Symbols in English(符号英文).doc

数学符号英文说法和发音大全！！各路出国党不妨看过来！作者： 孙鹏

Symbols
+
plus
/'plʌs/
-
minus
/'maɪnəs/
±
plus or minus
/'plʌs ɔ: 'maɪnəs/
x
multiplied by
/'mʌltɪplaɪd baɪ/
/
over; divided by
/'əʊvə/ /dɪ'vaɪdəd/
÷
divided
/dɪ'vaɪdəd/
=
equals
/'ɪ:kwəlz/
≈
approximately, similar
/ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ/ /'sɪmɪlə tʊ/
≡
equivalent to; identical
/ɪk'wɪvələnt tʊ/ /aɪ'dentɪkl tʊ/
≠
not equal to
/'nɒt 'iːkwəl tʊ/
>
greater than
/'greɪtə ðən/
<
less than
/'les ðən/
≥
greater than or equal to
/'greɪtə ðən ər 'iːkwəl tʊ/
≤
less than or equal to
/'les ðən ər' iːkwəl tʊ/
⊁
not greater than
/'nɒt 'greɪtə ðən/
⊀
not less than
/'nɒt 'les ðən/
≫
much greater than
/'mʌʧ 'greɪtə ðən/
≪
much less than
/'mʌʧ 'les ðən/
⊥
perpendicular to
/pɜːpən'dɪkjʊlə tʊ/
∣∣
parallel to
/'pærəlel tʊ/
≢
not equivalent to, not identical to
/'nɒt ɪk'wɪvələnt tʊ/ /'nɒt aɪ'dentɪkl tʊ/
≄≉
not similar to
/'nɒt 'sɪmɪlə tʊ/
²
squared
/'skweəd/
³
cubed
/'kju:bd/
4
to the fourth; to the power four
/tə ðə 'fɔːθ/ /te ðə 'pɑʊə fɔː/
n
to the n; to the nth; to the power n
/tə ðɪ en; tə dɪ enθ; tə ðə pɑʊər en/
√
root; square root
/ru:t/ /skweə ru:t/
∛
cube root
/kju:b ru:t/
∜
fourth root
/fɔːθ ruːt/
!
factorial
/fæk'tɔːrɪəl/
%
percent
/pə'sent/
∞
infinity
/ɪn'fɪnətɪ/
∝
varies as; proportional to
/'vɛərɪz/ /prə'pɔːʃənəl/
˙
dot
/dɒt/
¨
double dot
/dʌbl dɒt/
:
is to, ratio of
/reɪʃɪəʊ/
f(x) fx
f; function
/ef/ /'fʌŋkʃən/
f'(x)
f dash; derivative
/dæʃ/ /dɪ'rɪvətɪv/
f''x
f double-dash; second derivative
/'dʌbl dæʃ/ /'sekənd dɪ'rɪvətɪv/
f'''(x)
f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative
/'trɪpl dæʃ/ / trebl dæʃ/ /θɜ:d dɪ'rɪvətɪv/
f(4)
f four; fourth derivative
/fɔːθ dɪ'rɪvətɪv/
∂
partial derivative, delta
/paːʃəl dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ /deltə/
∫
integral
/'ɪntɪgrəl/
∑
sum
/sʌm/
w.r.t.
with respect to
/wɪð 'rɪspekt/
log
log
/lɒg/
log₂x
log to the base 2 of x
/lɒg tə ðə beɪs tu: əv eks/
∴
therefore
/'ðɛəfɔː/
∵
because
/bɪ'kɒz/
→
gives, leads to, approaches
/gɪvz/ /li:dz tʊ/ /əprəʊʧəz/
/
per
/pɜ:/
∈
belongs to; a member of; an element of
/bɪ'lɒŋz/ /'membə/ /'elɪmənt/
∉
does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of
/nɒt bɪ'lɒŋ/ /nɒt ə 'membə/ /nɒt ən 'elɪmənt/
⊂
contained in; a proper subset of
/kən'teɪnd ɪn/ /'prɒpə 'sʌbset/
⊆
contained in; subset
/'sʌbset/
⋂
intersection
/'ɪntəsekʃən/
⋃
union
/'juːnɪən/
∀
for all
/fə rɔ:l/
cos x
cos x; cosine x
/kɒz/
sin x
sine x
/saɪn/
tan x
tangent x
/tan/
cosec x
cosec x
/'kəʊsek/
sinh x
shine x
/'ʃaɪn/
cosh x
cosh x
/'kɒʃ/
tanh x
than x
/θæn/
|x|
mod x; modulus x
/mɒd/ /'mɒdjʊləs/
℃
degrees Centigrade
/dɪ'gri:z 'sentɪgreɪd/
℉
degrees Fahrenheit
/dɪ'gri:z 'færənhaɪt/
°K
degrees Kelvin
/dɪ'gri:z 'kelvɪn/
0°K, –273.15 °C
absolute zero
/absəlu:t zi:rəʊ/
mm
millimetre
/'mɪlɪmiːtə/
cm
centimetre
/'sentɪmiːtə/
cc, cm³
cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed
/'kjuːbɪk 'sentɪmiːtə/ /'sentɪmiːtə 'kju:bd/
m
metre
/'miːtə/
km
kilometre
/kɪ'lɒmɪtə/
mg
milligram
/'mɪlɪgræm/
g
gram
/græm/
kg
kilogram
/'kɪləgræm/
AC
A.C.
/eɪ si:/
DC
D.C.
/di: si:/

Examples
x + 1
x plus one
x -1
x minus one
x ± 1
x plus or minus one
xy
x y; x times y; x multiplied by y
(x — y)(x + y)
x minus y, x plus y
x/y
x over y; x divided by y;
x ÷ y
x divided by y
x = 5
x equals 5; x is equal to 5
x ≈ y
x is approximately equal to y
x ≡ y
x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y
x ≠ y
x is not equal to y
x > y
x is greater than y
x < y
x is less than y
x ≥ y
x is greater than or equal to y
x ≤ y
x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1
zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1
0 ≤ x ≤ 1
zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1
x²
x squared
x³
x cubed
x4
x to the fourth; x to the power four
xn
x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n
x-n
x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n
√
root x; square root x; the square root of x
∛
the cube root of x
∜
the fourth root of x

the nth root of x
(x + y)²
x plus y all squared
(x/y)²
x over y all squared
n!
n factorial; factorial n
x%
x percent
∞
infinity
x ∝ y
x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y
x ∝ 1/y
x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y
ẋ
x dot
ẍ
x double dot
f(x) fx
f of x; the function of x
f'(x)
f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x
f''x
f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x
f'''(x)
f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x
f(4)
f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
∂v
the partial derivative of v
∂v∂θ
delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ
∂²v∂θ²
delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ
dv
the derivative of v
dvdθ
d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta
d²vdθ²

d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta,
∫
integral

integral from zero to infinity
∑
sum

the sum from i equals 1 to n
w.r.t.
with respect to
logey
log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y
∴
therefore
∵
because
→
gives, approaches
Δx → 0
delta x approaches zero
limΔx→0
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
LtΔx→0
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
m/sec
metres per second
x ∈ A
x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A
x∉ A
x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A
A⊂ B
A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B
A ⊆ B
A is contained in B; A is a subset of B
A ⋂ B
A intersection B
A ⋃ B
A union B
cos x
cos x; cosine x
sin x
sine x
tan x
tangent x, tan x
cosec x

cosec x
sinh x
shine x
cosh x
cosh x
tanh x
than x
|x|
mod x; modulus x
18 ℃
eighteen degrees Centigrade
70 ℉
seventy degrees Fahrenheit

Greek alphabet
Α
α
alpha
/'ælfə/
Β
β
beta
/'bi:tə/
Γ
γ
gamma
/'gæmə/
Δ
δ
delta
/'deltə/
Ε
ε
epsilon
/'epsilən/
Ζ
ζ
zeta
/'ziːtə/
Η
η
eta
/'iːtə/
Θ
θ
theta
/'θiːtə/
Ι
ι
iota
/aɪ'əʊtə/
Κ
κ
kappa
/'kæpə/
Λ
λ
lamda
/'læmdə/
Μ
μ
mu
/'mjuː/
Ν
ν
nu
/'njuː/
Ξ
ξ
xi
/'ksaɪ/
Ο
ο
omicron
/'əʊmɪkrən/
Π
π
pi
/'paɪ/
Ρ
ρς
rho
/'rəʊ/
Σ
σ
sigma
/'sɪgmə/
Τ
τ
tau
/'tɑʊ/
Υ
υ
upsilon

/'jʊpsɪlən/
Φ
φ
phi
/'faɪ/
Χ
χ
chi
/'kaɪ/
Ψ
ψ
psi
/'psaɪ/
Ω
ω
omega
/'əʊmɪgə/
^
Roman alphabet
A
a
/'eɪ/
B
b
/'biː/
C
c
/'siː/
D
d
/'diː/
E
e
/'iː/
F
f
/'ef/
G
g
/'ʤiː/
H
h
/'eɪʧ/
I
i
/'aɪ/
J
j
/'ʤeɪ/
K
k
/'keɪ/
L
l
/'el/
M
m
/'em/
N
n
/'en/
O
o
/'əʊ/
P
p
/'piː/
Q
q
/'kjuː/
R
r
/'ɑː/
S
s
/'es/
T
t
/'ti:/
U
u
/'ju:/
V
v
/'vi:/
W
w
/'dʌbljuː/
X
x
/'eks/
Y
y
/'waɪ/
Z
z
/'zed/
^
Fractions
½
a half
/ə 'hɑ:f/
¼
a quarter
/ə 'kwɔːtə/
¾
three quarters
/θriː 'kwɔːtəz/
⅓
a third
/ə 'θɜ:d/
⅔
two thirds
/tu: 'θɜ:dz/
⅕
a fifth
/ə 'fɪfθ/
⅖
two fifths
/tu: 'fɪfθs/
⅗
three fifths
/θriː 'fɪfθs/
⅘
four fifths
/fɔː 'fɪfθs/
⅙
a sixth
/ə 'sɪksθ/
⅚
five sixths
/faɪv 'sɪksθs/
⅛
an eighth
/ən 'eɪtθ/
⅜
three eighths
/θriː 'eɪtθs/
⅝
five eighths
/faɪv 'eɪtθs/
⅞
seven eighths
/sevən 'eɪtθs/
^
Decimal Fractions
0.1
nought point one
/nɔ:t pɔɪnt wʌn/
0.01
nought point oh one
/nɔ:t pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn/
0.0001
nought point oh oh oh one
/ten pɔɪnt əʊ əʊ əʊ wʌn/
1.1
one point one
/wʌn pɔɪnt wʌn/
1.2
one point two
/wʌn pɔɪnt tu:/
1.23
one point two three
/wʌn pɔɪnt tu: θri:/
1.0123
one point oh one two three
/wʌn pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn tu: θri:/
10.01
ten point oh one
/ten pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn/
21.57
twenty-one point five seven
/'twentɪ wʌn pɔɪnt faɪv 'sevən/
2.6666666666....
two point six recurring
/tu: pɔɪnt sɪks rɪ'kɜ:rɪŋ/
2.612361236123...
two point six one two three recurring
/tu: pɔɪnt sɪks wʌn tu: θri: rɪ'kɜ:rɪŋ/
2.5 million
two point five million
/tu: pɔɪnt faɪv 'mɪljən/
^
SI Units: Prefixes
10-24
yocto
y
/'jɒktəʊ/
10-21
zepto
z
/'zeptəʊ/
10-18
atto
a
/'atəʊ/
10-15
femto
f
/'femtəʊ/
10-12
pico
p
/'pi:kəʊ/
109
nano
n
/'nanəʊ/
10-6
micro
µ
/'maɪkrəʊ/
10-3
milli
m
/'mɪlɪ/
10-2
centi
c
/'sentɪ/
10-1
deci
d
/'desɪ/
103
kilo
k
/'kɪləʊ/
106
mega
M
/'megə/
109
giga
G
/'gɪgə/
1012
tera
T
/'terə/
1015
peta
P
/'petə/
1018
exa
E
/'eksə/
1021
zetta
Z
/'zetə/
1024
yotta
Y
/'jɒtə/
1027
xona
X
/'zəʊnə/
1030
weka
W
/'wekə/
1033
vunda
V
/'vʊndə/
^
Cardinal Numbers
1
one
/wʌn/
2
two
/tu:/
3
three
/θri:/
4
four
/fɔː/
5
five
/faɪv/
6
six
/sɪks/
7
seven
/'sevən/
8
eight
/eɪt/
9
nine
/naɪn/
10
ten
/ten/
11
eleven
/ɪ'levən/
12
twelve
/twelv/
13
thirteen
/θɜ:'ti:n/
14
fourteen
/fɔː'ti:n/
15
fifteen
/fɪf'ti:n/
16
sixteen
/sɪkst'i:n/
17
seventeen
/seven'ti:n/
18
eighteen
/eɪ'ti:n/
19
nineteen
/naɪn'ti:n/
20
twenty
/'twentɪ/
21
twenty-one
/twentɪ'wʌn/
22
twenty-two
/twentɪ'tu:/
23
twenty-three
/twentɪ'θri:/
24
twenty-four
/twentɪ'fɔː/
25
twenty-five
/twentɪ'faɪv/
26
twenty-six
/twentɪ'sɪks/
27
twenty-seven
/twentɪ'sevən/
28
twenty-eight
/twentɪ'eɪt/
29
twenty-nine
/twentɪ'naɪn/
30
thirty
/'θɜ:tɪ/
40
forty
/'fɔːtɪ/
50
fifty
/'fɪftɪ/
60
sixty
/'sɪkstɪ/
70
seventy
/'sevəntɪ/
80
eighty
/'eɪtɪ/
90
ninety
/'naɪntɪ/
100
a hundred; one hundred
/ə 'hʌndrəd/ /wʌn 'hʌndrəd/
101
a hundred and one
/ə 'hʌndrəd ən wʌn/
102
a hundred and two
/ə 'hʌndrəd ən tu:/
110
a hundred and ten
/ə 'hʌndrəd ən ten/
120
a hundred and twenty
/ə 'hʌndrəd ən 'twentɪ/
200
two hundred
/tu: 'hʌndrəd/
300
three hundred
/θri: 'hʌndrəd/
400
four hundred
/fɔː 'hʌndrəd/
500
five hundred
/faɪv 'hʌndrəd/
600
six hundred
/sɪks 'hʌndrəd/
700
seven hundred
/'sevən 'hʌndrəd/
800
eight hundred
/eɪt 'hʌndrəd/
900
nine hundred
/naɪn 'hʌndrəd/
1 000
a thousand, one thousand
/ə θ'ɑʊzənd/ /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd/
1 001
a thousand and one
/ə 'θɑʊzənd ən wʌn/
1 010
a thousand and ten
/ə 'θɑʊzənd ən ten/
1 020
a thousand and twenty
/ə 'θɑʊzənd ən 'twentɪ/
1 100
one thousand, one hunded
/wʌn 'θɑʊzənd wʌn 'hʌndrəd/
1 101
one thousand, one hundred and one
/wʌn 'θɑʊzənd wʌn 'hʌndrəd ən wʌn/
1 110
one thousand, one hundred and ten
/wʌn 'θɑʊzənd wʌn 'hʌndrəd ən ten/
9 999
nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine
/naɪn 'θɑʊzənd naɪn 'hʌndrəd ən 'naɪntɪ 'naɪn/
10 000
ten thousand
/ten 'θɑʊzənd/
15 356
fifteen thousand three hundred and fifty six
/'fɪfti:n 'θɑʊzənd θri: 'hʌndrəd ən 'fɪftɪ sɪks/
100 000
a hundred thousand
/ə 'hʌndrəd 'θɑʊzənd/
1 000 000
a million
/ə 'mɪljən/
100 000 000
a hundred million
/ə 'hʌndrəd 'mɪljən/
1 000 000 000
a billion
/ə 'bɪljən/
100 000 000 000
a hundred billion
/ə 'hʌndrəd 'bɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000
a trillion
/ə 'trɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000
a quadrillion
/ə kwɒdrɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000
a quintillian
/ə kwɪn'tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
a sextillion
/ə seks'tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
a septillion
/ə sep'tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
an ocillion
/ən ɒkt'tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
a nonillion
/ə nɒn'ɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
a decillion
/ə de'sɪljən/
^
Ordinal Numbers
1st
first
/fɜ:st/
2nd
second
/'sekənd/
3rd
third
/θɜ:d/
4th
fourth
/fɔ:θ/
5th
fifth
/fɪfθ/
6th
sixth
/sɪksθ/
7th
seventh
/'sevənθ/
8th
eighth
/eɪtθ/
9th
ninth
/naɪnθ/
10th
tenth
/tenθ/
11th
eleventh
/ɪ'levənθ/
12th
twelfth
/'twelfθ/
13th
thirteenth
/θɜ:'ti:nθ/
14th
fourtheenth
/fɔː'ti:nθ/
15th
fidteenth
/fɪf'ti:nθ/
16th
sixteenth
/sɪks'ti:nθ/
17th
seventeenth
/seven'ti:nθ/
18th
eighteenth
/eɪ'ti:nθ/
19th
nineteenth
/naɪn'ti:nθ/
20th
twentieth
/'twentɪəθ/
21st
twenty-first
/twentɪ'fɜ:st/
22nd
twenty-second
/twentɪ'sekənd/
23rd
twenty-third
/twentɪ'θɜ:d/
24th
twenty-fourth
/twentɪ'fɔ:θ/
25th
twenty-fifth
/twentɪ'fɪfθ/
26th
twenty-sixth
/twentɪ'sɪksθ/
27th
twenty-seventh
/twentɪ'sevənθ/
28th
twenty-eighth
/twentɪ'eɪtθ/
29th
twenty-ninth
/twentɪ'naɪnθ/
30th
thirtieth
/'θɜːtɪəθ/
31st
thirty-first
/θɜːtɪ'fɜ:st/
40th
fortieth
/'fɔ:tɪəθ/
50th
fiftieth
/'fɪftɪəθ/
100th
hundredth
/'hʌndrədθ/
1 000th
thousandth
/'θɑʊzəndθ/
1 000 000th
millionth
/'mɪljənθ/