初中宾语从句讲解与练习.doc

初中宾语从句讲解与练习 一、考点扫描中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2、 宾语从句的语序；3、 宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项选择、语法选择、完形填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。 二、基本概念 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 E.g. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. The boy was interested in whatever he saw here. 那孩子对在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。 I am sure (that) he will succeed. 三、宾语从句的种类 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 四、用法详解 1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择1）由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。典型例题 1.He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.2.She doesnt know （that） she is seriously ill.3.I am sure （that） he will succeed.2）由连接代词who， whom， whose， what， which和连接副词when， where， why， how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。典型例题 1.Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for？2.He asked whose handwriting was the best.3.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is？4.I dont know why the train is late.3 ）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。典型例题 1.I want to know if （whether） he lives there.2.He asked me whether （if） I could help him. 2、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。典型例题 1.I hear （that） physics isnt easy.2.I think （that） you will like this school soon.3.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo？4.Please tell me when well have the meeting. 3、宾语从句的时态1、如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。典型例题1.I dont think (that) you are right.2.Please tell us where he is.3.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2、如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。典型例题1.He asked what time it was.2.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.3.He asked if you had written to Peter.4.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3、如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。典型例题 1.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.2.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 宾语从句连接词妙用一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。典型例题1.She said that she would leave the message on the headmasters desk. 她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。典型例题2.He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。二、 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或whether 引导，意为“是否”。典型例题1.Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag. 爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。典型例题2.I dont know whether hell come the day after tomorrow. 我不知道他后天是否会来。但在下列情况下只能用whether：1.在具有选择意义,又有or 或or not 时，尤其是直接与or not 连用时,往往用whether(if or not 也可以使用)。典型例题1.Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come ) 让我知道他是否能来。典型例题2. I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I dont know whether or not he does any washing. ) 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。典型例题3.I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 我想知道我们是去还是留。2. 在介词之后用whether 。典型例题1.Im interested in whether he likes English. 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。2.Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。3.在不定式前用whether。典型例题1.He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man. 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。典型例题2.I dont know whether to go. 我不知去否。典型例题3.He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train. 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4. whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。典型例题Whether this is true or not , I cant say. 这是否是真的我说不上来。5. 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。典型例题1.Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否能来还是个问题。典型例题2.The question is whether we can catch the bus. 问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。6. 若用if 会产生歧义时，要用whether。典型例题Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为： Please let me know whether you like the book. 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 If you like the book, please let me know. 你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。三、 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。典型例题1.Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon? 你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗？典型例题2.I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack? 我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗？宾语从句巧记歌学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。 宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（would do; was/were going to do）单项选择1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do you buy itC. where you bought it D. where did you buy it2.Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. whereB. howC. ifD. why3.Do you know _the new mobile phone last week? -Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure.A. how much she paid forB. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds .A. whatB. whenC. whyD. where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. Its about _.A. how did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terror（恐怖统治）B. what did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terrorC. how Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terrorD. what Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror6. Do you know _the girl in red is? Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. whenB. howC. whereD. what7.What did your parents thank about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what8. I want to know _.A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9. -Would you please tell me _? -At 10:00 this evening. A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave10.Could you tell me_? -Fill in this form and I will give you a card.A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet CathyC. when I can meet Cathy11. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 13. No one can be sure_ in a million years.A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like14. Sue told me that she _ shopping with her sister the next day.A. will goB. would go C. goesD. has gone15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _.A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost16. -When do you think _?-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.A. he will come B. will he come C. did he comeD. he came17. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises18. -Listen!Itisstillnoisy inthe headteachers office.-Goandsee _ they have finishedcorrectingthe papers yet.A. though B. whether C. unless D. while19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad20. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how Keys:典型例题：1【解析】选C2【解析】选B3【解析】选A4【解析】选C5【解析】选C6【解析】选D7【解析】选D8【解析】选A9【解析】选B10【解析】选A11【解析】选B 12【解析】选A。结合题意“汤姆，如果天气好的话，你知道弗兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗？”可知第一个空是宾语从句，要用一般将来时，第二个空是条件状语从句，要用一般现在时，故排除B、C、D三项，选A。13【解析】选D。从语序方面先排除B，另结合时间状语in a million years可知要用一般将来时，14【解析】选B。结合主句中的told和从句中的the next day可知要用过去将来时，故排除A、C、D三项 15【解析】选C16【解析】选A。问句是带有插入语do you think的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，先排除B、C二项；另结合答句中的will pick him up可知要用一般将来时，故舍D选A。17【解析】选D。从句中所说“太阳从东边升起”是客观事实，所以不管主句用什么时态，从句总是用一般现在时，故正确答案为D.18【解析】选B。考查whether引导的宾语从句。结合题意“去看看他们是否已改完了试卷”19【解析】选D20【解析】选B。四个选项都可以引导宾语从句，结合答语“Maybe a reporter.”可知问句是在询问人的职业，故正确答案为B。题意为“你知道那个戴眼镜的男人是做什么的吗？”。完成句子1.我经常请教音乐老师怎样才能够弹好钢琴。【2010广州中考完成句子第74题】I often ask my music teacher play the piano well.2我想知道为什么你今天上学又迟道了。I want to know_ _ _ late for school again today. 【2011广州中考完成句子第4题】3. 工人们不知道怎样使用这台新机器。The workers dont know _ _ _ the new machine. 【2011广州花都区中考一模完成句子第73题】4. 我们想知道他是否能在5天内完成这项工作。 We wondered the work in five days【2011广州白云区中考一模完成句子第74题】5. 因为天气不好，我还没决定明天去哪里。Because the weather is not very fine, I havent decided _ _ _ tomorrow. 【2011广州中考一模完成句子第72题】6. 你能告诉我昨天晚上为什么没有完成家庭作业吗？Can you tell me your homework last night? 【2011广州黄埔区中考一模完成句子第73题】7. 据说那湖里有个怪物。_ _ _ that _ is a monster in the lake. 【2011广州海珠区中考一模完成句子第74题】8. 她是一个新妈妈，她不知道怎样照顾孩子。 She is a new mother. She doesnt know _ _ _ _ of the baby. 【2011广州天河区中考一模完成句子第73题】9. 他问我是否会去北京参观。 He asked me _ _ _ _ to Beijing for a visit or not. 【2011广州从化中考一模完成句子第75题】10. 她问我是否会骑自行车。She asked me _ _ _ _ a bike. 【2011广州番禺中考一模完成句子第72题】Keys:：1. how to 2. why you were 3. how to use 4. whether he can finish 5.where to go6. why you didnt finish 7.It is said, there 8. How to take care 9. whether I would go 10. whether I can take