考研作文常用短语及句子.doc

考研小作文写作常用短语及句子
1、 常用与开头的短语、句式
（1） with the （rapidly）growing popularity of （computers/private cars） in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。

（2） With the （rapid）growth of （our economy/population），many problems such as （water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management）are beginng to surface

（3） With the development of （science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …

（4） Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).

（5） Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…

（6） There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are,on the oher hand,many reasons against itFirst,…Second,…Finally,…

（7） There are many advantanges and disadvantages in(owning a car).

（8） There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something

（9） Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…

（10） The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems)depend on three factors…

（11） The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…

2．常用于结尾的短语、句式

（1） It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。

（2） To conclude，we can see that （the best way/the possible solution）is。。。

（3） In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。

（4） In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。

（5） In a word ，there are three suggestions we must follow ，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。

（6） It is time for us to take an actie part in

（7） Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）

3．陈述或论证观点、看法（view，point，opinion）、原因（reason、cause）、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。。。。（method，means，measures，step。。。）、因素（factor）、利弊、优缺点（advantage，disadvantage）时常用的词语、句式：

（1）引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语：

。。。。的原因有许多。There are many reasons why。。。

。。。。的原因如下；The reasons why 。。。are as follows

我的看法是。。。。My opinon is that

（2）展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：

①、第一层次（首先）First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all ，To begin with，For one thing。

我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。

主要因素是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。

②第二层次（其次）Second ，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，

另一种方法是。。。Another means of 。。。is to do。。

第二种解决方法是。。。the second solution is that。。。

③第三层次（第三点）Third，athirdly，besides，in adition，furthermore，what is more important

（3）总结性段落常用句式、词语：

最后一点 last，lastly，finally，in the last place ，last of all，in short，in brief

简言之 in a word ，in summary，tosum up

总之， in conclusion，on the whole，altogether，in all

因此， so，thus，hence，therefor。Consequently，for thee reasons

结果， in consequence，as a result

由此可见。。。 it will be seen from it that

如上所述，我们可以得出结论。。。as has been said above，we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to aconclusion that。。。

（4）将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较，对比时常用的句式、短语：

然而 while ，whereas，but，however，nevertheless

尽管如此 in spite of that，despite all this

但在另一方面 but on the other hand

与。。。相比 in/by in comparison with。。。/as compare with。。。

对比之下 by/in contrast

与。。。相反 as opposed to。。。/instead of。。。

相反 on the contrary，instead

他们的区别如下 The differences sre as follows；the differences can be described as follows

A与B之间的不同在于。。。。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exests in/consists in。。。；A is different from B in。。。

　　无论是中文还是英语抑或其他语言，我们知道写文章势必要有一个中心思想，而每个段落只能有一个主题(central idea)，它用一个句子加以表达，就是主题句。几个主题句的精彩写作不仅会让文章条理分明，更能够很好的诠释文章主题思想，可谓是文章的架构灵魂，所以，写好主题句对一篇文章的好坏有着至关重要的作用。

　　首先，充分了解主题句。
　　定义：主题句为一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和说明该段的主题。
位置：主题句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中，考生最好放在段首，这样较易掌握和构思。

　　例如：
　　位于段首：在英文中，大部分段落的第一句便是主题句。开门见山地提出问题，后面的扩展句围绕主题句加以说明、支持、补充和解释。

　　An important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public alike as offering tremendous benefits. The more obvious ones are the abilities of police to apply first aid life saving techniques quickly, and the greater likelihood of arresting people who may have participated in a crime. It aids in identifying those who witnessed an emergency or crime as well as in collecting evidence. The overall reputation of a police department too is enhanced if rapid response is consistent and this in itself promotes the prevention of crime. Needless to say rapid response offers the public some degree of satisfaction in its police force.

　　位于段尾：主题句位于段尾便于总结全段的内容，给读者以深刻的印象，是写作中的一种演绎方法。

　　At present rates of demand, the world has enough oil to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distant day a crunch will come, but as it approaches fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason to spend on nuclear now.

　　位于段中：位于段中的主题句起承上启下的作用，这类主题句多起转折作用，一般由“but, however, yet, anyhow, nevertheless”等词连接，用于引起下文。

　　What we teach ourselves sometimes, indeed, is more useful than what we learn from others. Some great men had little or no schooling. But these great men probably studied harder by themselves than most boys do in school. The greatest minds do not necessarily of those who have never been able to distinguish themselves at school, have been very successful in life later. It has been said that Wellington and Napoleon were both dull boys at school, and so were Newton and Albert Einstein.

　　无主题句：有的段落中无主题句，段落的主题思想通过文章内容来提示，这种方法能促使读者对文章内容进行思考和分析，但考生一般不宜在考试中采用这种方法：

　　Money may be deposited or withdrawn from branches of the credit unions and banks during business hours from Monday to Friday (but not on public holidays) or 24 hours a day from the many on-campus automatic teller machines. Business hours for financial institutions vary, but credit unions are usually open from 9 am to 5 pm weekdays, and, generally, banks are open from 9.30 am to 4 pm (5 pm on Fridays). Some services are available on Saturday mornings in selected areas. While prices often compare favorably with prices overseas, because Australia is a large and exciting country it is very easy to overspend, especially if on a tight budget.

　　其次，如何写好主题句。
　　写好主题句的方法：
　　1)主题句要概括一定内容，不要空泛，否则扩展句将难以说明和支持它例如：
　　空泛：English language is very important.
　　概括：English language is very important in our daily life.
　　空泛：The Olympic Games are exciting.
　　概括：In the Olympic Games the football teams from many countries compete intensely.
　　2)尽量使用简单句或简洁明了的句子，例如：：
　　简洁：Collecting stamps is her hobby.
　　复杂: She likes collecting stamps which is her hobby.
　　简洁: I enjoyed watching Gone with the wind very much.
　　复杂：Gone with the wind was a good film which I enjoyed watching very much.
　　3)主题句应该做到句子完整和表达的主题思想完整，：例如：
　　不完整：How to write a composition.
　　完整：How to write a composition is not an easy thing to talk about.
　　不完整：If the weather had been fine.
　　完整：If it had been fine, we would have had a good time.
　　4)关键词是直接表达主题的词汇，它决定段落的内容和展开的方法，引导整个段落的发展，例如：
　　There are several ways to boil the water.
　　The task can be finished in three steps.
　　There is a new method to reduce the cost.