四川景点英文导游词.doc

。都江堰-英语导游词系列5 2010-01-31 goer 都江堰中文介绍：著名的古代水利工程都江堰，位于四川都江堰市城西，古时属都安县境而名为都安堰，宋元后称都江被誉为“独奇千古”的“镇川之宝” 。建于公元前三世纪，是中国战国时期秦国蜀郡太守李冰及其子率众修建的一座大型水利工程，是全世界至今为止，年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。多年来，至今仍发挥巨大效益，李冰治水，功在当代，利在千秋，不愧为文明世界的伟大杰作，造福人民的伟大水利工程。是全世界至今为止年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。是我国科技史上的一座丰碑。 （都江堰导游图）都江堰英文导游词：The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km north of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country. More than 2000 yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster. Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals. For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province. Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.What makes this system so good?The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parts: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river. Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood. Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam. The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth. It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal. The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river. The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals. The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream. During the dry season the fence doesnt work much, but when floods occur, the river rushes forward along the outer canal. As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed. The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal. For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence. They were filled with stones and pebbles. However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.So now, lets discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel. A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation. The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill. Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck. The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan; Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season. Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit. The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster. For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main stram. The local people benefit a lot from this project.Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him. Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang. The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing birthday. On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them. The larger-than-life painted statues of father and son overlook the rushing river below. Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel. When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper. The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popular stopping place for sightseers. There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.武侯祠-英语导游词系列4 2010-01-31 goer 武侯祠中文概况：武侯祠（Temple of Marquis）是纪念中国古代三国时期蜀汉丞相诸葛亮的祠宇。公元二三四年八月，诸葛亮因积劳成疾，病卒于北伐前线的五丈原，时年五十四岁。诸葛亮为蜀汉丞相，生前曾被封为“武乡侯”（乡侯为汉时爵位，自下而上，分别是亭侯，乡侯，县侯，关羽授封寿亭侯），死后又被蜀汉后主刘禅追谥为“忠武侯”，因此历史上尊称其祠庙为“武侯祠”。全国最早的武侯祠在陕西省汉中的勉县。勉县武侯祠乃天下第一武侯祠。勉县武侯祠建于景耀六年（公元二六三年）春。勉县武侯祠所在地乃诸葛亮当年赴汉中屯军北伐的“行辕相府”故址。目前最有影响的是成都武侯祠，成都武侯祠为首批全国重点文物保护单位（1961年），也是首批一级博物馆，每年吸引上百万游客参观游览，享有三国圣地的美誉。此外，还有陕西勉县武侯祠、有南阳武侯祠、襄樊古隆中武侯祠、重庆奉节白帝城武侯祠、云南保山武侯祠和甘肃礼县祁山武侯祠等。此外，还有建于唐代前的陕西岐山五丈原诸葛庙，建于明代的武侯宫（湖北蒲圻），建于建安时期的黄陵庙（湖北宜昌）等。浙江兰溪的诸葛镇，因诸葛亮子孙世代群居此地而得名。明万历年间始建丞相祠堂，丞相祠堂有古建筑五十二间，内设诸葛亮灵位。近些年，兰溪丞相祠堂渐负盛名，影响日盛。（导游地图）武侯祠英文导游词：China has a recorded history of some 3,600 years, beginning with the Shang Dynasty(16th12th century BC).The first stage is the primitive society. The history was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuy BC). The second major periob lasted from about 2,000 to 200 BC. The history dated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty, which constituted the first Chinese state. The third stage extended all the way from 221BC, when Qin Shihuang united China, to the Opium War of 1840. Historical docments name the third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule. The feudal society in China passed through a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period, and ending in shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581618), Western Jin(265316)via Eastern Jin(317439) and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386589).The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period. At the rnd of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25220) a gtrat peasant revolt happened. Many local officials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing the rebellion. During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyp their own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomous regional warlords. Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. The populous episodic novel,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividly depicts the turbulent social conditions at that time. The rulers of the three independent kingdoms struggled for supremacy. Cao Cao and his son established the kingdom of Wei at Loyang. He was in actual control of only the North China homeland. Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere. The kingdom of Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley, The kingdom of Shu was created with its capital in Chengdu. Ti was in the control of Sichuan and parts ojf the highland of south China.Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu. It is the place to commemorate Zhu Geliang, Prime Minister of the kingdom. Wuhou was a top official title conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death. It is unfortunate that no historical documents have recorded the time of its establishment. However, Du Fu, a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:Where would I find the Prime Ministers shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan, in a dense cypress glade.This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistence in the Tang Dynadty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and Emperor Liu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu, At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the two temples merged into one. Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty the merged tempke was destroyed during war chaos. The present buildings date from the Qing Dynasty in 1672. The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribed board. It says, Han Zhaolie Temple.Han refers to the kingdom of Shui; zhaolie was Liu Beis posthumous title. The board indicates that the whole temple was built in honor of Liu Bei. But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempke instead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliangs invaluable historical contribution, and his political and military strategies to the development of the kingdom. In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it Zhu Grliang Temple regardless of the emperors dignity and the temples original name. Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple through common practice.The temple compound consists of five mainbuildings: the Front Gate, the Second Gate, Kiu Beis Hall, Zhu Geliangs Hall and Liu Beis Tomb. The buildings are all located aling an imaginative axis line in a regular shape. Six huge stone tablets are flanked in the yard between the front and the second gates. Four of them were of the Qing Dynasty, one of the Ming and one opf the Tang. The tablets of the Qing state the storise about the reestablishment of the temple; the one of the Ming describes the development of the temple. The one of the Tang is far more famous than the other five. It was set up soon after Wu Yuanhen, a local top military commander in west Sichuan and his 27assistants worshiped Zhu Grliang in the temple in 809 during the Tang Dynasty. Pei Du,who served as a prime minister for his three Tang emperors ijn different times, composed an rssay associated with the worship. In the essay he eulogized Zhu Geliang for his great contribution to and his spare-no-efforts in unifying the whole China and the development of Sichuan, Liu Gingchuo, a well-known Tang calligrahist, copied the essay on the tablet according to the pattern of Lius handwriting. The three well-known persons joined hands to perfect the tablet, so later in people called it The Three Perfecdstion Tablet.Inside the Second Gate is Liu Beis hall. His statue stands behind the front altar, flanked by his son snd gtandson. To the right of the main shrine is a red faced image called Guan Yu; the left is General Zhang Fei, represented with a black face. Liu,Guan and Zhang are sworn brothers as prescribed in the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.There are two galleries in the yard, which contain terracotta figures of the Qing Dynasty, 28 in all, generals on the right and minisiters on the lelt. During the Three Kingdom Period the rulers of the independent kingdoms fought each other for supremacy.This period was regarded as a romantic epoch of knightly dering-do.The site is just about holy to thousands of Three Kingdom enthusiasts.The well-loved figures in the temple are the historical source from which later novels and dramas have captured the imaginations of generations of Chinese readers and audience.Behind Liu Beis hall is the second yard where Zhu Geliangs hall is located.Zhu Geliangs hallis obviously lower than Liu Beis. Visitors bave to walk down several steps before they can get into the second yard.The disparity in the construction height displays the traditional Chinese hierarchical social system.Emperor is the son of Heaven.He is superior;and other people are inferior.On the top of the entrance gate of Zhu Geliangs hall hangs a horizontal wooden board,which says,Eternal Glory All Over the World (名垂宇宙).Many ancient couplets hang inside the hall, but the most famous one is right in the middle of the hall.It says,“能攻心则反侧自消，从古知兵非好战；不审势即宽严皆误，后来治蜀要深思。”It means that try to persuade an enemy to stop his attack during a war and the war will then disappear. No soldier wants to fight since ancient times.Try not to forget to weigh the conditions and situation, ogherwise leniency and strict punishment will all fail. Those,who come to manage Sichuan,should think it over again.This couplet contains two stories. Once as Zhu Geliang was the general commander of the shu Kingdom, he was scheduled to attack the Wei Kingdom in north China.However, he was worried that the troops of the minorities might take a chance to harass the Shu Kingdom in southwest China.He came to tealize that the good relationship with the minorities was very important. So he went the southwestern area with his troops. Meng Huo( 孟获),the top leader of the minorities didnt accept Zhu Geliangs good-wish.He used his soldiers to fight against the groops from the kingdom.Zhu Geliang successfully defeated his attack and caught Meng Huo. Instead of punishing him,Zhu Geliang set him free.Then Meng Huo launched another attack and he met with the same defeat.Zhu Geliang set him a free again.On the seventh time after Meng Huo was caught,he prostrated himself before Zhu Geliang saying ghat he and his soldiers had given rp any atrelationship with the Shui Kingdoh.From then on the minority people and lf the Shui Kingdon lived in amity.The other story tells how Zhu Geliang streng-thened discipline. Once Zhu Gelian Launched another military campaign against the Wei Kingdom.In order to make the campaign successful Zhu Geliang ordered Ma Shu，his close assistant to garrison the Shu army troops in Jie Ting,a vital strategic place to fight the coming soldiers from the Wei.Ma Shu thought of himself highly and placed his troops on the top of a hill near Jie Ting.As result,the Wei army soldiers occupied the strategic place.Ma Shu and his soldiers were defeated.Zhu Geliang had to withdraw his troops back to ghe Shu Kingdom.His carefully arranged campaign thus failed.Ma Shu had a close relationship with Zhu Geliang due to his hardworking and his contribution to the development shuis army.Tears ran down Zhu Geliangs face when he ordered to execute Ma Shu for his error.The two storied displayed Zhu Geliangs flexible tactics in accordance with different occasions.More-over,Zhu Geliang used the same method to manage his government and the kingdom for the social stability and economic prosperity.The second yard,dedicated Zhu Geliang, has a bell tower on the right and a drum tower on the left of the entrance.A most unusual casting iron incense burner is in the imddle of the path, which leads to the hall.Zhu Geliangs statue,accompainied by his son on the right and his grandson on the left, stands in the middle of the hall.The statue is 2m high. Zhu Geliang is dressed in a golden overcoat with a feather fan in his hand .He looks as if he was still concerned about his kingdom and his local people .On the left side of Zhu Geliangs statue is a bronze drum,