初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案.doc

定语从句一、 初中英语重点词汇1. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如： He has many books.他有许多书。 He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。(2)a few和a little都表示有一点儿，侧重于肯定，相当于some，但a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。(3)few和little表示几乎没有，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words.他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快，没什么时间了。 2. seem/ look (1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来”。 The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。seem能与to do结构连用，而look不能。 It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。 (2) look用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。 The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。二、语法 定语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that 用法(1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？ Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 （三）、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 三、练习练习一（一） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.练习二一、单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when16. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom19. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where20. The famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever21. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that22. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which23. Is this factory _ you worked at?A. the one B. which C. that D. where24. Is this the factory _ you worked?A. where B. which C. that D. the one25. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who26. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that27. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which28. I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who29. Do you know a boy _ sister is a nurse in a hospital?A. who B. that C. whom D. whose30. Is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits?A. which B. when C. who D. where二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子1. The boys_ are playing football are from Class One. 2. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.3. Mr Liu is the person _ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor _ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 6. He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers.7. This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. 8. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.9. Where is the man _ I saw this morning? 10. The season_ comes after spring is summer. 11. I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the country. 12. He has a friend _ father is a doctor. 13. I once lived in the house _ roof has fallen in. 14. I still remember the day _ I first came to this school. 15. The time _ we got together finally arrived. 16. Shanghai is the city _ I was born. 17. The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 18. Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane. 19. The reason _ he was punished is unknown to us. 20. All the people _are present burst into tears.21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _ are well educated.22. He succeeded in the competition, _ made his parents very happy.23. The school _ he once studied is very famous. 24. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine _ you asked. 25. This is the boy _I played tennis with yesterday. 练习三1. The house _ we live is not big.A. in that B. whichC. in which D. that2. He talked about the lectures and schools _ he had visited.A. that B. whichC. who D. whom3. The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.A. to him B. whomC. to D. to that4. I who _ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.A. is B. areC. were D. am5. _ they could do was to work hard.A. All B. All whatC. All which D. That6. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?A. that B. whichC. for D. why7. The room _ windows face south is his.A. that B. whichC. whose D. whos8. The park, _ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. where B. whichC. that D. when9. The park, _ we met with him, is very nice.A. where B. whichC. that D. when10. The first time _ I saw her was in 1989.A. when B. whichC. that D. as11. Pay attention to all _ I do.A. which B. in whichC. what D. that12. Ive read all the books _ you gave me.A. which B. themC. what D. that13. Is there anything _ I can do for you?A. what B. whichC. that D. it14. The woman _ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. who B. herC. whose D. /15. The pen _ Im using _ is hers.A. which; it B. that; itC. it; / D. /16. I have the same trouble _ you have.A. that B. whichC. as D. what17. Its the very book _ I want to find.A. which B. thatC. it D. so18. He is the only one of the boys who _ English for four years.A. has learnt B. have learntC. learn D. learning19. This is one of the books _ worth reading.A. that is B. which areC. it was D. they are been20. This is the best film _ been shown this year.A. which has B. which haveC. that has D. that have21. This is the largest clock in the world, the minute have _ is six minutes long.A. where B. of whichC. that D. of that22. Can you tell me the reason _ you didnt come for yesterday?A. w