2015高考英语知识背诵.doc

2008高考英语知识归纳背诵
第1讲
一、Language Points
1.
share
v. 分享、合用：share sth with sb

n. 一份，股份

spare
a. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tire

v. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/
spare one of sandwiches for the boy

spare no efforts：不遗余力
spare no expense：不惜工本

save
v. 节省，救出
2.
He felt lucky to have survived the war.
3.

with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事争论

argue
for/against sth：赞成/反对…

Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事
4.
have/make/let/see/watch/listen to
+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)

get sb to do sth

have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)
10.
be equal to sth：与…相等

be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)某事

equal sth：与…相等

equal sb in sth：在…方面与某人匹敌
12.
a great many

several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)

(many) dozens of

a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)

seveal/two dozen of +pron.
13.
much too+adj/adv(原级)

too much+n.(u.)

too many+n.(pl.)
14.
没有被动态

come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句)

happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)

sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划)

break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)

occur(与happen通用)
It occurs to sb that/to do…：某人突然想起…
15.
n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase

to do：表将来

With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进行

done：表过去

第2讲
一、Language points
1. sb./sth.+adj/n
sb./sth.+to do
consider(以为，认为)＋ sb./sth.+as
that-clause
n.
consider(考虑)＋ doing
疑问词+to do sth
“把…当作…”的译法：consider…as
=think of/look on/take/regard/treat/have…as
2. to do
A way+ of doing
(that/in which)+定语从句
A method of doing sth
by this means
You can solve the problem+ with this method
in this way
by means of通过…方式，以…手段
by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式
by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请
by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）
3. protect…(from) doing sth
prevent/stop…(from) doing sth
keep…from doing
keep…doing
under the potection of…
6. along the river:沿着河流
over the river:在河的正上方
through the forest:穿过森林
by the river:在河边
on the bank:在河岸上
11. say “hi” to sb.
Please remember me to sb.
向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb.
Send the best wishes to sb.
12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾
关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词
主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do sth
eg. This question is difficult to answer.
=It’s difficult to answer the question.
The man is hard to work with.=It’s hard to work with the man.
当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，
且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。
Eg. He wants water to drink.
She has a room to live in.
I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?

第3讲
一、Language points
1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth: 将…归功于…
owing to…: 由于…
＝thanks to/because of/due to…
2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth对某人评价好/不好
speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth
sing high praise for sb/sth
3. apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因某事而向某人道歉
make an apology to sb for (doing) sth因某事而向某人道歉
excuse sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb for (doing) sth原谅某人做了某事
pardon sb for (doing) sth原谅某人做了某事
5. serve in the army 在部队服役
serve the people/the dish为人民服务/上菜
serve as the chairman 当主席

6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿…开玩笑
＝make a joke about
laugh at: 嘲笑
have a joke with sb: 开某人的玩笑
play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戏弄
7. to do 是做某事的时候了。
It’s time+ for sth
for sb to do sth
that-clause（一般过去时/should do）
8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些
one: 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指
it: 指上文提到的同一个事物
that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词
9. none: 用来回答how many/how much引导的问句，常与of连用
no one: 只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句
neither: 两者都不，表单数
nothing: 用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句
10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth
表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth.
clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词：
A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many, few, his, my, thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
clothing: 服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A piece of clothing, an artcle of clothing
dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。
suit: 成套的衣服。
11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的
lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的
alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语
living: 活着，健在的，现行的
12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作)；accept: 接受，领受主观意愿)
接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive
接受某条件、建议：只用accept
13. turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象
The weather has turned much colder.
go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad.
get+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果
Please don’t get angry.
come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。
My dream has come true.
14. 含有插入语的疑问句：
What do you think has happened to him?
How do you suppose the film will end?
Why do you believe he is unfit for the office?
15. 主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we, 谓语是think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气。
She think it is a good idea, doesn’t she?
I think it is a good idea, isn’t it?
I don’t think it is a good idea, is it?

第4讲
一、Language points
3. affect vt. 影响
effect n. 效果，作用
have a good/bad effect on
in effect事实上
cause and effect因果
take effect生效，起作用
come into effect生效，实行
effort n. 努力
without effort毫不费力
make every effort尽一切努力
spare no effort不遗余力
2. weigh vt. 称…的重量
vi. 重达…， 重量为…
put on weight
lose weight
by weight
in meters/pounds/calories
by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton
3. in…参加…比赛
compete+ with/against…与…竞赛/竞争
for…角逐…，为获取…而竞赛
4. Where there is a river, there is a city.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is life, there is hope.
5. do sth
not do sth
do sth than do sth
would rather+ =would do sth rather than do sth
=prefer to do sth rather than do sth
that-clause+ did──表现在或将来
had done──表过去
6. do damage to sth 对……造成损害
live one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
under attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment
7. almost: 差距比nearly小。可与never, no, no one, none,
nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词连用，但不能
与not连用。
nearly: 不可与上述否定词连用，但可与not连用，构成
Not…nearly, 意为“远非…，远不及…”

第5讲
一、Language points
1. sth：与…一致/符合
sb：同意某人
with one’s idea/opinion 同意某人的意见
what sb said (观点，所说的话)
to on’s plan/arrangement/suggestion
agree 同意某人的计划、安排、意见
about/on/upon sth同意做某事
to do sth
that-clause
2. of/about sth 提醒
remind sb to do sth
that-clause 使人回忆起…

3. add…to…：把…加上(在)…
add to=increase：增添，增进
add up (to)：加(起来是)，总计达…
4. success n.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事
succeed v. successful a. successfully ad.
be successful in (doing) sth
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
have success in doing sth
Sb/sth is a success.
5. be/stay/keep+in touch with 表状态 与某人保持联系
be out of touch with
get in touch with 表动作 与某人取得/失去联系
lose touch with
6. in case of+短语 以防，万一
in case+从句
in no case决不
in any case无论如何
in that case如果那样
7. expensive/cheap 昂贵的/便宜的(指东西，而价格应该用high/low)
valuable/valueless 有价值的/无价值的
priceless=very expensive：无价的
8. respond (vi)+ to…：对…回应
with/by：以…(方式)回答，响应
response (n.) in response to
9. be harmful to sb/sth
10. be good for sb/ sth
do sb/sth harm
do harm to sb/sth
do sb/sth good
do good to sb/sth
11. die out：(家族、物种等)死光，灭绝；
(习俗、做法、观念)消失，过时；(火)熄灭
die away：(风、声音、光线等)逐渐停止(消失)
die down：(指炉火等)渐熄；(指骚动等)渐平息；(指闹声)消失
die off：先后死去了；…死去
die of：死于内因(如疾病、年老、饥饿、情感等)
die from：死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)
11. as a/the result of：由于…
as a result：结果，因此
result from：因…而引起
result in=cause：导致，致使…
12. take measures to do sth：采取措施
make clothes to one’s own measure：量体裁衣
13. late：晚，迟，不久前
lately=recently：近来
last：最后，最后的
latest：最近的，最新的
later：后来；结构常为：一段时间＋later：过了…之后
14. adapt to sth/sb：适应某物/某人
adapt sth/sb to sth/sb：使某物/某人适应某物/某人
adapt oneself to：使自己适应某事
adapt from：根据…改写/改编
adapt：指修改或改变以适应新条件
You should adapt yourself t the new environment.
adjust：是指“调整、调节”使之适应
You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to
your eyes
fit：多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”
The shoes fitted me well.
suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等
No dish suits all taste.
match：指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称
A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.
adopt sb：收养
sth：采用
15. devote oneself/time/life to
look forward to doing sth
be/get used to
stick to/get down to/object to
16. free of charge 免费
for free 免费
be free from 免除……
set sb/sth free 释放某人
17. by force：靠武力，强行
be in force：生效
come/go into force：生效
force one’s way：强行前进或进入
18. It’s one’s turn to do sth：轮到某人干某事
take one’s turn：依次，轮到某人
in turn：依次，轮流，反过来，转而
by turns：轮流，交替
take turns (at) doing sth/to do sth：轮流干某事

第6讲
一、Language points
1. keep a record of 记载，记录
keep records of
break/beat the record for/in+比赛项目 打破记录
hold/keep the record of 保持记录
set (up) the world record for/in+比赛项目 创记录
set up a new world record 创了新的世界记录
make a record/make records 录音
play/put on a record 播放录音
2. sb/sth使某人满意
satisfy one’s desires/hunger/thirst 满足
the conditions
to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
be satisfied with sb/sth 对……感到满意
adj.: satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory
3. treat a disease 治病
sb 对待某人
treat sb/oneself (to sth) 招待某人吃某物
This is my treat. 我请客。
4. explain/whisper sth to sb 身某人解释/耳语某事
=explain/whisper to sb sth
in a whisper=in whispers 低声地
5. character: 性格，人物，汉字
characteristic: 特征，特点
6. trouble sb to do 麻烦某人做某事
be troubled with 受……搅扰
ask/look for trouble 找麻烦
get into trouble 陷入困境
be in trouble
get out of trouble 摆脱困境
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble with sth
make trouble：闹事
take (the) trouble to do：尽力/设法做…
put sb to the trouble of doing：麻烦某人做…
7. turn on turn off 打开/关闭
turn in give/hand out 上交/分发
turn up turn down 调高/ 调低
turn around/round 转身
turn away
turn over
turn back
turn out (to be)
turn to sb/sth
7. only if…: 只有，只要…
had done──过去
if only: 要是…该多好＋ did/were──现在
would/should do 将来
did/were
8. at one time=once
at times=sometimes
at all times=always
at a time=each time
for a time=for some time
at no time
at the same time
9. supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
10. have a habit of doing
form/develop the habit of
be in the habit of
11. face the music: 临危不惧
play music=perform music
12. more than: 不仅仅，超过
more than one+n.(单)+V(单)：不止一个
More than one student likes this film.
more than+n/adj: 远非，不仅仅是…
Bamboo is used for more than building.
no more than: 只有，仅仅
not more than=at (the) most: 最多…，不超过…
more…than…：与其说…不如说…
The man is more brave than wise.
14. the next time时间名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，此外，the first time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second。
2. 几组常考的动词短语
1. get along：离开，进展，继续
get across：越过，使…让人理解
get away：逃走，逃避，得以离开
get back：回来，取回
get down：记下，吞下
get off：下车(飞机)，下班
get on：上车
get in：上车，收割，到站，插话
get up：起床，站起，(风)变猛烈
get through：(电话)接通，通过，用完，完成
get together：聚会，收集
2. take away：拿走，带走，消除(病痛等)，减去
take down：取下，记下，拆掉，吞下，病倒
take out：拔掉，切除，带(某人)出去，获得
take off：脱掉，起飞，成功
take up：占据(时间或空间)，以…作为爱好或消遣，从事
3. break away (from): 逃掉，脱离，改掉
break down：出故障，失败，中断
break in：突然进来，插嘴
break into：强行进入，插嘴
break out：突然发生，爆发
break up：解散，结束，破裂，绝交
4. come about：发生
come across：(偶然)遇见
come on(upon)：偶然碰见，出现
come on：来吧，快点，加油
come along：一道去
come in：到来，进来，上市
come out：出来，出版，有…结果
come over：来访，产生
come round：来访，到来
come to：来到，合计，苏醒，谈到
5. pick out：挑选，找出
pick up：拿起，捡起，收拾，学会；(用车)来接，去取：
改进，改善，重新开始，继续，感染(疾病，坏习惯)
6. give away：赠，送，泄露，出卖
give back：归还，送回
give in：屈服，让步，投降
give off：发出(蒸汽，光等)
give out：分发，耗尽，筋疲力尽，发出(气味，热等)
give up：放弃
7. cut down：砍倒，削减，压缩
cut in：插入，插话，插队
cut off：切断，隔断，断绝
cut out：剪成，戒掉

8. make…into(out of)…：使…成为(变成)…
make…of(from)…：由…制成…(多用被动式)
make for：往…去，有助于
make it：及时赶到，成功，做成
make out：理解，看清，填写，假装
make up：构成，编写，编造，和解，弥补，凑足，准备好
9. look about/around：环顾四周，四处看
look after：照顾，照料
look at：看，注视
look down on/upon：看不起
look for：寻找
look forward to：期盼(to为介词)
look into：调查
look like：看起来像，似乎要
look out：向外看，当心，找出
look over：审阅，翻阅，检查
look through：翻看，浏览
look to：注意，负责
look up：查阅，看望
look up to尊敬

11. bring about：引起，导致
bing back：送还，带回，使想起
bring down：降低（温度，价格）
bring on：带来，引起
bring out：取出，显示出，衬托出，出版，推出（作品）
bring through：使渡过（困难，危机）
bring up：提出，培养，呕吐
12. call at：访问（某地）
call away：叫走，转移（注意力）
call back：唤回，回电话
call for：去取（某物），去接（某人），要求，号召
call in：叫来，召集

call off：叫走，转移开，取消
call on：造访（某人）
call (up) on sb to do sth：叫（请）某人做某事，号召某人做某事
call out：大声叫（喊）
call up：（给…）打电话
14. go back：回去，回顾，回溯
go by：（从…）旁边经过，（时间、机会）过去，以…为依据
go down：下落，下降，减弱
go in for：参加（考试，比赛），从事（职业），爱好
go into：到达，进入，从事，调查
go out：出去，出国，熄灭
go over：复习演习，检查
go through：通过，检查，审查，查找，经历，做完，用完
go up：上升，上涨
15. hold back：阻止，忍住
hold out：支持，坚持
hold to：抓紧，坚持
hold up：竖起，阻碍，延误
catch/get/seize/take hold of：抓住
keep hold of：抓住，握住
16. put away：收拾，放弃，打消，存蓄
put down：放下，写下，使下车，镇压
put off：推迟，推脱，使不高兴
put on：穿，戴，上演，装（样子），开（电、灯），增加
put out：扑灭，生产，发表，使不高兴
put up：举起，撑起，架起，张贴
17. set about：开始或着做某事（+n./doing）
set out：动身，开始，想要（+to do）
set up：建立，创立，树立

第7讲
一、Language points
1. choose：选中，选出（结果）
choose from：从…中挑选
pick：挑选（小东西）
select：选择（过程）
elect：选举
vote：投票
2.　be similar to
the same as
3. light lit, lit(后置定语、状语、表语，完成时，被动态)
lighted, lighted(前前态一梦otet

)
4. celebrate+sth
in celebration of/for the celebration of：为了庆祝…
congratulate+sb+on+sth
5. give away：离开，赠送
keep away (from)：使离开
break away (from)：脱离
put away：存储
do away with：处理掉
turn away：解雇
throw away：扔掉
6. honour vt. ：尊敬，以…为荣
n. ：尊敬，(pl)光荣，荣誉
in honor of：为了纪念…，尊敬
a sense of honour：廉耻心
show honor to sb：尊敬某人
7. pain (n.)：指一般的疼痛；pains：还有“麻烦，努力”之意
ache (v)：指局部较持久的疼痛，是陷痛；
(n.)常见在复合词中：headache,stomachace
hurt vt：伤害
vi：常指精神、感情伤害；也指肉体伤害。
8. a bit/a little：一点儿，在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级
not a bit=not at all
not a little=very much
a bit of +n.(u)
a little
9. in a/one word：简言之，总之
in other words：换句话说
in words：用语言，口头上
word (u)：消息，诺言
10. s