雅思写作-大作文introduction的写法PPT课件.ppt

12021雅思写作 大作文基本写法介绍大作文基本写法介绍22021大作文评分标准大作文评分标准（1）Task Achievement the number of words avoid digression（2）Lexical Resources use 7/8 big words use words in right situation（3）Grammar Range and Accuracy a mixture of tenses high level of grammar（4）Coherence and Cohesion between sentences and paragraphs32021大作文类型大作文类型雅思大作文三大类型五种常见题目问法雅思大作文三大类型五种常见题目问法1）观点类（要求考生提出自己的观点）观点类（要求考生提出自己的观点）A（To some extent）do you agree or disagree？O Whats your opinion?2）讨论类（要求考生讨论一个事物的两个方面，也就是优点和缺点）讨论类（要求考生讨论一个事物的两个方面，也就是优点和缺点）DDiscuss both views.TDiscuss（Tell）advantages and disadvantages.3）问题（解决）类（不需要考生讨论，只需要阐述问题产生的原因和解决方法）问题（解决）类（不需要考生讨论，只需要阐述问题产生的原因和解决方法）PWhat caused this problem and what solutions can solve this problem？42021大作文类型大作文类型观点类观点类观点类观点类：题目讲述某种社会问题，提出某项观点或者某两个对立观点，问：题目讲述某种社会问题，提出某项观点或者某两个对立观点，问作者观点，文章侧重作者本人的观点，所以重点是详述自己的观点。例：作者观点，文章侧重作者本人的观点，所以重点是详述自己的观点。例：Environmental protection is a key issue in todays world.Some say the protection is an effort that should be done at international level.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Health is a basic right for all citizens and therefore should be offered to all people free of charge.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Give your reasons for your answer.52021大作文类型大作文类型观点类观点类 观点类：观点类：1.支持一边支持一边:第一段第一段:背景句背景句+改写题目改写题目+本人立场本人立场 第二段第二段:支持该观点的原因支持该观点的原因1:总括（功能性的句子）总括（功能性的句子）+首先（解释首先（解释 +举例），其次（举例），其次（A+B）第三段第三段:支持该观点的原因支持该观点的原因2:（具体同上）（具体同上）第四段第四段:支持该观点的原因支持该观点的原因3:（具体同上）（具体同上）第五段：总结观点第五段：总结观点62021大作文类型大作文类型观点类观点类2.两边论证：两边论证：第一段：背景句第一段：背景句+改写题目改写题目+本人立场本人立场第二段：正面观点第二段：正面观点+原因原因第三段：正面观点第三段：正面观点+原因原因第四段：反面观点第四段：反面观点+原因原因第五段：总结观点第五段：总结观点72021大作文类型大作文类型讨论类讨论类讨论类：题目涉及到某个问题的两方对立观点，题目要求两方观点都要讨论，并给出自己的讨论类：题目涉及到某个问题的两方对立观点，题目要求两方观点都要讨论，并给出自己的观点，所以两个观点均需要给出理由。观点，所以两个观点均需要给出理由。例：例：Advertising is playing an important role in our modern society and we are confronted with various advertisements on a daily basis.Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?Some people think that culture traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed to tourists.Others believe that it is the only way that traditions can be remained in the world.Discuss both and give your own opinion.82021大作文类型大作文类型讨论类讨论类讨论类：讨论类：1.作者观点与题目中的观点之一相同：作者观点与题目中的观点之一相同：第一段：背景句第一段：背景句+改写题目改写题目+本人立场本人立场第二段：正面观点第二段：正面观点+原因原因第三段：反面观点第三段：反面观点+原因原因（23）第四段：总结观点第四段：总结观点2.作者观点与题目中的观点都不相同：作者观点与题目中的观点都不相同：第一段：背景句第一段：背景句+改写题目改写题目+本人立场本人立场第二段：正面观点第二段：正面观点+原因原因 第三段：反面观点第三段：反面观点+原因原因第四段：自己观点论述第四段：自己观点论述第五段：总结第五段：总结92021大作文类型大作文类型问题解决类问题解决类问题与解决类：题目提出某种问题，问这种问题的发生原因和解决措施，不问题与解决类：题目提出某种问题，问这种问题的发生原因和解决措施，不涉及观点。涉及观点。例：例：There is a gap between living in the city and the countryside.What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced?Recent figures of crimes committed by young people are incresing in major cities throughout the world.Discuss the possible reasons and how to solve it?102021大作文类型大作文类型问题解决类问题解决类问题解决类：问题解决类：写法一：写法一：第一段第一段:背景句背景句+改写题目改写题目+文章内容文章内容第二段第二段:原因原因1+措施措施1 第三段第三段:原因原因2+措施措施2 第四段第四段:原因原因3+措施措施3第五段第五段:总结建议总结建议+预测预测写法二：写法二：第一段第一段:背景句背景句+改写题目改写题目+文章内容文章内容第二段第二段:原因原因1，2,3第三段第三段:措施措施1，2,3第四段第四段:总结建议总结建议+预测预测112021大作文结构大作文结构引言段引言段:3-4句句a.文章背景文章背景b.改写题目改写题目c.个人立场或中间主体部分的简单描述个人立场或中间主体部分的简单描述主体段：（两到三段，一般每段四到五句）主体段：（两到三段，一般每段四到五句）topic sentence（1句）句）supporting sentences closing sentence结论段：结论段：2句句总结文章内容及作者观点总结文章内容及作者观点122021大作文开头大作文开头讨论类和观点类文章的开头：讨论类和观点类文章的开头：Sentence1：background（general statement）背景句）背景句Sentence2：rephrase the topic（thesis statement）改写题目）改写题目Sentence3：personal opinion or brief description of the main body 个人观点或者主体部分的简单描述个人观点或者主体部分的简单描述132021大作文开头大作文开头一、背景句写法：一、背景句写法：确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。为中心，写一句介绍性的话。例：例：Some people who have been successful in the society dont attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge(that)they learnt from their university.Do you agree or disagree?分析：分析：关键信息关键信息 personal success，theoretical knowledge，那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句。那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句。142021大作文开头大作文开头开头句一：开头句一：People have long been interested in identifying theforces that contribute to personal achievement.开头句二：开头句二：The importance of theoretical knowledge to onessuccess is a matter for debate.152021大作文开头大作文开头练习：练习：The advertising is discouraging people from being different individuals and makes people to be or seem to be the same.Do you agree or disagree?162021大作文开头大作文开头参考答案：参考答案：开头句一：开头句一：The influence of advertising on our buying behaviors is a subject matter.开头句二：开头句二：In recent years,much more attention than ever before has been paid to the influence of advertising on our buying behaviors.172021大作文开头大作文开头二、改写题目方法：二、改写题目方法：1.加上常用句型加上常用句型2.改变句子成分的顺序改变句子成分的顺序3.改变句子成分改变句子成分182021大作文开头大作文开头例题：例题：Police in Britain do not carry guns.Some people believe that it will make citizens unprotected,but some suggest that it would reduce violence in society.Discuss those two views.分析：分析：假设背景句是假设背景句是In some countries，such as Britain,it is a convention that police do not carry guns.192021大作文开头大作文开头改写题目：改写题目：1、加加上上常常用用句句型型：There is a perception that it will make citizens unprotected,while a counter argument is that it would reduce violence in society.2、改改变变句句子子成成分分的的顺顺序序：Some people think that citizens would be unprotected,while some suggest that violence could be reduced.3、改改变变句句子子成成分分：Some people think that it fails to protect citizens while some suggest that it would minimize violence in society.202021大作文开头大作文开头三、第三句写法三、第三句写法（个人观点或者文章主体内容的简单阐述）（个人观点或者文章主体内容的简单阐述）例例：Children in secondary school study international news as a subject,but some think thats a waste of time.Discuss both views and give your opinion.分分析析：题题目目讨讨论论的的话话题题是是international news。背背景景句句可可写写成成：International news represents one of the main sources of information from which we discover what it happening around the world.改改写写题题目目后后的的句句子子：However,when it comes to including it in the curriculum at secondary school,there is an ongoing debate.212021大作文开头大作文开头第三句写法一：第三句写法一：支支持持：My personal view is that studying international news is of benefits to students.反对：反对：I am not convinced that.第三句写法二：第三句写法二：讨讨论论两两个个方方面面：There are some points in both sides./Personally，both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration as follows.222021大作文开头大作文开头问题解决类的文章开头：问题解决类的文章开头：与与其其他他两两类类的的题题目目的的不不同同主主要要在在于于：问问题题解解决决类类主主要要是是针针对对问问题题的的产产生生原原因因和和解解决决方方法法。背背景景句句和和其其他他两两类类题题目目差差不不多多，但但是是第第二二三三句句有有很很大大不不同同。结结构构一一般般是是：背背景景句句+改改写写题题目目（写写出出关关注注这个问题的直接原因）这个问题的直接原因）+文章要讨论的内容。文章要讨论的内容。例例：What are the causes and solutions of the problem of the scarcity of water resource?232021大作文开头大作文开头分析：分析：1.题目讨论的是题目讨论的是water shortage（水资源的短缺），（水资源的短缺），围绕这个词组围绕这个词组写出背景句：写出背景句：Water shortage is one of the most challengingissues to address in many countries.2.改改写写题题目目：there are some factors leading to this problem that.3.最后一句概况文章讨论的内容：最后一句概况文章讨论的内容：Some of the most commonfactors will be discussed below,followed by some effectivesolutions.242021大作文开头大作文开头练习：练习：There is a gap between living in the city and living in the countryside.What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced?252021大作文主体大作文主体主体段：主体段：Topic sentence中心句中心句Supporting sentence支持句：拓展、解释和论证中心句支持句：拓展、解释和论证中心句Closing sentence总结句（可有可无）总结句（可有可无）思路拓展思路拓展寻找分论点的十大原则寻找分论点的十大原则论证方法论证方法8大论证方法大论证方法262021大作文结论大作文结论结论段做到以下三点：结论段做到以下三点：a重新阐述你的观点和立场重新阐述你的观点和立场b重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点c不要加入新的内容不要加入新的内容272021大作文结论大作文结论例例题题：Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?各段中心句：各段中心句：1.One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products.2.Meanwhile,advertising serves to stimulate consumption and contributes to economic development.3.Despite its importance,there is no denying that every now and then,advertising leads consumers into an impulsive purchase,thereby causing wasteful spending.282021大作文结论大作文结论结论段：结论段：In the light of these facts,advertising plays an essential role in society,not only making consumers well-informed buyers but also fostering economic development.However,consumers should beware of the misleading nature of advertising.292021