初中英语语法PPT课件.ppt

Welcome！长江师范学院张春玲1-Outline1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.过去将来时：5.过去进行时：6.过去完成时7.现在进行时：8.现在完成时：现现在在过过去去将来将来2-用法：用法：经经常性的和常性的和习惯习惯性的性的动动作作常用常用时间时间状状语语：usually,sometimes,in spring,every day,in the morning一般一般现现在在时时的的动词动词形式：形式：动词动词原形原形1.am;is;are2.have,has3.第三人称第三人称单单数形式数形式-(e)s3-肯定句：肯定句：I watch television every day.否定句：否定句：I dont watch television every day.疑疑问问句：句：Do you watch television every day.注意：注意：start,leave,go,come等的一般等的一般现现在在时时可表示按可表示按规规定要定要发发生的未生的未来来动动作，如列作，如列车车将离开。客将离开。客观观真理在从句中也用一般真理在从句中也用一般现现在在时时.4-It snows in winter.It doesnt snow in winter.Does it snow in winter?Examples:5-一般现在时的使用：1.一般一般现现在在时时表示表示总总是是、通常通常、习惯习惯性性的的动动作或状作或状态态。It snows in winter.I watch television every day.6-2.用于用于对对客客观观事事实实的普遍性的普遍性的的陈陈述。述。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.Most animals kill only for food.The world is round.7-3.某些某些动词动词的一般的一般现现在在时时表示表示说话时说话时正在正在存在存在的一种情况。的一种情况。I have only a dollar right now.He needs a pen right now.注：注：这这些些动词动词不能用于不能用于进进行行时时。8-用法：用法：过过去去时间发时间发生的或生的或过过去去经经常性的常性的动动作作常用常用时间时间状状语语：yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before，when 等引等引导导的含的含 过过去去时时的句子。的句子。动词动词构成：构成：动词过动词过去去时时（-ed）listenlistened study-studied stop-stopped come-came9-否定构成：否定构成：didnt+动动原原 didnt work used not(didnt use)to work一般疑一般疑问问构成及构成及简简答答举举例：例：Did+主主语语+动动原原+其它？其它？特殊疑特殊疑问问句句举举例：例：What did he do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?注意：注意：He has opened the door.（表示（表示过过去去“开开门门”的的动动作作对现对现在的影响是在的影响是门门还还开着）开着）He opened the door.(不能确定不能确定门现门现在是否开着在是否开着)10-1.一般一般过过去去时时表示一个表示一个动动作或情况在作或情况在过过去去某个的某个的时间时间开始和开始和结结束束.I walked to school yesterday.I bought a new car three days ago.walked,boughtnow一般过去时的使用：11-2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。Ioftengotupat6:00lastyear.I didnt walk to school yesterday.Did you walk to school yesterday?12-用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm动词构成:1.will/shall+动原2.am/is/aregoingto+动词原型3.am/is/are(about)+动词不定式4.am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shallworkam/is/aregoingtoworkam/is/are(about)toworkam/is/arecoming/leaving13-否定构成：will/shallnotam/is/arenot特殊疑问句举例:Whatwillyoudotomorrow?Whenarewegoingtohaveaclassmeeting?注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。14-1、基本结构是will/shalldo。例：Weshallsendheraglasshand-madecraftasherbirthdaygift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）2、有些动词，如：arrive,beclose,come,do,done,go,have,leave,open,play,return,sleep,start,stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：MymotheriscomingtovisitmenextweekandisstayinghereuntilMay.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）一般将来时的使用：15-3、表示“打算去，要”时，可用begoingtodo。例：ThisisjustwhatIamgoingtosay.（这正是我想说的。）4、表示“即将、正要”时，可用beabouttodo。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Dontworry,Iamabouttomakeacloseexaminationonyou.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）16-5、“betodo”的5种用法：a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。例：SheistobeseeninthelabonMonday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）b)该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should,must,oughtto,haveto），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：Youaretogotobedandkeepquiet,kids.Ourguestsarearrivinginlessthan5minutes.（孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）c)能或不能发生的事情（接近can,may）例：HowamItopaysuchadebt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）17-d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。例：Iassureyouthatthematter_asquicklyaspossible.Havealittlepatience.A.willbeattendedB.willbeattendedtoC.isattendedD.isattendedtoe)用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近ifwantto,或ifshould）例：Greatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage_avoided.A)istobeB)canbeC)willbeD)hasbeen18-用法：从用法：从过过去某去某时间时间来看将要来看将要发发生的生的动动作或状作或状态态，常用于常用于宾宾从句从句常用常用时间时间状状语语：the next week等等动词动词构成：构成：1、would/should+动动原原 2、was/were going to+动动原原 3、was/were(about)to+动动原原以以work为为例：例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were(about)to work19-否定构成：否定构成：would/should not was/were not一般疑一般疑问问构成：常用构成：常用if或或whether引引导宾导宾从从特殊疑特殊疑问问句句举举例：例：He asked what they would do the next week.IthoughtIwouldmakelotsofnewfriends.Theysaidthattheyweregoingtospendthevacationtogether.20-一、一、过过去将来去将来时时表示表示对对于于过过去某一去某一时间时间而言将要而言将要发发生的生的动动作作或存在的状或存在的状态态。would或或was/were going to+V would可用于各种人称。可用于各种人称。过去将来时的使用：21-二、二、would+V还还可表示可表示过过去的去的习惯动习惯动作，在作，在这这点上同点上同used to同同义义。When we were children,we would/used to go swimming every summer.比比较较：I used to walk to school,but now I go by bike.used to+V,指指过过去的去的习惯习惯或状或状态态，暗含的意思是，暗含的意思是“现现在不做某事了在不做某事了”。22-A:Where did you go?B:I was going to visit the park,but in the end I went to the free market.A:What was it like?B:I thought it would be busy,but it was very quiet.23-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.B.wouldC.C.was going toD.D.did三、三、I thought I was going to.表示表示“原本打算原本打算干某事干某事”。24-Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.-Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are goingB.never thought;were goingC.didnt think;were goingD.hadnt thought;were going Never thought“从未想过“，与how nice of you所表达的喜悦之情相符25-This morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go;whileB.went;whenC.was going;whileD.was just about to go;when26-We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A.leavesB.would leaveC.leftD.had left27-用法：用法：过过去某一去某一时时刻或某一段刻或某一段时间时间内正在内正在发发生生 的的动动作作常用常用时间时间状状语语：at this time yesterday,at that time,at ten oclock yesterday或或when引引导导的从句的从句动词动词构成：构成：was/were+现现在分在分词词(-ing)以以work为为例：例：was/were working28-否定构成：否定构成：was/were not+现现在分在分词词一般疑一般疑问问构成及构成及简简答答举举例例:Was/Were+主主语语+现现在分在分词词+其它？其它？Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑特殊疑问问句句举举例：例：What were you dong this time yesterday?Where was he standing when the teacher came in?29-过过去去进进行行时时：I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow30-I was walking down the street when it began to rain.I was not walking down the street when it began to rain.Were you walking down the street when it began to rain?31-用用一般一般过过去去时时或或过过去去进进行行时时填空。填空。1.I dont want to go to the zoo today 2.because it is raining.The same thing happened yesterday.I(want,not)_ to go to the zoo because it(rain)_.Exercises:32-2.I(call)_ Roger at nine last night,but he(be,not)_ at home.He(study)_ at the library.called;was not;was studying33-3.I(hear,not)_the thunder during the storm last night because I(sleep)_.didnt hear;was sleeping34-4.My brother and sister(argue)_ about something when I(walk)_ into the room.were arguing;walked35-5.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _!A.promises B.promisedC.will promise D.had promised36-6.Shirley _ a book aboutChina last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A.has written B.wroteC.had written D.was writing37-7.I dont think Jim saw me;he _ into space.A.just stared B.was just staringC.has just staredD.had just stared38-The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written;leftB.were writing;has leftC.had written;had leftD.were writing;had left39-Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.B.is makingC.C.was making D.D.makes40-用法：用法：1、过过去某去某时间时间或或动动作之前完成的作之前完成的动动作或状作或状态态(过过去的去的过过去去)。2、过过去某一去某一时间时间的的动动作延作延续续到到过过去另一去另一时间时间常用常用时间时间状状语语：by that time,by the end of ,when/before+从句，从句，said/knew/asked的的宾宾从中从中动词动词构构 成成:had+过过去分去分词词(-ed)以以work为为例：例：had worked41-否定构成否定构成:had not+过过去分去分词词一般疑一般疑问问构成：构成：Had+主主语语+过过去分去分词词+其它？其它？Yes,I had.No,I hadnt.特殊疑特殊疑问问句句举举例：例：How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?42-When we got to the theatre,they had sold all the tickets.had soldgot to the theatreNow过去的过去过过去完成去完成时时是一种与是一种与过过去去时时相比相比较较而存在的而存在的时态时态，用以表示用以表示“过过去的去的过过去去”的的动动作或状作或状态态。43-1.When we _(arrive)at the theatre,the play _(already start).arrived;had already started44-2.The police found that the house _and a lot of things_.A.has broken into;has been stolenB.had broken into;had been stolenC.has been broken into;stolenD.had been broken into;stolen45-3.Tom didnt go to hear the singer because he_ him.A.heard B.would hear C.has heard D.had heard46-4.-Why didnt you come to the party?-I_ to come,but one of my friends came to see me just then.A.wanted B.was wanting C.had wantedD.had been wanted47-5.His wife _ to catch the first train but she was too late.A.hopingB.had hopedC.has hopedD.would hopehad hoped意意为为“原希望原希望”，常用于，常用于这这一一结结构的构的动词动词有有“think,want,plan,suppose,intend”48-用法：用法：说话时说话时正在正在进进行的行的动动作或当前一段作或当前一段时间时间正在正在进进行行的的动动作作常用常用时间时间状状语语：now,these days现现在在进进行行时时中中动词动词形式：形式：am is +-ing are1、do-doing2、live-living3、重、重读闭读闭音音节节 sit-sitting drop-dropping 以以 ie 结结尾尾 die-dying lie-lying49-She is writing another book this year.并不表示并不表示说话说话的的时时候她正候她正拿着笔坐在拿着笔坐在书书桌前。桌前。50-1.现现在在进进行行时时表示一表示一项项活活动动在在说话时说话时(或或较长时间较长时间）正在）正在进进行。行。John and Mary are talking on the phone.startfinishnow51-2.现现在在进进行行时时强强调调此刻正在此刻正在进进行的行的动动作。作。一般一般现现在在时时表示不确定表示不确定时间经时间经常、反复常、反复发发生生的的动动作或状作或状态态。52-3.进进行行时时的将来用法：的将来用法：When are you leaving?=When will you leave?John and Mary are talking on the phone.John and Mary are not talking on the Phone.Are John and Mary talking on the phone?53-John and Mary are talking on the phone.John and Mary are not talking on the Phone.Are John and Mary talking on the phone?54-1.Diane(wash)_ her hair every other day or so.2.Kathy usually(sit)_ in the front row during class,but today she(sit)_in the last row.washes,sits,is sitting55-3.(Lock,you,always)_ the door to your apartment(公寓公寓)when you leave?4.I wrote to my friend last week.She hasnt answered my letter yet.I(wait,still)_ for a reply.Do you always lock,am still waiting56-5.Every morning,the sun(shine)_ in my bedroom window and(wake)_me up.shines,wakes57-6.A:Look!It(snow)_.B:Its beautiful!This is the first time Ive ever seen snow.It(snow,not,often)_ in my country.is snowing;does not often snow58-Can I help you,sir?-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it _.A.didnt workB.wont workC.cant workD.doesnt work59-Can I join the club,Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older.A.get B.will getC.C.are gettingD.D.will have got60-My cousin,Jenny,_ in New Yorktill next Saturday.A.is stayingB.has stayedC.will have stayedD.stayed61-Do you know when she _?-No,but Ill tell you as soon as she _.A.will come;comesB.comes;will comeC.will come;will comeD.comes;comes62-Look!_!A.Here the bus comesB.Here comes the busC.Here is the bus comingD.Here the bus is cominghere,there放在句子开放在句子开头头，句子主，句子主谓谓要倒装。要倒装。(如主如主语为语为代代词词，主，主谓谓不倒装不倒装)。在。在here,there引引导导的句子中，常用的句子中，常用一般一般现现在在时时代替代替现现在在进进行行时时。63-用法用法:1、发发生在生在过过去的去的动动作且作且对现对现在仍有影响的在仍有影响的动动作，作，强强调调 对现对现在的影响在的影响.2、从、从过过去一直延去一直延续续到到现现在的在的动动作作常用常用时间时间状状语语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过过去的点去的点时间时间,for+段段时间时间动词动词构成：构成：have/has+过过去分去分词词(-ed)have/has worked64-否定构成：否定构成：have/has not+过过去分去分词词一般疑一般疑问问构成：构成：Have/Has+主主语语+过过去分去分词词?特殊疑特殊疑问问句句举举例：例：What have you done recently?How long has he lived in Beijing?注意：注意：暂时暂时性性动词动词不能与不能与for,since,How long等等 表示段表示段时间时间 的短的短语语同同时时使用。使用。65-现现在完成在完成时时表示表示过过去去某某时发时发生的行生的行为对为对主主语语目目前前产产生的影响。即用生的影响。即用过过去去发发生的某个行生的某个行为为来来说说明明现现在的某种情况。在的某种情况。We are good friends.(现现在的情况）在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过过去的去的动动作）作）We have known each other since 1997.（现现在完成在完成时时把把过过去的去的动动作和作和现现在在联联系系起来并起来并着眼于着眼于现现在在）现现在完成在完成时时的用法的用法66-She has been to Beijing.(现现在已不在北京，从在已不在北京，从结结果果上和上和现现在在联联系起来）系起来）She has been in Beijing for two years.（现现在仍在北京，从在仍在北京，从时间时间上和上和现现在在联联系起来）系起来）67-现现在完成在完成时时的三种基本用法：的三种基本用法：1、未完成未完成用法。表示用法。表示动动作或状作或状态态开始于开始于过过去，去，一直延一直延续续到到现现在，可能在，可能继续发继续发展，也可能展，也可能刚刚刚刚结结束。束。He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.He has lived here all his life.a.be,live,study都是延都是延续续性性动词动词。b.常用的常用的时间时间状状语语：since,for,in the past few years,so far,all his life.68-2、反复性反复性用法，表示用法，表示过过去到去到现现在在这这段段时间时间内反复内反复发发生的生的动动作。作。I have been to the city twice this week.I have often wondered where she gets her money all these days.这这种用法从种用法从时间时间上与上与现现在在发发生了生了联联系。系。69-3、完成性用法，表示、完成性用法，表示动动作或状作或状态态到到说话时说话时已已经经完成，完成，通常通常所所产产生的生的结结果果把把过过去的去的动动作和状作和状态态和和现现在在联联系系起来。起来。He has gone to Shanghai.他已他已经经去了上海。去了上海。（结结果：他已不在果：他已不在这这儿，儿，He is not here now.）70-Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put使用现在完成时表示过去发生的“放”的动作对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在“在哪里”。71-When I was at college I _ three foreignlanguages,but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgottenB.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgottenD.had spoken;have forgotten“但都忘了但都忘了”是是现现在的情况，要用在的情况，要用现现在完成在完成时时，强强调结调结果。果。72-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had beenC.was D.will be“(for)only a few minutes”说说明几分明几分钟钟前来了前来了这这里，一直到里，一直到现现在。在。73-The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now74-表示一个事件在某个事件之前一直表示一个事件在某个事件之前一直进进行行,用于表达用于表达事件的持事件的持续续性性.You look hot and tired.Have you been exercising?Im sorry Im late.Have you been waiting long?75-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had paintedC.C.have been paintingD.D.have painted76-She _ letters all morning and felt tired.A.has been writing B.B.writesC.C.has writtenD.D.had been writing77-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.A.have been goingB.have goneC.was going toD.will have gone78-79-