；辩论　vt. 争论；说服
argument n. 争论；辩论
argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue against/for 为反对/为赞成……而辩论
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue on... 就……辩论
argue that... 辩论说……

[即学即练4](1)He ______ that the experiment could be done in another way.
他辩称这项实验可以换一种方式进行。
(2)Do what you are told to and don‘t ______ ______ me.
做要你做的事，不要与我争论。
(3)We ______ him ______ the adoption of the plan.
我们说服他采纳这项计划。
argued
argue
with
argued
into

(4)It is _____ _________ that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一，这是无可争辩的。
beyond
argument

5．support n．&vt. 支持；拥护
in support of 支持；赞成；拥护
support oneself 自立更生
support one‘s family 养家
support one’s suggestion 赞同某人的建议
support one‘s opinion 支持某人的想法

[即学即练5](1)These measures are strongly _________ ______ environmental groups.
这些措施得到了环保组织的大力支持。
(2)I cannot _______ my wife and children ______ such a small salary. 凭这么少的工资，我养活不了妻子和孩子。
(3)I promised to _________ her ______ 3 000 yuan.
我答应赞助她3 000元。
(4)When his father died, Jim was ______ ______ ____
他父亲死后，吉姆成了真正的顶梁柱。
supported
by
support
on
support
with
a
real
support

6．refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考
reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅
refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；指的是
refer to...as...把……称作/看作
in/with reference to＝in connection with 关于
without reference to 与……无关，不管

[即学即练6](1)In his speech, he didn‘t ______ ______ ______ _________ at all.
在他的演讲中，他丝毫未触及那个问题。
(2)If you have any questions, ______ ______ ______ ____________.
如果你有什么问题，请参阅指南。
(3)When I said some people are stupid I wasn’t ___________ ______ ______.
当我说很多人很愚蠢的时候，我并不是指你。
refer
to
the
problem
refer
to
the
guidebook
referring
to
you

(4)The boy used to ______ _________ ______ ______ clever.
过去人们认为这男孩很聪明。
(5)He dislikes history books that are crowded with ___________ ______ ______ ______.
他不喜欢有很多参考其他书籍的附注的历史书。
be
referred
to
as
reference
to
other
books

7．intend vt. 打算；计划
intention n. 打算；计划
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend that...从句中谓语形式：(should)＋do
intend...as...＝be intended as...打算把……当做……
intend...for...＝be intended for 为……打算或设计
had intended that/to do...
intended to have done...原本打算做……

[即学即练7](1)I've made a mistake though I ________ ______ ______.
虽然不是有意，但我犯了错。
(2)The chair ______ _________ ______ you, but she took it away.那椅子原来是要给你的，可是她拿走了。
(3)This ______ __________ ______ ______ a picture of a cat.
这幅画原本是要画猫的。
didn’t
intend
to
was
intended
for
was
intended
to
be

8．deliver v. 投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)
deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)
deliver a speech 发表演说
be delivered of a child＝give birth to a child 生孩子
deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把……移交给某人
deliver from 使摆脱

[即学即练8](1)Would you ________ my message ______ your mother?
你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？
(2)He __________ ______ ___________ ______ at the meeting.
他在会上作了重要报告。
(3)She was _____________ ______ a healthy baby.
她生下了一个健康的婴儿。
(4)Education ____________ him ______ ignorance.
教育把他从无知中解救出来。

deliver
to
delivered
an
important
report
delivered
of
delivered
from

9．look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
look about 四下环顾，四处寻找
look after 照顾；照料；目送；寻求

look for 寻找；期待
look forward to 盼望
look on 观看；面向；旁观
look over 从……上面看过去；察看
look round 掉头看；环顾，观光
look through 透过……看去；看穿；审查
look up 向上看；查阅

[即学即练9](1)You mustn't ______ ______ ______ the disabled.你决不能瞧不起残疾人。
(2)Women used to ______ ________ ______ ______.
过去妇女受歧视。
look
down
upon
be
looked
down
upon

10．come across(尤指偶然)遇到；发现；想到；越过；产生效果

[即学即练10](1)I ______ ______ him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上碰到了他。
(2)She suddenly ______ ______ an idea.
她突然有了个主意。
(3)He ______ ______ the hall into the room.
他穿过大厅走进房间。
(4)Your speech ______ ______ very well.
你的演讲十分成功。

came

across
came
across
came
across
came
across

提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet...by chance/accident, run across, run into。

11．carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)
carry onwith＋sth.
doing sth.继续做某事(相当于go on with)
carry off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)

[即学即练11](1)Carry on __________/Go on ______ ______ ______ while I’m away.
我不在的时候你要继续工作。
(2)They decided to ______ ______ in spite of the weather.
他们决定不管天气好坏都继续。
(3)It is difficult to ______ _____ ___ _____________ with a great noise around us.
在周围很吵闹的环境下进行谈话是很困难的。
working
with

your
work
carry
on
carry
on
a
conversation

(4)Jane _________ ______ all the prizes.简赢得了全部奖品。
(5)Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly ___________ ______.
决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。
(6)He has failed to ______ ______ ______ _________.
他没有履行诺言。
carried
off
carried
out
carry
out
his
promise

提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet...by chance/accident, run across, run into。

11．carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)
carry onwith＋sth.
doing sth.继续做某事(相当于go on with)
carry off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)

[即学即练11](1)Carry on ______/Go on ______ ______ ______ while I’m away.
我不在的时候你要继续工作。
(2)They decided to ______ ______ in spite of the weather.
他们决定不管天气好坏都继续。
(3)It is difficult to ______ ______ ______ _____________ with a great noise around us.
在周围很吵闹的环境下进行谈话是很困难的。
working
with
your
work
carry
on
carry
on
a
conversation

(4)Jane _________ ______ all the prizes.简赢得了全部奖品。
(5)Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly __________ ______.
决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。
(6)He has failed to ______ ______ ______ _________.
他没有履行诺言。

carried
off
carried
out
carry
out
his
promise

Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．Only_after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。

(1)only在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。
(2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。
(3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。

①Only then did I realize the importance of communication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的重要性。
②Only in this way can we improve our English.
只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。
③Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军。
④Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答这个问题。

[即境活用1]　(1)______a mobile phone can you ring ______ you want to talk with anywhere.
A．Using; whoever
B．Only on; whomever
C．Only by; whatever
D．With; anyone
答案：B

解析：考查“only＋介词短语”置于句首时，主句要倒装，以及who(m)ever, whatever和anyone的区别。由主句can you...倒装，可排除A、D两项。“用手机”应用on a mobile phone或by mobile phone，故排除C。

(2)Only by following this method ______.
A．we can study English well
B．can we be able to study English well
C．can we study English well
D．study English well can we
答案：C
解析：only引导的状语提前，句子要倒装。B项中的can不能与be able to连用。

2．Further reading made me realize that it_was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心及温和的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
强调句型：It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他部分

提示：(1)只能强调句中的主语、宾语和状语，不能用该句式强调句子谓语。
(2)如果强调两个以上的并列主语，该句式仍用 is/was，不用 are/were。
(3)强调部分为表示“人”的名词时，可用 who；其他情况则用 that。
(4)强调 not...until 句型时，要将主句中的 not一起强调。即 It is/was not until...that...
(5)Is/Was it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其一般疑问句形式。

(6)特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其特殊疑问句形式。
(7)强调句的特殊疑问句如果用于宾语从句中，该强调句式要用陈述语序。
①It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.
是我要跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
②When is it that we will have a meeting?
我们什么时候开会？

③It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.
直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。
④It was in this town that he was brought up.
他是在这个镇上被养大的。(强调句)
⑤It was this town where/in which he was brought up.
这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)

[即境活用2](1)(2008·重庆)It was not until midnight ______ they reached the campsite.
A．that　 B．when
C．while D．as
答案：A
解析：考查强调句型。强调时间状语 not until midnight。

(2)—What did she want to know, Tom?
—She wondered ______ we could complete the experiment.
A．when was it B．it was when that
C．it was when D．when it was that
答案：D
解析：考查强调句型的特殊疑问句用于宾语从句中。

易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考
1. worth/worthy/worthwhile
(1)worth只做表语，表示“值……钱，值得干……”，后跟名词或动名词，不跟不定式。worth常用well修饰，不用very。The book is well worth reading.这书值得一读。
(2)worthy 意为“值得的”，除在书面语体中用做定语外，一般用做表语。be worthy 后常接 “of＋名词/动名词(被动式)”、不定式。
The place is worthy to be visited/of being visited.
这地方值得一游。

(3)worthwhile 的常用句式为 It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth., it是形式主语，to do/doing 做真正主语，即做某事是值得的。
It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the place.
参观那地方还是很值得的。

[应用1]　用worth, worthy和worthwhile填空
(1)Her achievements are ______ of the highest praise.
她的成就值得高度的赞扬。
(2)Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is ___________ going/to go there.
杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。
(3)The problem is __________ to be considered.
这个问题值得考虑。
worthy
worthwhile
worthy

(4)The new bike is ______ 350 Yuan.
这辆新自行车值350元。
(5)He is a teacher ______ of great respect.
他是位受尊敬的老师。
(6)It is ___________ to ask him to join the club.
值得邀请他加入俱乐部。
(7)The picture is ______ taking good care of.
这幅画值得好好保存。
worth
worthy
worthwhile
worth

(8)The scheme is well ______ a try.
这个计划很值得一试。

worth

2. 强调句型
[应用2]　(1)It was ______ back home after the experiment.
A．not until midnight did he go
B．until midnight that he didn’t go
C．not until midnight that he went
D．until midnight when he didn’t go
答案：C

(2)It was in Beihai Park ______ they made a date for the first time ______ the old couple told us their love story.
A．where; that B．that; that
C．where; when D．that; when
答案：A

(3)－He was nearly drowned once.
－When was that?
－______ was in 2000 ______ he was having a holiday in Qingdao.
A．That; since B．It; when
C．That; before D．It; that
答案： D

(4)Why! I know nothing about Sanlu Milk Powder Incident. ______ you want me to say?
A．What it is that B．What is it that
C．How is it that D．How it is that
答案： B

(5)－Can you tell me ______ makes this book