1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,4.1.2,特征值与特征向量计算习题,1/61,2,第三步,将每一个特征值代入对应线性方程组,,求出基础解系,即得该特征值特征向量,一、特征值与特征向量计算,第一步,计算特征多项式;,第二步,求出特征多项式全部根,即得全部,特征值;,2/61,3,解,第一步计算特征多项式,3/61,4,第三步求出全部特征向量,4/61,5,5/61,6,6/61,7,7/61,8,8/61,9,9/61,10,10/61,11,11/61,12,12/61,13,13/61,14,14/61,15,15/61,16,1
2、6/61,17,17/61,解,18/61,19,19/61,20,解,二、特征值与特征向量应用,20/61,21,方法一,21/61,22,方法二,22/61,解,23/61,24,24/61,25,25/61,26,三、矩阵相同及对角化,26/61,27,27/61,28,28/61,29,29/61,30,30/61,31,31/61,32,32/61,33,33/61,34/61,35,35/61,36,36/61,37,37/61,38,解,(1),可对角化充分条件是有个互异,特征值下面求出全部特征值,38/61,39,39/61,40/61,41,四、证实所给矩阵为正交矩阵,41/61,42,证实,42/61,43,43/61,44,将线性无关向量组化为正交单位向量组,可,以先正交化,再单位化;也可同时进行正交化与,单位化,五、将线性无关向量组化为正交单位向量组,44/61,45,解一,先正交化,再单位化,45/61,46,46/61,47,47/61,48,解,第一步求,A,特征值由,六、利用正交变换将实对称矩阵化为对角阵,48/61,49,49/61,50,50/61,51,51/61,52,52/61,53,53/61,54,54/61,55,55/61,56,56/61,57,57/61,58,58/61,59,59/61,60,60/61,61,61/61,