c#上位机串口通信助手源代码详解.doc

c#上位机串口通信助手源代码实例详解
一、 功能
1软件打开时，自动检测有效COM端口
2 软件打开时，自动复原到上次关闭时的状态
3 不必关闭串口，即可直接进行更改初始化设置内容（串口号、波特率、数据位、停止位、校验位），可按更改后的信息自动将串口重新打开
4 可统计接收字节和发送字节的个数
5 接收数据可按16进制数据和非16进制数据进行整体转换
6 可将接收到数据进行保存
7 可设置自动发送，发送时间可进行实时更改
8可按字符串、16进制字节、文件方式进行发送，字符串和16进制字节可分别进行存储，内容互不干扰
9 按16进制发送时，可自动校验格式，不会输错
10 可清空发送或接收区域的数据
二、 使用工具
Visual Studio2015
三、 程序详解
1 界面创建

图1
用winform创建如图1所示界面，控件名字分别为：
端口号：cbxCOMPort 波特率：cbxBaudRate
数据位：cbxDataBits 停止位：cbxStopBits
校验位：label5 打开串口按钮：btnOpenCom
发送（byte）：tbSendCount 接收（byte）：tbReceivedCount
清空计数按钮：btnClearCount 按16进制显示：cb16Display
接收区清空内容按钮：btnClearReceived 保存数据按钮：btnSaveFile
接收数据框：tbReceivedData 发送数据框：tbSendData

自动发送：cbAutomaticSend 间隔时间：tbSpaceTime
按16进制发送：cb16Send 发送区清空内容按钮：btnClearSend
读入文件按钮：btnReadFile 发送按钮：btnSend
2 创建一个方法类
按Ctrl+shift+A快捷键创建一个类，名字叫Methods，代码为：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 串口助手sdd
{
class Methods
{
//获取有效的COM口
public static string[] ActivePorts()
{
ArrayList activePorts = new ArrayList();
foreach (string pname in SerialPort.GetPortNames())
{
activePorts.Add(Convert.ToInt32(pname.Substring(3)));
}
activePorts.Sort();
string[] mystr = new string[activePorts.Count];
int i = 0
foreach (int num in activePorts)
{
mystr[i++] = "COM" + num.ToString();
}
return mystr;
}

//16进制字符串转换为byte字符数组
public static Byte[] _16strToHex(string strValues)
{
string[] hexValuesSplit = strValues.Split(' ');
Byte[] hexValues = new Byte[hexValuesSplit.Length];
Console.WriteLine(hexValuesSplit.Length);
for (int i = 0; i < hexValuesSplit.Length; i++)
{
hexValues[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexValuesSplit[i], 16);
}
return hexValues;
}

//byte数组以16进制形式转字符串
public static string ByteTo16Str(byte[] bytes)
{
string recData = null;//创建接收数据的字符串
foreach (byte outByte in bytes)//将字节数组以16进制形式遍历到一个字符串内
{
recData += outByte.ToString("X2") + " ";
}
return recData;
}

//16进制字符串转换字符串
public static string _16strToStr(string _16str)
{
string outStr = null;
byte[] streamByte = _16strToHex(_16str);
outStr = Encoding.Default.GetString(streamByte);
return outStr;
}
}
}

2 Form1.cs的代码为：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;

namespace 串口助手sdd
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
//声明变量
SerialPort sp = new SerialPort();
bool isSetProperty = false;//串口属性设置标志位
private enum PortState//声明接口显示状态，枚举型
{
打开,
关闭
}
string path = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "confing.ini";//声明配置文件路径
string tbSendDataStr = "";//发送窗口字符串存储
string tbSendData16 = "";//发送窗口16进制存储
List receivedDatas = new List();//接收数据泛型数组

//接收串口数据
private void sp_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
byte[] ReceivedData = new byte[sp.BytesToRead];//创建接收字节数组
sp.Read(ReceivedData, 0, ReceivedData.Length);//读取所接收到的数据
receivedDatas.AddRange(ReceivedData);

tbReceivedCount.Text = (Convert.ToInt32(tbReceivedCount.Text) + ReceivedData.Length).ToString();
if (cb16Display.Checked)
tbReceivedData.Text = Methods.ByteTo16Str(receivedDatas.ToArray());
else
tbReceivedData.Text = Encoding.Default.GetString(receivedDatas.ToArray());
sp.DiscardInBuffer();//丢弃接收缓冲区数据
}

//发送串口数据
private void DataSend()
{
try
{
if (cb16Send.Checked)
{
byte[] hexBytes = Methods._16strToHex(tbSendData16);
sp.Write(hexBytes, 0, hexBytes.Length);
tbSendCount.Text = (Convert.ToInt32(tbSendCount.Text) + hexBytes.Length).ToString();
}

else
{
sp.WriteLine(tbSendDataStr);
tbSendCount.Text = (Convert.ToInt32(tbSendCount.Text) + tbSendDataStr.Length).ToString();
}

}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString());
return;
}
}

//设置串口属性
private void SetPortProperty()
{
sp.PortName = cbxCOMPort.Text.Trim();//设置串口名
sp.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbxBaudRate.Text.Trim());//设置波特率

switch (cbxStopBits.Text.Trim())//设置停止位
{
case "1": sp.StopBits = StopBits.One; break;
case "1.5": sp.StopBits = StopBits.OnePointFive; break;
case "2": sp.StopBits = StopBits.Two; break;
default: sp.StopBits = StopBits.None; break;
}
sp.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbxDataBits.Text.Trim());//设置数据位
switch (cbxParity.Text.Trim())//设置奇偶校验位
{
case "无": sp.Parity = Parity.None; break;
case "奇校验": sp.Parity = Parity.Odd; break;
case "偶校验": sp.Parity = Parity.Even; break;
default: sp.Parity = Parity.None; break;
}
sp.ReadTimeout = 5000;//设置超时时间为5s
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;//这个类中我们不检查跨线程的调用是否合法(因为.net 2.0以后加强了安全机制,，不允许在winform中直接跨线程访问控件的属性)
//定义DataReceived事件的委托，当串口收到数据后出发事件
sp.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(sp_DataReceived);
}

//设置端口显示状态
private void DisplayPortState(PortState portState)
{
toolStripStatusLabel1.Text = cbxCOMPort.Text + "端口 处于" + portState + "状态 " + cbxBaudRate.Text + " " + cbxDataBits.Text + " " + cbxStopBits.Text + " " + cbxParity.Text;
}

//重新打开串口
private void AgainOpenPort()
{
if (sp.IsOpen)
{
try
{
sp.Close();
SetPortProperty();
isSetProperty = true;
sp.Open();
}
catch (Exception)
{
isSetProperty = false;
btnOpenCom.Text "打开串口";
DisplayPortState(PortState.关闭);
MessageBox.Show("串口无效或已被占用!", "错误提示");
return;
}

DisplayPortState(PortState.打开);
}
else
{
DisplayPortState(PortState.关闭);
}
}

public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

//软件启动时加载事件
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

#region 加载配置文件
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
if (File.Exists(path))
{
try
{
string myline = "";
string[] str = new string[2];
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path))
{
myline = sr.ReadLine();
while (myline != null)
{
str = myline.Split('=');
ht.Add(str[0], str[1]);
myline = sr.ReadLine();
}
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString());
}
}
#endregion

#region 设置窗口为固定大小且不可最大化
this.MaximumSize = this.Size;
this.MinimumSize = this.Size;
this.MaximizeBox = false;
#endregion

#region 列出常用的波特率
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("1200");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("2400");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("4800");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("9600");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("19200");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("38400");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("43000");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("56000");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("57600");
cbxBaudRate.Items.Add("115200");
if (ht.ContainsKey("cbxBaudRate"))
cbxBaudRate.SelectedIndex = cbxBaudRate.Items.IndexOf(ht["cbxBaudRate"].ToString());
else
cbxBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 3;
cbxBaudRate.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
#endregion

#region 列出停止位
cbxStopBits.Items.Add("1");
cbxStopBits.Items.Add("1.5");
cbxStopBits.Items.Add("2");
if (ht.ContainsKey("cbxStopBits"))
cbxStopBits.SelectedIndex = cbxStopBits.Items.IndexOf(ht["cbxStopBits"].ToString());
else
cbxStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
cbxStopBits.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
#endregion

#region 列出数据位
cbxDataBits.Items.Add("8");
cbxDataBits.Items.Add("7");
cbxDataBits.Items.Add("6");
cbxDataBits.Items.Add("5");
if (ht.ContainsKey("cbxDataBits"))
cbxDataBits.SelectedIndex = cbxDataBits.Items.IndexOf(ht["cbxDataBits"].ToString());
else
cbxDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
cbxDataBits.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
#endregion

#region 列出奇偶校验位
cbxParity.Items.Add("无");
cbxParity.Items.Add("奇校验");
cbxParity.Items.Add("偶校验");
if (ht.ContainsKey("cbxParity"))
cbxParity.SelectedIndex = cbxParity.Items.IndexOf(ht["cbxParity"].ToString());
else
cbxParity.SelectedIndex = 0;
cbxParity.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
#endregion

#region COM口重新加载
cbxCOMPort.Items.Clear();//清除当前串口号中的所有串口名称
cbxCOMPort.Items.AddRange(Methods.ActivePorts());
if (ht.ContainsKey("cbxCOMPort") && cbxCOMPort.Items.Contains(ht["cbxCOMPort"].ToString()))
cbxCOMPort.SelectedIndex = cbxCOMPort.Items.IndexOf(ht["cbxCOMPort"].ToString());
else
cbxCOMPort.SelectedIndex = 0;
cbxCOMPort.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
#endregion

#region 初始化计数器
tbSendCount.Text = "0";
tbSendCount.ReadOnly = true;
tbReceivedCount.Text = "0";
tbReceivedCount.ReadOnly = true;
#endregion

#region 初始化当前时间
toolStripStatusLabel3.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
#endregion

#region 初始化串口状态
toolStripStatusLabel1.ForeColor = Color.Blue;
if (!isSetProperty)//串口未设置则设置串口属性
{
SetPortProperty();
isSetProperty = true;
}
try
{
sp.Open();
btnOpenCom.Text = "关闭串口";
DisplayPortState(PortState.打开);
}
catch (Exception)
{
//串口打开失败后，串口属性设置标志位设为false
isSetProperty = false;
MessageBox.Show("串口无效或已被占用!", "错误提示");
}

#endregion

#region 初始化间隔时间
if (ht.ContainsKey("tbSpaceTime"))
tbSpaceTime.Text = ht["tbSpaceTime"].ToString();
else
tbSpaceTime.Text = "1000";
#endregion

#region 初始化按16进制显示状态
if (ht.ContainsKey("cb16Display") && ht["cb16Display"].ToString() == "True")
cb16Display.Checked = true;
else
cb16Display.Checked = false;
#endregion

#region 初始化按16进制发送状态
if (ht.ContainsKey("cb16Send") && ht["cb16Send"].ToString() == "True")
cb16Send.Checked = true;
else
cb16Send.Checked = false;
#endregion

#region 初始化发送区文本
if(ht.ContainsKey("tbSendData16") && ht.ContainsKey("tbSendDataStr"))
{
tbSendData16 = ht["tbSendData16"].ToString();
tbSendDataStr = ht["tbSendDataStr"]ToString();
if (cb16Send.Checked)
tbSendData.Text = ht["tbSendData16"].ToString();
else
tbSendData.Text = ht["tbSendDataStr"].ToString();
}
#endregion

tbSendData.Focus();
}

//显示当前时间
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
toolStripStatusLabel3.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

//点击打开串口按钮
private void btnOpenCom_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!sp.IsOpen)//串口没有打开时
{
if (!isSetProperty)//串口未设置则设置串口属性
{
SetPortProperty();
isSetProperty = true;
}
try
{
sp.Open();
btnOpenCom.Text = "关闭串口";
DisplayPortState(PortState.打开);
}
catch (Exception)
{
//串口打开失败后，串口属性设置标志位设为false
isSetProperty = false;
MessageBox.Show("串口无效或已被