语法复习1.doc

语法复习
第一部分
I．虚拟句（对将来、目前、过去的事实进行虚拟或相反的假设）
1．规则型（If, wish 引导的虚拟句）
1a: If 引导的虚拟句
A．对将来进行虚拟： If + should/ were to/ 过去式， would/should + 动词原形
（从句） （主句）

B．对现在进行虚拟： If + 过去式 ， would/should/could + 动词原形
（从句） （主句）

C．对过去进行虚拟： If +过去完成时 ， would/should +现在完成时
（从句） （主句）
（请注意错综虚拟句： 有时主句、从句时间不一致，真实、虚拟交错，这时我们须从句义上来分析。）
*错综时间虚拟条件句（主句与从句时间不一致，真实与虚拟交错）
eg1: He talks as if he ___ the incident.
A. had witnessed B. witnesses C. witnessed D. has witnessed
eg2: I should have taken my sick brother to a hospital, but I ___ .
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. wasn’t D. shouldn’t
1b: wish 引导的虚拟句
A．对将来/现在进行虚拟：
I wish + 过去式
I wish + would/should + 动词原形（表示抱怨）
B．对过去进行虚拟：
I wish + 过去完成时
2．“Should + 动词原形”型
2a: It is+表示“建议、要求、心理判断”的形容词 +( should)+动词原形
（从 句）

2b: 表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词 + （should） + 动词原形
（从句）
2c: 表示“以免/担心”的词组lest, for fear that, in case + should + 动词原形
（从句）
（完形填空题）There are two other important considerations for today’s engineers. First, they work with management and government officials who are very cost-conscious and demand that engineering systems ___ not only from a technical, but also from an economic point of view.
A. to work B. are working C. be workable D. are workable

3．“过去式”句型
3a: It is (high, very, the right, about) time + 动词过去时
（从句）
3b : would rather + 宾语 + 动词过去时 （对现在/将来虚拟）
（从句）
would rather + 宾语 + 动词过去完成时 （对过去虚拟）
（从句）
eg1: It is about time (that) people ___ notice of what women did during the war. A.take B.will take C.took D.have taken
eg2: I would rather you drove me home after the party.
I would rather she hadn’t told her mother the truth last night.

II．综合练习题
1. If she ___ me last year, she wouldn’t have been so miserable.
A. has listened to B. had listened C. had listened to D. listened to
2. Had he not done that to the country, the people ___ towards him.
A. would not have hatred B. would not have felt hatred
C. had hatred D. have hatred
3. Had I taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I ___ wet now.
A. would not being B. would not be
C. am not D. will not be
4. I wish I ___ the concert last night.
A. had watched B. have watch
C. would have watched D. would watch
5. It is vital that the business information ___ .
A. keep secret B. kept secret
C. be kept secret D. keeps secret
6. He demanded the office building ___ before Friday.
A. clear out B. cleared out
C. be cleared out D. to be cleared out
7. Adults should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they ___ them a bad example.
A. should set B. would set C. will set D. are going to set
8. It’s about time the world ___ notice of what women did during the war.
A. should have taken B. took C. take D. had taken
9. I would rather you ___ me home after the party.
A. drove B. drive C. to drive D. would have driven
10. Her parents would rather she ___ them the news last night.
A. didn’t tell B. hadn’t told C. not tell D. told
III. 非谓语动词复习
1．“-ing型”的非谓语动词
2. –ed型的非谓语动词
3. 不定式to do
4. 独立主格结构
Non-finite Verbs Revisited(非谓语动词复习)
I. –ing型的非谓语动词用法（表示主动含义）
1．做定语（前置和后置）
eg1: This is a ___ question that needs settling down immediately.
A. pressed B. pressure C. pressing D. presses
eg2: The issue ___ is mainly concerned about some African affairs.
A. to discuss B. being discussed C discussing D. discusses
2. 做宾语（放在动词或介词之后）
-__
(完形填空)eg1: Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or ___ an employment agency
A. use B. to use C. used D. using
eg2: We were surprised at ___ the exam.
A. him not passing B. his passing not C. his no passing D. him not to pass
3. 做主语（注意其否定形式）
eg1: ___ one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.
A: Not to do B. Doing not C. Doing D. Not doing
4. 做状语（常见考题）
eg1: Television has become a major instrument of communication, ___ us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs.
A. to permit B. permitted C. being permitting D. permitting
eg2: Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, ___.
A. only differs in degree B only in degree it differs
C. differing only in degree D. and differing in degree only.
5. 做独立主格结构（常见考题）
eg1: The old writer could not sleep at night, his wrongs and sorrows ___ him no peace. A. gave B. have given C. being given D. giving
(完形填空题)…She looked warmly clad with her coat and scarf, her hair ___ in the breeze from the sea.
A. is flowing B. was flowing C. flowing D flown

II. –ed形的非谓语动词（表示被动含义）
1．做定语
(模拟试题完形填空题)eg1: …Urban planning was an important factor in Europe after World War II, when urban planners directed the reconstruction of ___ areas.
A. war-shattered B. war-addicting C. war-like D. war-weary
2. 做状语
eg1: ___ in ancient times, the book still appeals to readers today.
A.Though it written B.Though written C.It was written D.Written it was
eg2: That the brain, once ___ oxygen, dies has been proved.
A. depriving B. deprived C. being deprived D. deprived of
3. 做宾语补足语(常见考题)
eg1: The next morning the police found him ___ in a dark yard.
A. murdered B. died C. murdering D. to murder
(完形填空题)eg2: …The old couple got extremely irritated and immediately had the house once more ___ green.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. being painted
4. 做独立主格结构 (常见考题)
eg1: The decision ___ , what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
A. been made B. has been made
C. having been made D. having been making
eg2: A new technique ___ , the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A. working out B. having worked out
C. having been worked out D. to have been worked out
III: Infinitive：to do (不定式复习)
1．不定式可充当句子主语（用单数谓语）、宾语、表语（用在be动词之后）、定语、状语（多表示目的）和宾语补语。
eg1: To help others is our duty. → It is our duty to help others.
eg2: 通常接不定式做宾语的动词有：agree, ask, beg, consider, decide, expect, hope, invite, refuse, would like, want, wish等。
（补充点：模拟题）eg3: When she is nervous, she does nothing but eat./ He will do anything to help you except lend you money.
2．在There be 结构中，不定式的主动和被动都可以，意义差别不大。
eg: There are two sheets ___.
A. to wash B. be washed C. washing D. need washing
3. 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Eg1: The story is difficult to understand./ This material is easy to wash./The room is comfortable to live in./The apple is nice to eat.
Eg2. The bedclothes, apart from the carpet, needs ___ badly; all the furniture is to be arranged properly.
A. tidying B. to tidy C. tidy D. be tidied
4. 不定式的否定（not to do）和不定式的时态。
(完形填空)...She happened ___ in the area when the sea shock happened.
A: to travel B. to be traveling C. to have traveled D. to traveling
5. 充当介词的to + doing (请大家注意与不定式: to do区别)
★常见的词组有：be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, dedicate to, be committed to, prefer…to…, stick to, get down to, pay attention to，object to, be accustomed to, adhere to 等 + doing

Tense Revisited (时态复习)
I: 一般现在时的用法(在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中)
1．在时间状语从句（通常由when, as, as soon as, until, after, before等引导）和真实条件状语从句（通常由if, in case, unless, provided/ providing等引导），用一般现在时表示将来动作。
eg1: I’ll discuss this with Nancy when she ___ in Rome next week.
A. arrives B. will arrive C. has arrived D. arriving
eg2: She will be likely to go with us provided she ___ the train in time. A. will catch B. catches C. has caught D. having caught
II. 一般过去时与现在完成时
1. 一般过去时的基本标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday,
last + 时间词，in + 年/月, on +日, 时间词+ago, used to,
2. 现在完成时的基本标志词：so far, up to now, recently, just, yet, ever, never, already, since+时间词,
3．短暂性动词的完成时不能与表示延续性的时间词连用。(如：die, marry, join, buy, sell等)
eg: Jane’s grandpa ___ for twenty years when she was still a little girl.
A. has died B. has been died C. died D. has been dead
III．过去完成时
1．有时间的先后比较（表示过去的过去）
eg: I ___ my academic research paper when my supervisor came in.
A. had finished B. had been finishing C. have finished D. finished
2. 与no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when等连用，先发生的动作用过去完成时（还可以倒装）
eg: He ___ no sooner ___ the letter___ he started back home.
A. had/ seen/ when B. x/saw/when C. x/saw/than D. had/ seen/ than
3．与“By (the time) + 过去时间”连用
eg: By the end of 1997, we had already solved all the problems left in Hong Kong by the British colonizers.
4. 过去完成时用于hope, think, intend, mean, want, expect等动词，表示过去未曾实现的打算、希望、意图等。
eg: I had thought he would finish the job on time. So I wasn’t worried at all.

综合练习
1. Police __ the crime are looking for the missing girl.
A. are investigating B. investigating
C. investigates D. have investigated
2 He tried to avoid __ the teacher’s question.
A. answering B. answers C. to answer D. answer
3. There __ else to we could do, we left the meeting hall.
A. was nothing B. is nothing C. has nothing D. being nothing
4. ___ , we have to turn to one of our schoolmates, who is now a mayor.
A. Being unemployed B. Because unemployed
C. Unemployed D. to be unemployed
5. The candidate decided to give up the election, ___ for several times.
A. having been slandered B. having slandered
C. because having been slandered D. slandering
6. The final decision ___ , the employees have to go back to work compulsorily.
A. been made B. has been made C. made D. have been making
7. The girl is sitting at the back of the motorcar, her hair ___ down her back with the wind.
A. flowing B. flowed C. was flowing D. flows
8. The UNESCO ___ donation for the children in poor areas, over three million dollars have been collected in the past three months.
A. appeals for B. appeals to
C. has been appealing for D. appealing for
9. The report is concerned about illegal drugs found in an actress’ villa, the details ___ tomorrow.
A. will be reported B. are going to be reported
C. Should report D. to be reported
10. You seem ___ much about Chinese military high-technology.
A. knowing B. to have known
C. to know D. had known
11. (完形填空题)…Many parents are strolling by the lake, talking and laughing, watching their children ___ merrily on the beach.
A. playing water balls B. are playing water balls
C. played water balls D. to play water balls
12. It is no good ___ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you learned.
A. trying to B. to try to C. try to D. tried to
13. I will have my uniform ___ tomorrow in the laundry room.
A. washed B. be washed C. to be washed D. washing
14. I was brought up in the countryside and am accustomed to ___ under tough circumstance.
A. working B work C. be worked D. be working
15. (完形填空题)…there are two other important considerations for today’s engineers. First, they work with management and government officials who are cost-conscious and demand that engineering systems ___ not only from a technical, but also from an economic point of view.
A. to work B. are working C. be workable D. are workable
16. (完形填空题)…young people in the USA enjoyed drinking in a good cafeteria after a tiring day’s work and ___ the movies afterwards.
A. going to B. to go to C. to be going to D. being going to

第二部分
III. 其他语法点
1. Li ming has three ___ , two of whom are ___ in Nangfang Daily.
A. bothers-in-law/editor-in-chiefs B. bothers-in-law/editors-in-chief
C. bother-in-laws/editor-in-chiefs D. bothers-in-laws/editors-in-chiefs
2. ___ all the poets I have read recently, Shakespeare was the most productive one.
A. Of B. Among C. In D. About
3. What surprises us is that ___ the medicine is, the less people are willing to buy it.
A. the more cheaper B. the cheaper
C. more cheaper D. much cheaper
4. Even if it ___ tomorrow, I will go and visit him.
A. will have rained B. rains
C. will rain D. is going to rain
5. The coal mine suddenly collapsed while an emergency exit ___ .
A. was built B. was being built C. built D was building
6. Thank you for your kindness, but you ___ this wine for us; we have made full preparation for the party.
A. needn’t have bought B. shouldn’t have bought
C. needn’t bring D. don’t have to
7. Many a student ___ raised questions and more than one question __ unsolved in the conference.
A. has / remains B. have / remain
C. had / remained D. is / has
8. It was not such a good movie ___ we had expected.
A. as B. what C. like D. than
9. The tree, the branches ___ are almost bare, is a very old one.
A. whose B. in which C. of which D. which
10. The news ___ we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
A. which B. that C. what D. of which
11. Scarcely ___ in the cellar when the massacre began.
A. had we hidden B. did we hide C. after we hid D. we had hidden
12. Busy ___ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
A. because B. as C. no matter D. although
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