初中语法 直接引语转换间接引语讲解 附练习题及答案.doc

直接引语与间接引语

直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。
一、 人称变化
直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。例如 He told me，＂I’ll give you a book when I meet you again.＂—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again.
二、 时态的变化
如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时，过去完成时---过去完成时，过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。等。例如 She wondered:＂When will the meeting begin＂—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。
1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如 She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun.
2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。 例如 He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942.
注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如 The teacher said to me,＂I have seen your book..＂—The teacher told me that she had seen my book.
三、连接词的选择
1、陈述句 陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略 that。主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也可用told来代替，可以说said that，said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等。例如 Danny said，＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada.
2、 疑问句 直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know等。 1)、一般疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher?＂—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher.
2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问 直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short?＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.＂You are reading,aren’t you＂he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not.
3)、特殊疑问句 当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。例如 ＂What do you want to eat?＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句 直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为 ask /tell /order sb (not) to do sth 句型。例如＂Don’t open the door.＂he said to her.—He asked her not to open the door.
4、感叹句 感叹句变为间接引语时可用 what或how引导，也可用that引导。例如 He said，＂What a lovely day it is!＂—He said what a lovely day it was.—He said that it was a lovely day.
四、语序的变化
当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语+动词的形式。例如 ＂Where are you going?＂he asked me.—He asked me where I was going.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时，语序不变。例如 He asked, “Who is your brother.” －He asked who was my brother.
五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。
now—then today—that day yesterday—the day before last might—the night before two days ago—two days before next week—the next week tomorrow—the next day the day after tomorrow—in two days’ time 或者two days after here—there this—that these—those come—go bring—take 例如 He said,＂I did my homework yesterday.＂—He said he had done his homework the day before.
六、情态动词的变化
can—could must—had to或者must will—would shall—should may—might

一、单项选择：
( ) 1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
( ) 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me ________. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
( ) 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He _____ me ________ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close
( ) 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said ________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
( ) 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy is
( ) 6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________or not
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well
( ) 7. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me ________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member
( ) 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked ________.
A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along ( ) 9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the matter is C. what’s the matter D. what was wrong
( ) 10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” →He ________ me ________ that again.
A. said to; not to do B. said to; don’t do C. told; don’t do D. told; not to do

二、直接引语转换间接引语
1. “I saw a note on my desk.” she said.
2. Mother said, “I’ll go to the park tomorrow.”
3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.”
4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.”
5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.
6. She said, “I have given up smoking.”
7. “We’ve known each other for about three years.” the young man told him.
8. “I haven’t seen her these days.” he said.
9. “Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.
10. “Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me.
11. “What did you do yesterday?” she asked me.
12. “Would you like an apple?” mother asked me.
13. “Don’t open the door.” she said to me.
14. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.
15. “Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked.
16. “Keep the door closed.” the old man said to us.
17. “Did you go there by train or by bus?” the teacher asked.
18. “They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.

三、在横线上填上合适的词
1. He exclaimed how lovely the house ___________.
2. We didn’t know ___________ she hadn’t handed in the paper.
3. The monitor ___________ the five of us to clean the floor yesterday afternoon.
4. Anderson told us ___________ his father had just returned from Shanghai.
5. She ___________ us to help the old woman in our village that day.
6. My father asked me ___________ was the matter when he came back.
7. That fellow always ___________ me clean his shoes for him.
8. Tom said that he ___________ in the army for three years.
9. — What did Alice say just now? — She said that ___________ would borrow that dictionary form Mary.
10. I wonder ___________ she can attend my party this evening.

四、 单项选择
1. Right now, the boss ordered John to hand in his design ________.
A. this afternoon B. this afternoon C. today D. that day
2. Jimmy ________ her if she had seen him there that afternoon. A. said to B. asked C. told D. ask
3. Uncle Wang ordered us to ________ his house at once. A. come out of B. come C. go out of D. go
4. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand ________ they insist on going by motor-bike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
5. Chen Qiang told Mr. Smith that the People’s Republic of China _______ in October 1,1949.
A. founded B. had been founded C. found D. was founded
6. She said to me that _______ might keep ________ book for two days.
A. she; this B. I; that C. I; this D. you; this
7. In order to choose the right one, she first asked me _______ I want to use a dictionary for.
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
8. Customers are asked to make sure that they _______ the right change before leaving the shop.
A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given
9. Linda shouted that you _______ your homework ahead of her.
A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. have finished
10. My girlfriend asked me _______ I knew it was her birthday that day or not.
A. whether B. that C. why D. what

五、 巩固练习：
1、He asked，＂Is the door open or closed.＂
He asked _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
2、She said,＂I have left my coat in your room.＂
She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.
3、She said,＂I wrote to my friends yesterday.＂
She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ _______ __
4、Mother asked me,＂When will you be back next time.＂
Mother asked me_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
5、The teacher told the students,＂The earth is round.＂
The teacher told the students_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
6、The guard said to Lenin,＂Please show me your pass.＂ The guard asked Tom_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
7、Danny said ,＂Are you leaving today or tomorrow, Ling Ming?＂
Danny asked Li Ming_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.
8、He said ,＂My sister was here two days ago, but she is not here now＂
He said _____ _____ __ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, but_____ was not there then.

参考答案：
一、单项选择
1-5 DDCDC BDCDD
二、直接引语转换间接引语参考答案
1. She said that she had seen a note on her desk. 2. Mother said that she would go to the park the next day. 3. He told me that my brother had broken it. 4. Tom said that his sister had been there three days before. 5. She told me that they had stayed there for two weeks. 6. She said that she had given up smoking. 7. The young man told him that they had known each other for about three years. 8. He said that he hadn’t seen her those days.
9. Mary said that (her) mother had given her a new book as a present the day before. 10. The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese. 11. She asked me what I had done the day before. 12. Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple. 13. She asked me not to open the door. 14. The teacher told us to go there early the next day. 15. She asked whether/if I had gone to the cinema the night before. 16. The old man told me us to keep the door closed. 17. The teacher asked whether we had gone there by train or by bus. 18. Jim said that they were playing on the playground.
三、在横线上填上合适的词
1. Was 2. why/ that 3. asked/ ordered 4. that 5. advised /asked / ordered 6. what 7.lets / has / makes 8. had been / had served 9. she 10.if / whether
四、 单项选择
1-5DBCAD 6-10BABCA
五、 巩固练习：
答案：1. if the door was open or closed 2. she had left her coat in my room
3. that she had written to her friends the day before 4 .when I would be back the next time 5. that the earth is round 6 .to show him his pass
7 .whether he was leaving that day or the next day 8. his sister had been there two days before ,she .

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