英语中考常考的语法知识点.doc

中考语法知识点（非常重要）：
一．冠词
1. an umbrella, an uncle, an unpleasant trip
2. a uniform, a university, a unit, a UFO, a useful book
3. an hour, an honest boy
4. an “a”( e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x) , a “b”( c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z)
5. a European country
6. Children’s Day, May Day, the Spring Festival
7. —I lost the book I bought last week.— Is it a black one?
二．名词
1. 名词单复数: many sheep, few deer, several Japanese, a few geese, two mice； radios, photos
2. 名词所有格: Tom and Mary’s father, Tom’s and Mary’s fathers
the key to the door, the answer to the question；Teachers’ Day, Mother’s Day
ten minutes’ walk, a five-day holiday, five days’ holiday
3. 不可数名词: weather、news、information、advice、music、fun、room(空间)、work
(cf: a message, He likes reading newspapers)
There is an orange on the table. two bottles of orange an orange dress
4. 名词作定语: shoe shops, women doctors, men nurses, girl students
5. three Englishmen, a few Germans, many Americans
6. a piece of bread a box of oranges a pair of shoes
four pieces of bread two boxes of oranges five pairs of shoes
三．数词:
1. thousands of, three hundred
2. two thirds, three quarters, one fifth
3. ninth, twelfth, fortieth
4. in the 1860s/ 1860’s (19世纪60年代), in her forties
5. Bus No. 112, the second lesson, Lesson Two; the twenty-first century
6. another two boys=two more boys
四．代词
1. 人称代词: his, hers, mine: His watch is new. It isn’t his. a friend of mine/ hers/ Li Ming’s
2. 疑问代词: how soon---in; how often---seldom, twice a month;
how long---(for); how many times---twice, four times
3. what to do; how to do it
4. what没范围, which有范围
5. all/both/none/neither/any/either的区别:
Both of the twins are teachers, but neither of them likes teaching.
All of the doctors have to learn French, but none of them likes it.
There are many tall trees on the both sides of the road / river.(either side, each side)
6. other, the other, others, the others, another: some…others, (two)one…the other
The shoes are nice, I want to buy another pair.
7. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Dongguan.
The students in Dongguan is better than those in Beijing.
8. We found it interesting to learn English.
五．介词
1. be friendly to, be strict with sb., be full of, be filled with
2. in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
on a cold morning on a hot afternoon on the evening of June 22 on Christmas Day
3. It looks nice on you. a woman with glasses,
4. It’s nice of you to say so. It’s necessary for us to remember more words.
5. Japan is to the east of China. Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong.
6. walk across the bridge/ street; swim across the river
go through the traffic lights/ forest/ jungle/ city
7. All the students went to the park except John, because he was ill.
I need 2 more students besides John to do the work.
六． 形容词和副词
1. An elephant is (very, quite, so, too) big.
2. A friend of mine is as heavy as me. He is not so/ as tall as her.
3. much+比较级, much more+原形: He is much fatter that her. He is much more confident than her.
4. 一些特殊的句型：
1） Jim is the taller of the two (boys).
2） Our school is much (far/ still/ even/ a lot/a little) more beautiful than yours.
3） The earlier, the better.
4） When summer comes, the weather gets hotter and hotter.
5） Today English is becoming more and more important.
6） He is 2 kilos heavier than I.
7） The weather in Guangzhou is always warmer than that in Beijing.
8） The students in our school are more than those in your school.
9） Paris is one of the liveliest cities in the world.
10) .The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
5. He is careful enough. He does everything carefully.
6. the poor, the old, the rich, the dead, the young: The young are always energetic.
七．情态动词:
1. —Must I…?—No, you needn’t/ don’t have to.
2. —I am not sure. It may…
3. must:交通规矩，规章制度； 表肯定猜测“一定”
4. can’t: 表猜测“肯定不是”：The lady over there can’t be our teacher. She has gone to Shanghai.
八．连词： but, however, or(否则)， unless（除非）， not…until
九．被动语态
1. I wasn’t told about this.
2. The old should be spoken politely.
3. She was taken to the hospital in time.
4. 没有被动：happen, take place, 连词动词，belong to
十. 现在完成时（注意用延续性动词）
1. How long have you had the car? I bought it half a month ago.
2. The film has been on for ten minutes.
3. —Sorry. The boss isn’t here. He has gone to Guangzhou.
4. So far, his father has been there many times.
5. He has been in America for twenty years.
6. The boy has learned six languages since two years ago.
7. Guangdong has changed a lot in the past few years.
十一. 主将从现:
主将 从现
will/ be going to/ be doing if(如果)
祈使句（do, don’t …） + as soon as + 一般现在时
含情态动词 until/unless 现在完成时
when/ before/ after
1. I won’t go to bed unless my homework is finished.
2. Please tell me the truth if you know.
3. We must wait if they are late.
十二. 感叹句
1. What an exciting football game we watched!
2. What expensive houses!
3. What beautiful music! What important information!
4. How funny the story is!
十三. 非谓语动词
1. tell/ask sb. (not) to do,
2. see/watch/hear sb do, see/watch/hear sb doing
3. make sb. (not)do； let sb. do
4. have sth. done: My computer is broken. I want to have it repaired.
5. you’d better do /not do: You’d better not laugh at others.
6. why not do sth.?
十四. 定语从句
先行词
关系代词或副词
人
who(主\宾)，whom(宾)，whose（“谁的”）， that
物
which, that
只用that：①all, anything, everything, something②the first, the ninth, the best, the most expensive③the only, the very④the person and the thing
地点作状语
where
时间作状语
when
原因
(the reason) why
1. This is the place where he was born. 3. I can’t forget the days when we studied together.
2. This is the place that/ which he visited. 4. I can’t forget the days that/ which we spent together.
十五. there be: There will be, there is going to be, There is…, isn’t there?
十六. 宾语从句:
1. 陈述句语序
2. 时态（注意真理）例外：Could you tell me when she will arrive?
3. 连接词：that, if/whether(or not), what/how/which…
4. I don’t know what happened to him./ who broke the window/ what’s wrong with him.
十七. 反意疑问句
1. Let’s go boating, shall we? Don’t play in the street, will you?
2. Pass me some salt, will you?
3. The guests have to go, don’t they? He’s read many books written by Luxun, hasn’t he?
4. 否定词：seldom, hardly, few, little, never, nothing, nobody
十八. 连系动词
1. feel, smell, sound, taste, look; seem, stay, keep + adj
2. 没有被动：The food tastes bad.
十九. 主谓一致：
1. 就近原则：Neither he nor I have been to the USA. Either she or I am going to study abroad.
Not only his parents but also his sister is an engineer.
There are some people and a dog on the beach. There is a dog and some people on the beach.
2. 就远原则: with/ together with/ besides/ except/but(除…之外)/ as well as/ including…
3. 金钱、距离、时间表单数：100 dollars is not enough.
二十. 交际
1. —Would you mind my sitting beside you?
不介意：—No, of course not. / Certainly not / Not at all.
介意：—Sorry, but …/you’d better not.
2. 回答sorry：Never mind. / it doesn’t matter./ Not at all./That’s all right.
3. 回答thank you：It’s my pleasure. /You’re welcome./ That’s all right.
4. That’s right. 那是对的。 All right. 好吧。 You’re right. 你是对的。
That’s all right. 别人表歉意或谢意时可以用，意为"没关系"或"不用谢"
二十一. 辨别：
1. be made of /be made from /be made by sb. /be made in +地点
be made of 由…制成(可看出原材料) The coat is made of silk. The desk is made of wood.
be made from 由…制成(不能看出原材料)Paper is made from bamboo.
2.a number of ≈ a lot of +名词复数:A number of students are playing.
the number of +名词: …的数量 (第三人称单数) The number of the students in our class is 56.
3. sometimes 有时 sometime 某时
some times 几次 some time 一段时间
4. so(否定：neither) +be/情态动词/助动词+主语 …也是，…也一样
so(否定：neither) +主语+be/情态动词/助动词 …确实如此
5. succeed(v.), successful(adj.), success(n. )
6. die (v.), dead(adj.), death(n. ): He has been dead for ten years
7. ill/ sick: She is ill/ sick. a sick man
8. so that / such that 句型 （so many people, so interesting a boy=such an interesting boy）
9. used to do 过去常常做某事
be/get used to doing习惯做某事
be used to do/ for doing 被用来做
be used as 被用作…
10. It / Sth takes sb to do 花时间; Sth cost 花钱
Sb spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth/on sth; Sb pay for 付钱

注意以下单词的拼写:
自豪的adj.
proud
语言n.
language
掉下来v.
fall--fell--fallen
真实的adj.
true
乱丢垃圾v.
litter
感觉v.
feel--felt--felt
相信v.
believe

决定n.
decision

初中英语常用词组 

一,动词词组(包括短语动词),介词词组和其他词组
(一)由be构成的词组
1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出

2)be at home/work 在家/上班
3)be good at 善于,擅长于
4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细
5)be covered with 被……复盖
6)be ready for 为……作好准备
7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶
8)be interested in 对……感到举
9)be born 出生
10)be on 在进行,在上演, (灯)亮着
11)be able to do sth. 能够做……
12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……)
13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气
14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意)
15)be famous for 以……而著名
16)be strict in (with) (对工作,对人)严格要求 
17)be from 来自……,什么地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 担忧
20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……
21)be covered with 被……所覆盖……
22)be in (great) need of (很)需要

23)be in trouble 处于困境中
24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做……
25)be late for ……迟到 
26)be made of (from) 由……制成
27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
28)be free 空闲的,有空
29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……)
(二)由come,do,get,give,go,have,help,keep,make,look,put,set,send,take,turn,play等动词构成的词组
1)come back 回来
2)come down 下来
3)come in 进入,进来
4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来 
5)come out出来 
6)come out of 从……出来 
7)come up 上来 
8)come from 来自…… 
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业
10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读 
11)do one's best 尽力 
12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除)
13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操 
15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 
16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 
17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好
19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 
20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) 
21)get back 返回 
22)get rid of 除掉,去除 
23)get in 进入,收集 
24)get on/off 上/下车 
25)get to 到达 
26)get there 到达那里 
27)give sb. a call 给……打电话 
28)give a talk 作报告 
29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) 
30)give back 归还,送回 
31)give……some advice on 给……一些忠告 
32)give lessons to 给……上课 
33)give in 屈服 
34)give up 放弃 
35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会 
36)give a message to…… 给……一个口信 
37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧 
38)go to the cinema 看电影 
39)go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)
40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学) 
41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病 
42)go over 过一遍,复习/ go over to 朝……走去 
43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西
44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿) 
45)go round 顺便去,绕道走 
46)go up 上去 
47)go out for a walk 外出散步
48)go on (doing) 继续(做……) 
49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作 
50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼
51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了
52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会 
53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛 
54)have dictation 听见 
55)have a try 试一试 
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴 
57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会) 
58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告 
59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶) 
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 
61)have a meal three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭) 
62)have a dinner 吃正餐 
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶 
64)have (have got) a headache 头痛 
65)have a fever 发烧 
66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)
67)have a look (at) 看一看…… 
68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)
69)have a talk 谈话 
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
71)have sports 进行体育锻炼
72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会 
73)have something done 让人(请人)做……
74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试 
75)have an idea 有了个主意 
76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……)
77)have a word with 与……谈几句话
78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做 
79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉 
80)help each other 互相帮助
81)keep up with 跟上……,不落后于…… 
82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静 
83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……
84)keep one's diary 记日记
85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声) 
86)make a living 谋生 
87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做…… 
88)make faces (a face)做鬼 
89)make friends (with)与……交朋友 
90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误 
91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方 
92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句 
93)make a fire 生火 
94)be made from/of 由……制成 
95)be made in 在……地方制造 
96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面) 
97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典 
98)look up 往上看,仰望 
99)look after 照管,照看,照顾 
100)look for 寻找
101)look like 看上去像 
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑 
103)look out 当心,小心 
104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待 
105)look around 朝四周看 
106)look at 看着…… 
107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧) 
108)put up 建造搭起,挂起,举起, 
109)put into 使进入,输入
110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于 
111)put…down… 把……放下 
112)put…into… 把……译成 
113)set up 竖起,建起 
114)set off 出发,动身 
115)set out 出发 
116)set an example for 为……树立榜样 
117)send for 派人去请(叫) 
118)send out 放出,发出 
119)end up 把……往上送,发射 
120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告 
121)take out 拿出,取出 
122)take down 拿下 
123)take place 发生 
124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务 
125)take the place of 代替…… 
126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 
127)take it easy 别紧张 
128)take sth. with sb. 随身带着
129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 
130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管 
131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 参加考试 
133)take away 拿走 
134)take back 收回,带回 
135)take hold of 抓住…… 
136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉 
137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动) 
138)take photos 拍照 
139)take some medicine 服药 
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船 
141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等) 
142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等) 
143)turn in 交出,上交 
144)turn…into… 变成 
145)turn to 翻到,转向 
146)turn down (把音量)调低 
147)turn…over 把……翻过来 
148)play basketball 打篮球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球 
149)play games 做游戏 
150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴) 
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑
(三)由其他动词构成的词组 
153)think over 仔细考虑
154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处 
155)eat up 吃完,吃光 
156)do well in 在……干得好
157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事 
158)find out 发现,查出(真相等)
159)finish off 吃完,喝完 
160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 
161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 
162)hold a meting 举行会议 
163)hold up 举起 
164)hurry up 赶快,快点 
165)enter for 报名参加 
166)laugh at 嘲笑 
167)be used to 习惯于 
168)used to 过去常常 
169)wake…up 唤醒 
170)work out 算出 
171)sth happen to sb 某人发生某事
172)sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事
二,动词短语,介词短语和其他词组 
1)ask for 向……要……,请求 
2)ask for leave 请假 
3)send for 派人去请(叫) 
4)pay for 付……的款
5)wait for 等候 
6)thank for 为……感谢 
7)apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 
8)look for 寻找 
9)leave…for 离开……去…… 
10)fall off 跌落
11)catch cold 着凉,伤风 
12)catch up with 赶上 
13)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见 
14)filled……with 把……装满 
15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
16)talk abo