定语从句小总结.doc

定语从句
【观察】
观察下列句子中划线部分的用法，然后加以总结。
1. The thought of going back home was all that kept him happy while he was working abroad.
2. We heard clearly every word that he said.
3. When people talk about Anhui, the first that comes to mind is the Huangshan Mountain.
4. The first thing that should be done is to get the money.
5. This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.
6. This is the very dictionary that I want to find.
7. Alice described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.
8. Which is the car that caused the accident?
9. I will take the yellow one, which seems to be the best.
10. The old lady has two daughters, who work in the same hospital.
11. As I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
【总结】
1. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不能用which。
① 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时或先行词被all, any, no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如第1句和第2句。
② 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如第3句和第4句。
③ 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时。如第5句。
④ 当先行词被the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如第6句。
⑤ 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如第7句。
⑥ 当主句是以which, who开头的特殊疑问句时。如第8句。
2. 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。如第9句和第10句。
3. as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。

【观察】
观察下列句子中划线部分的用法，然后加以总结。
1. Don’t wake anyone who is sleeping.
2. Men fall in love with women (whom/that) they are afraid to lose.
3. There once lived an old queen whose husband had been dead for many years, and she had a beautiful daughter.
4. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
5. We went through a period in which communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
6. The friends with whom I sat on the graduation day have been my friends for life.
7. This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers and scientists.
8. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.
9. The forest, most of which is inside a famous butterfly reserve, has also thrived.
10. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.
【总结】
1. 关系代词who, whom和whose的用法
① 当先行词指人，在从句中作主语时，关系词用who，不可省略。如第1句。
② 当先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词用whom/that，可以省略。如第2句。
③ 当先行词指人或物，在定语从句中作定语时，关系词用whose，不可省略。如第3句和第4句。
2. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即“介词＋which/whom”。如第5句和第6句。
3. “the+名词+of+关系代词which”表示所有关系，口语中常用“whose +名词”代替，非正式文体中可以用“of which＋the +名词”。如第7句和第8句。
4. “表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句。如第9句和第10句。

【观察】
观察下列句子中划线部分的用法，然后加以总结。
1. That’s the reason why she left home.
2. On many an occasion when I’m dancing, I’ve felt touched by something sacred.
3. The university set up a center where illiterate adults could learn to read.
4. We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
5. Do you still remember the national park that/which was built in 2009?
6. Do you still remember the national park where we first met in 2009?
【总结】
1. 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。
① 当先行词是表示时间的名词时，when=表示时间的介词(如in, at, during等)＋which。如第2句。
② 先行词是表示地点的名词时，where=表示地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which。如第3句。
③ 先行词是表示原因的名词时，why=表示原因的介词(如for)＋which；在非限制性定语从句中用for which替换。如第1句。
2. 当先行词是case, point, stage, situation, position, career, business, activity等模糊的地点，表示某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面，定语从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导。如第4句。
3. 选择引导词时，最重要的是分析定语从句中的成分，若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，那么必须用关系代词，如第5句。若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，那么须用关系副词。如第1、2、3、4、6句。
【小试牛刀】
一、用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. This is the firm 　 　　 we talked about yesterday.
2. — Where did you find Jim ?
— It was in the hospital 　 　　 he once worked.
3. There is a reason 　 　　 I mention something that seems so obvious.
4. Australia is one of the few countries 　 　　 people drive on the left.
5. Do you still remember the very library 　 　　 we visited three years ago?
6. The house 　 　　 door faces west belongs to my uncle.
7. Helen is a brilliant student, one 　 　　 will be successful whatever career she chooses.
8. This is the factory 　 　　 my mother once lived in.
9. He 　 　　 doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
10. Her son has become a professor, 　 　　 she wanted to be.
11. 　　 is reported in the newspaper, more than 300 people died in the earthquake.
12. Joan was admitted into Harvard University, 　 　　 she had hoped.
13. Which book is the one 　 　　 author has won the Nobel Prize for Literature?
14. I value the time 　 　　 I can stay with all of you very happily.
15. Everything 　 　　 he saw in that country impressed him very much.
二、下列每句各有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1. Carl told me the reason, why he didn’t lend me his phone.

2. Yesterday I bought an interesting book, which cover is very beautiful.

3. It is in this mountain village where James was born 40 years ago that he will build his first school, what inspires everyone to help him.

4. My elder sister once worked in a school, after that she went abroad for further study.

5. I went to bed at ten, before which I had been playing computer games for two hours.

6. Which he had hoped, Oliver was invited to the ceremony.

7. This kind of CD, you can get at any bookshop, will give you some pleasure.

8. Her parents give her a new watch for her birthday, which please her a lot.

9. In his firm, there are 30 workers, the youngest of which is Colin.

10. Edward likes to ask his teacher difficult and strange questions, that makes his teacher angry.

参考答案：
一、1. which/that 2. where 3. why 4. where
5. that 6. whose 7. who 8. that/which
9. who 10. which 11. As 12. as/which
13. whose 14. when 15. that
二、1. 去掉“，” 2. 把which改成whose
3. 把what改成which 4. 把that改成which
5. 把which改成when 6. 把Which改成As
7. 在第一个you之前加上which 8. 把please改成pleases
9. 把which改成whom 10. 把that改成which