巧记宾语从句.doc

巧记宾语从句
复习宾语从句及做与之相关的练习题时，应抓住其关键。在复习阶段，如果能按照以下三点进行，定会收到事半功倍的效果。来试一试! 一、 明确三种类型 宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：　　He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday. 2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如： Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?
3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如：
I don’t know how I can get there.
二、 理顺三个步骤
把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下三个步骤：
1. 确定引导词
根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。若从句为陈述句，则引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；若从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，则引导词为if或whether；若从句是特殊疑问句，则引导词由疑问词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。
2. 调整语序
宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。若原句是疑问句式，则应将它调整为陈述句语序。如：
1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop.
2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Do you know when he gets up?
3. 变换时态
A. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的任何时态。如：
1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow.
2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing.
B. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式（如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。如：
1) She asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon.
2) He said (that) they had a very good journey.
另外，还需考虑标点的使用和人称的变化
A. 带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点由主句来决定。若主句是陈述句，则用句号；若主句是疑问句，则用问号。如：
1) When do we arrive? We don’t know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
We don’t know when we arrive.
2) What time does the ship leave? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Do you know what time the ship leaves?
B. 需变为宾语从句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，则随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第二人称，则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称）。如：
1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me if/whether he would go there.
2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me if/whether I would go there
3) Will she go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me if/whether she would go there.
三、 加强三点注意
1. 时态不变
当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。如：
The earth goes around the sun. The teacher said. (改为宾语从句)
The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
2. “两副面孔”
if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种情况要认真分析看它们属于“两副面孔”的哪一种。当从句表示将来时, 若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
1) I don’t know if/when he will come tomorrow.(宾语从句)
2) If/When he comes, he’ll tell you about it.(状语从句)
3. 从句的简化
A. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
He agreed that he could help me with my English.
→He agreed to help me with my English.
B. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。如：
I heard that some children sang / were singing some songs.
→I heard some children sing/singing some songs.
C. 在连接代/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语相一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代/副词+不定式”结构。如：
I don’t know what I should do.
→I don’t know what to do.
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