BEC雅思图表描述写作.ppt

1-English Practical WritingEnglish Practical Writing：Writing a ReportWriting a Report报告及图表描述报告及图表描述-2-英文商务报告包括英文商务报告包括Introduction(Thisreportaims/setsoutto)，Findings(Itwasfoundthat)，Conclusions(Toconclude),Recommendations(Itissuggestedthat.)，以及参考文献，以及参考文献(reference)。括号。括号中是每段中是每段开头常用的表达方式。开头常用的表达方式3-BEC写作写作-报告样题报告样题YouworkforPJTCo.Ltd,amanufacturingcompany.Youneedmorestaffinyourdepartmentandyourmanagerhasaskedyoutowriteareportexplainingwhy.Write120-140words.-4-Report:MorestaffareneededinourdepartmentDate:July16,2018IntroductionThisreportaimstoexplainwhyourdepartmentneedsmorestaff.FindingsStatisticsshowthatthereexistsabiggapbetweenthenumberofstaffinourdepartmentandstaffworkload.Whilethenumberoforderhasbeengrowingup,thenumberofstaffhasremainedsteady.Moreover,ourcustomerservicedepartmentrecentlyreceivedacomplaintfromoneofourclientsaboutatremendousdelayinourdelivery,whichispartlycausedbystaffinsufficiency.ConclusionToconclude,therearemanyreasonsfortheneedofmorestaff.Itishightimethatthedepartmentshouldincreasethestaffnumber.RecommendationMorestaffshouldberecruitedintheupcomingjob-huntingseasontoimproveourperformance.-5-Report Structure1.Introduction2.Findings3.Conclusion(s)4.Recommendation(s)-6-Inwritingareport,howtodescribetables,figures,andcharts?n1.表格表格(table)n2.曲曲线图(line graph)n3.柱状柱状图/饼状状图(bar/pie chart)-7-图表表报告告的的结构构第一段：介第一段：介绍(Introduction)第二段：正文第二段：正文(Findings)第三段：第三段：总结或或评论(Conclusion)-8-1.Introduction说明明该图表的性表的性质、主要内容、主要内容nWe should begin our essay with a clear statement.This is to provide the reader with an orientation as well as a context for the individual steps to follow.-9-右右图是美国是美国Seattle市市Green Hall超市十一超市十一月所月所销售的四售的四种皮鞋价格与种皮鞋价格与数量数量对比比图，请对该图写写一一个个简要的要的说明明。This bar chart shows how price affects peoples demand/buying of shoes in the Green Hall Supermarket of Seattle in November.-10-右右图是美国海是美国海滨旅游小旅游小镇Bluebeach自自1960年以来所年以来所接待的游客人接待的游客人数数图，请对该图作一个作一个简要要的的说明。明。This graph shows how the number of tourists/visitors to the Bluebeach town changes from 1960 to 2000.-11-世界主要汽世界主要汽车生生产国的年国的年产汽汽车比例比例图美国美国:44%日本日本:23%德国德国:20%韩国国:13%This pie chart shows the percentage of annual car productions from major car producing countries in the world.-12-开头句：描述大致趋势或总体情况开头句：描述大致趋势或总体情况As is shown from the bar chart above/below/on the right,people buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up.We can see from the graph that the number of visitors to the Bluebeach town increased steadily before 1990 and then decreased slightly.According to the pie chart above,there are four major car producing countries in the world/the US is the largest car producer in the world.2.Findings描述描述总体体趋势，极，极值，转折点折点-13-1.应用用“there be”句式（例句式（例1,$150,140 pairs）There are 140 pairs of shoes sold when the price reaches$150.2.应用用动词“have/has”(例例2,1980)The Bluebeach town has 33,000 visitors in the year 1980.3.应用原文中提供的用原文中提供的动词(例例3)Korea produces 13%of the total number of cars in the world.表示数字的常用方法表示数字的常用方法-14-主要有主要有下面下面三三个个句式：句式：1.主主语+动词+副副词+时间 n.+v.+adv.+time2.There be+形容形容词+名名词+时间 There be+a.+n.+time3.主主语+witnessed+形容形容词+名名词+inThenumberoftouriststoBluebeachtowndecreasedslightlyfromtheyear1990to2000.ThereisasharpriseinthenumberoftouriststoBluebeachfromtheyear1980totheyear1990.Thelastdecadeofthe20thcentury(时间时间)witnessedaslowdeclineinthenumberoftouriststoBluebeach(对象象)=Thenumberoftourists(对象对象)witnessedaslowdeclineinthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury(时间时间)表示表示变化的常用方法化的常用方法-15-Practice:LineGraphThegraphshowsratesofsmokinginmenandwomenintheUKfrom1960to2000.分析：分析：1.Women:1975前上升，前上升，1975后下降（找转折点）后下降（找转折点）2.men:平稳平稳下降下降3.时态时态：一般过去式：一般过去式-16-LineGraph1.Women:1975前上升，前上升，1975后下降（找后下降（找转折点）转折点）Therewasasignificantincreaseinthenumberoffemalesmokersbefore1975,andaftertheyear1975theratesofwomensmokersslowlydeclined.-17-LineGraph2.men:平稳下降，降幅稍大平稳下降，降幅稍大TheratesofBritishmalesmokerswentthrough/witnessedacontinuousdownwardtendency/trend.Theyearsfrom1960to2000witnessedacontinuousdownwardtendencyintheratesofBritishmalesmokers.-18-常用常用词-19-20-n表示曲表示曲线图最高点和最低点可以使用最高点和最低点可以使用下列句型：下列句型：nThe figure(s)+npeaked(bottomed out)at/reached the peak(the bottom)of$150+in December-21-LineGraphThenumberoffemalesmokersreachedthepeakof350in1975,andafter1975theratesofwomensmokersslowlydecreasedtothebottomin2000.Overtheyearsthenumberofmalesmokersdeclinedsteadilyandbottomedoutat280in2000.-22-主主语+动词to具体数据。具体数据。主主语+动词tothe peak of具体数据。具体数据。主主语+动词副副词，reaching the peak of+具体具体数据数据,e.g.the number rose significantly,reaching the peak of主主语+动词副副词，reaching+具体具体数据数据+时间。动词+by 与与+to的区的区别对于于上升到某个位置的描述：上升到某个位置的描述23-n对于于下降到某个位置的描述下降到某个位置的描述：n动词to具体数据。具体数据。动词tothe bottom of具体数据。具体数据。动词副副词，reaching the bottom of+具体具体数据，数据，e.g.The number dropped sharply,reaching the bottom of 50 in September.动词副副词，reaching+具体数据具体数据。主主语+bottom out at+数字数字ndecrease by;decrease to-24-n3.起伏波起伏波动的句型：的句型：fluctuated sharply all through n4.波波动不大的句型：不大的句型：hardly changed through the period between and n5.对于于百分比百分比进行描述所使用的句型：行描述所使用的句型：occupy/constitute%of the total takes up/accounts for%in the whole chart-25-n嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介所使用的介词和介和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of at the end of overthroughout-26-Practice2:ThelinegraphbelowshowsthenumberofenquirestoTouristInformationOfficemadebytelephone,letter/email,andinpersonfromJanuary2001toJune2001.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.(100words)-27-Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,threedifferentchoices,includingenquiringinperson,bycallingandbye-mailorletter,werepresented.Thenumberofenquiriesmadebycommunicatingfacetofacewitnessedaconstantupwardtrendfrom400to1200overthehalfyear,transformingfromtheleastpopularwaytothemostprevalentmode.Thelinegraphillustratesthenumberofenquiriestoobtaintouristinformationindifferentmeansduringasix-monthperiodfromJanuary200128-Withrespecttothenumberofenquiriesbyletter/email,itstartedat800inJanuary,and remained relatively stable in the first four months beforeincreasingsmoothlytoabout1100inJune(全全用用动动词词).However,thetrendfortelephonewasquitedifferent,withthenumberdecreasingcontinuously from 600 in January to 450 in May and then reducingmarkedlytoreachthebottomof200(用用with+ing分词引出数据变化分词引出数据变化).Overall,it is obvious that people tended to seek advice about travelingfromtheprofessionalsinperson.-29-LineGraph总结：整体趋势总结：整体趋势1975前相反前相反，1975后类似后类似Toconclude,thegeneraltendencyformaleandfemaleratesofsmokingintheUKformedastrikingcontrastbefore1975.Astimewenton,thecontrastfadedawaytoaboutthesamerate,withmenstillslightlymore.-30-31-n1.可以出可以出现在数据前面的修在数据前面的修饰词：below,under,over,more than,almost,nearly,about,approximatelyn2.判断判断时态，注意，注意图表中是否有表中是否有时间出出现。如果没有，如果没有，则使用一般使用一般现在在时，如果有，如果有，通常使用一般通常使用一般过去去时。n3.有有选择的利用数据，而不是全部选取。选择的利用数据，而不是全部选取。n4.注意注意单词和短语的同义转换单词和短语的同义转换-LexicalResource-32-BarChart:RelativeExpression一个数据一个数据“超过超过”另一个数据：另一个数据：surpass,outnumber,exceedThenumberofdeathscausedbyTBfarexceededthenumberofdeathsinducedbyAIDS.-33-BarChart:RelativeExpression对对2个或者个或者3个项目进行排序，用个项目进行排序，用followedby,rankWithrespecttothefactorsthatcauseddeathsinAustraliain1990,TBledtothelargestnumberofdeath,followedbydiarrhoeaandmalaria.SpeakingofthefactorsthatcauseddeathsinAustraliain1990,TBledtothelargestnumberofdeath.Diarrhoeaandmalariaranksecondandthirdrespectively.inthecaseof/intermsof/inrespectof/regarding在在.方面方面-34-倍数表达倍数表达法法女性的失业率是男性失业率的三倍。女性的失业率是男性失业率的三倍。TheunemploymentrateoffemaleswasthreetimesmorethanthatofmaleduringtheEconomicDepression.TheunemploymentrateofwomenwasthreetimesasmuchasthatofmenovertheperiodofEconomicDepression.TB造成的死亡人数是造成的死亡人数是AIDS的的9倍倍ThenumberofdeathscausedbyTBwasninetimesmorethanthatcausedbyAIDS.ThenumberofdeathscausedbyTBwasninetimesasmuchasthatcausedbyAIDS.-35-BarChartPracticeThechartbelowshowsthepercentageofyoungpeopleaged15to24employedindifferentsectorsinNewZealandin1990and2000.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.-36-In1990,positionsincommercewereconsideredasthemostpopularjobswithnearly30%youngpeopleengagedinthissector.Intheremainingpartsincludingagriculture,hotelandrestaurant,manufacturing,transportandothersectors,thepercentagewassimilar,takingup13%-15%.Thebarchartillustratesthepercentageofyoungadultsaged15to24indifferentemploymentsectorsinNewZealandin1990and2000.如何描述如何描述1990年的情况？年的情况？-37-如何如何描述描述2000年的情况年的情况？Tenyearslater,theproportionofgraduateswhoworkedincommercestillrankedthefirstat38%,followedbythepercentageforhotelsandrestaurantswhichincreasedsignificantlyfrom15%to24%.However,thepercentagesforotherfourfieldsdecreased,asthefigurefortransportrankedthelastin2000at7%.Inconclusion,theyouthinNewZealandwouldliketoworkincommerceratherthananyothersectors.-38-PieChart1.考虑最大考虑最大因素：成本和因素：成本和超市超市利润利润,与农民所占份与农民所占份额比较（比较极值）额比较（比较极值）2.其他两其他两项项简单简单提及提及-39-Findings：Thepricingofchocolateconcerns5factors,amongwhichcostofingredientsandoverheadstakesupthelargestshare(37%),severaltimesasmuchasthatoffarmers(only4%).Supermarketisthesecondlargestfactorinthepricingofchocolate,whichoccupies34%oftheprice.Therestofthepricecoverstaxandchocolatecompany,accountingfor15%and10%respectively.-40-BEC样题：样题：Howwouldyouwriteareportaboutthefollowingcharts?The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in 2011.The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.LivingaloneinEnglandbyageandgender,2011(barchart)Numberofbedroomsinone-personhouseholds(piechart)-41-IntroductionThetwochartsgiveinformationaboutsingle-occupanthouseholdsinEnglandintheyear2011.Thebarchartcomparestheproportionsofmalesandfemaleslivingaloneindifferentagegroups,andthepiechartshowsdataaboutthenumberofbedroomsinthesesingle-occupanthomes.-42-FindingsAsignificantmajorityofthepeopleaged65oroverwhowerelivingaloneinEnglandin2011werefemale.Womenaccountedfor72%ofsingleoccupantsaged75to84,and76%ofthoseaged85orover.Bycontrast,amongadultsyoungerthan50,thefiguresformaleswerehigher.Forexample,inthe35-49agegroup,menmadeupnearly65%ofpeoplelivingalone.-43-Inthesameyear,35.4%ofone-personhouseholdsinEnglandhadtwobedrooms,whileone-bedroomandthree-bedroomhomesaccountedfor28%and29.8%ofthetotal.Lessthan7%ofsingle-occupanthomeshadfourormorebedrooms.-44-ConclusionOverall,femalesmadeupahigherproportionofpeoplelivingalonethanmales,andthisdifferenceisparticularlynoticeableinolderage.Wecanalsoseethatthemostcommonnumberofbedroomsinasingle-occupanthomewastwo.总结：总结：占据占据：takeup,makeup,occupy,accountfor,represent,constitute-45-统计表统计表tables中国中国1950年最短，后期增幅最大，年最短，后期增幅最大，2050到最高到最高值；西班牙也在增长，但增幅小于中国；美值；西班牙也在增长，但增幅小于中国；美国在国在74左右，变化不大左右，变化不大-46-TheaveragelifespaninChinagrewmoresignificantlycomparedwiththeothertwocountries,fromtheleast(65yearsold)in1950tothepredictedageof83in2050.ThelifespaninSpainalsoincreasedcontinuously,butwithaslowerpace,reachinganaverageageof77in2050.Bycontrast,theonlycountrywithapossibledecreaseisUSwhichincreasedto75intheyear2000,butispredictedtofallslightlyto74in2050.-47-Practice:Tables如何如何表达表达4个国家在个国家在population上的上的比较？比较？Ascanbeseeninthetable,Boliviahasthelargestpopulationamongthefourcountrieswith23millionpeople,whichisnearlytwiceasmuchasthepopulationofEcuador(12million).Besides,SingaporeandJamaicarankthethirdandfourthplace,with4millionand2.3millionrespectively.(用用with+数字或括号的形式表示具体数值数字或括号的形式表示具体数值)-48-课本课本98页练习（页练习（100words）Thetableshowsreportreadingpatternsofstaffindifferentpositions.Accordingtothetableabove,thepeoplemostlikelytoreadtheentirereportareanalysts(85%),whilefrontlinestaffareleastlikelytoreadalmostanysectionofthereport.72%senioranalystsreadthewholereport,slightlyfewerthanthepercentageforanalysts.Abouthalfofthemanagersandexecutivesreadthewholereport,with51%and48%respectively.Fewseniormanagers(15%)readthewholereport,but39%ofthemand34%executivesreadthesummary.Itisofsomeconcernthatoveronequarterofseniormanagersdonotreadreports.Practice:Tables-49-Tables总结：总结：需要对数据进行合理挑选和分组，不必汇报全部。需要对数据进行合理挑选和分组，不必汇报全部。挑选原则：最大，最小，倍数等挑选原则：最大，最小，倍数等分组原则：类似归为一组分组原则：类似归为一组-50-Thankyou!