电极蒸汽锅炉系统安装使用维护说明.doc

辅助锅炉房电锅炉项目

系统安装使用维护说明

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2011-08-28
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2011.08.28

Zander & Ingeström AB 77

系统说明

Table of Content目录
1 Functions of the System系统功能 6
1.1 Safety classified functions安全分类功能 6
1.2 Operational Functions运行功能 6
2 General Description of the System系统一般说明 7
2.1 System系统 7
2.1.1 Feed water System (QHG) 给水系统 7
2.1.2 Evaporation System (QHA) 汽化系统 7
2.1.3 Blow down System (QHE) 排污系统 9
2.1.4 Chemical Dosing System (QCC, QCF) 化学加药系统 9
2.1.5 Sampling System (QUB) 取样系统 10
2.1.6 Compressed / Instrument Air System (QHP) 压缩空气/仪表系统 10
2.2 Main Components主要部件 11
2.2.1 Deaerator/Feed water tank除氧器/给水箱 11
2.2.2 Feed water pumps给水泵 11
2.2.3 Boilers锅炉 11
2.2.4 Circulation pumps循环泵 12
2.2.5 Make-up water pumps补水泵 12
2.2.6 Blow down tank排污罐 12
3 Operation of the system系统运行 13
3.1 Normal system operating conditions系统正常运行工况 13
3.2 Abnormal system operating conditions系统异常运行工况 14
3.3 Normal plant operating conditions电站正常运行工况 15
3.4 Abnormal plant operating conditions电站异常运行工况 15
3.4.1 Effects on the ASGS at failure or malfunctions in associated systems因ASGS故障或辅助系统故障产生的影响 15
4 System Design系统设计 16
4.1 General Design Basis总体设计基础 16
4.1.1 Codes and Standards规范和标准 16
4.1.2 Safety Classification安全等级 16
4.1.3 Safety related design criteria相关安全设计标准 16
4.1.4 Protection against Internal Hazards内部危害防护 16
4.1.5 Protection against external hazards外部危害防护 17
4.1.6 Ambient conditions环境条件 17
4.2 Component Design Basis部件设计基础 17
4.3 Installation安装 18
4.4 Materials材料 18
4.5 Electrical and Control Equipment电气和控制设备 18
4.5.1 Automatic Control and On/Off Functions自动控制和开关功能 19
4.5.1.1 Boiler锅炉: 19
4.5.1.1.1 Start & stop sequences启停顺序 19
4.5.1.1.2 Pressure, power and level control of boiler锅炉的压力 20
4.5.1.1.3 Circulation pump循环泵 21
4.5.1.1.4 Volume control of boiler锅炉水量调节 22
4.5.1.1.5 Feed water pump给水泵 23
4.5.1.1.6 Min. boiler pressure and reduced pressure最小锅炉压力和减压 23
4.5.1.1.7 Conductivity control导电性控制 24
4.5.1.1.8 Bottom blow down (sludge removal) 锅炉底部排污（污泥清除） 25
4.5.1.1.9 Deaerating the boiler锅炉排气 25
4.5.1.1.10 Warm up valves steam line蒸汽管道上的暖管阀 26
4.5.1.1.11 Cooling the protective cage安全箱的冷却 26
4.5.1.1.12 Heating of boiler during hot standby锅炉热备用期间加热 27
4.5.1.2 Feed water tank:除氧器: 27
4.5.1.2.1 Pressure control of feed water tank除氧器压力的控制 27
4.5.1.2.2 Level control of feed water tank and makeup water pumps除氧器和补水泵的液面控制 28
4.5.1.2.3 Overflow control of feed water tank除氧器的溢流控制 29
4.5.1.2.4 Standby operation备用操作 29
4.5.1.2.5 Deaerating排气 29
4.5.1.3 Water treatment (Dosing): 水处理（加药） 30
4.5.1.3.1 Hydrazine, (N2H4) 联氨 30
4.5.1.3.2 Trisodium Phosphate, (crystallized 98% Na3PO4 +12H2O) 磷酸三钠，（98%的结晶Na3PO4 +12H2O） 30
4.5.1.3.3 Blow down tank cooling排污罐冷却 31
4.5.2 Measurements其他 31
4.5.3 Alarm functions报警功能 34
4.5.3.1 Common for ASGS ASGS的常见状况 37
4.5.3.2 Boilers锅炉 37
4.5.3.3 Feed water tank除氧器 37
4.5.3.4 Dosing tanks加药罐 37
4.5.4 Signal Exchange towards MCR指向MCR的信号交换 39
4.6 Associated Systems相关系统 49
5 General operational aspects一般操作方面 50
6 Technical System Specification系统技术规范 51
7 References参考文献 53
8 Appendices附录 54
•

1.Functions of the System系统功能描述
•1.1 perational Functions使用功能
The Auxiliary steam generating system (QH), by means of two medium voltage electrode boilers, supplies steam to the auxiliary steam system during main plant outage, start-up and shutdown, when steam from the main steam system, or other sources, is not available.
本辅助蒸汽系统（QH系统）采用两台中压电极锅炉在总电站运行中断、开启、停止期间，以及主蒸汽系统或其他来源的蒸汽不可用时，向辅助蒸汽系统提供蒸汽。

In order to achieve the required fast startup and steam production, the system will normally be in standby operation, at normal operational pressure and temperature by means of low voltage electrical elements (immersion heaters) fitted in the boilers and feed water tank.
为达到快速启动和产生蒸汽要求，本系统通常会处于备用状态，维持正常操作压力和温度。这些工作将由安装在锅炉和除氧器内的380V低压电气元件（备用加热器）完成。

•2General Description of the System系统一般说明
2.1 System系统说明
•2.1.1Feed water System (QHG)锅炉给水系统（QHG系统）
Make-up water, demineralized water (QHC) is fed to the feed water tank (00QHJ10 BB010) by make-up water pumps to the sprayer, which is part of the feed water tank.
除氧器（00QHJ10 BB010）的补水是除盐水（QHC系统），是由补水泵（00QHC11 AP001/00QHC12AP001）和除氧器喷嘴之间的设备完成的。

Excess steam/gas flows from the deaerator through a pipe that connects with the safety valve’s blow-off pipe. A manually shut-off valve (00QHJ10 AA002) on this pipe will be closed after when there is no filling of the tank. Two orifice plates (00QHJ10 BP003/004) is fitted to optimize the flow of the excess steam. During standby operation the valve is closed, in order to save energy.
除氧器内的过量蒸汽及其他气体通过排气管道排出。在除氧器内充水后，此管道上的手动切断阀(00QHJ10 AA002)关闭。两个孔板(00QHJ10 BP003/004)将调整成最有利于过量蒸汽排出的状态。为了节能，在设备备用期间此阀门将处于关闭状态。
The feed water tank’s water level is maintained by regulating the control valve (00QHC10 AA003) for the demineralized makeup water to the feed water tank. Control signal 0-100% regulates the makeup water valve 0-100%.
除盐补水在除氧器内的水位是通过调节控制阀(00QHC10 AA003)来维持的。控制信号0-100%调节补水阀0-100%。
The feed water tank’s pressure, and indirect its temperature, is maintained by regulating the control valve (00QHF30 AA004) for the steam from the boilers to the feed water tank.
通过调节锅炉供给除氧器蒸汽的调节阀，可保持除氧器的压力及对应的温度。

The steam is lead to the bottom of the tank and passed through spreader pipes which create a circulation and thus a good mixing in the tank.
除氧蒸汽通过除氧器内扩散器管道从除氧器底部进入除氧器，这样有利于蒸汽与水的充分混合。

One pressure relief valve (safety valve 00QHJ10 AA010) is fitted on the tank to prevent an excess pressure in case there is a problem with the pressure control.
除氧器安装一个安全阀（安全阀00QHJ10 AA010），用于防止压力控制出现问题时造成的超压事故。

The water is pumped from the feed water tank to the respective boiler by the feed water pumps.
从除氧器内出来的水再由给水泵输送到各自应流向的锅炉内。

There is one pump for each boiler (00QHG11 AP001 and 00QHA12 AP001). Each pump is designed for 100% of the flow.
每台锅炉都配有一台给水泵(00QHG11 AP001 和 00QHA12 AP001)，每台泵都按100%的流量设计。

The selected feed water pump is running continuously during normal operation. If the selected pump fails and shuts down, the spare pump (00QHG13AP001) will automatically start. Correspondingly the on-off valve 00QHG14AA001 opens to boiler 00QHA10AC010 and on-off valve 00QHG15AA001 opens to boiler 00QHA20AC010.
设备正常运行期间，给水泵是连续运行的。如果给水泵不能正常工作，则备用泵(00QHG13AP001)会自动启动。相对应的，备用切换开关阀00QHG14AA001为锅炉00QHA10AC010开启，而备用切换开关阀00QHG15AA001对应锅炉00QHA20AC010开启。

During standby or if the boiler pressure is below a set value the feed water control valve (00QHG11/12 AA006) is closed before a pump is started and the opening of the valve is reduced to a set value to remove the risk for cavitations in the pump due to high flow.
在设备备用期间或当锅炉压力低于设定值时，开启另一个泵之前，给水控制阀(00QHG11/12 AA006)将关闭，同时阀门的开度会调整到一个设定值，以避免给水泵带来的汽蚀危险。

During standby operation the feed water pump fills the boiler between two water volume set points.
设备运行期间，给水泵的给水量处于两个水量设定值之间。

Each pump has a minimum flow valve (00QHG11/12/13 AA003), which secures the pumps’ minimum flows. The min flow valves will open automatically at set pressure and the water is pumped back to the feed water tank.
给水泵有最低流量阀(00QHG11/12/13 AA003)，用于维持泵的最小流量。在设定压力下，最低流量阀将自动开启，然后水会被泵回除氧器内。

An on/off valve (00QHE16AA002), fitted below the tank, acts as overflow protection:
安装在除氧器底部的开关阀(00QHE16AA002)起到溢流的作用：

If the feed water tank water level should reach the set high limit, this valve will open until the level is below the set value for closing the valve.
如果除氧器内的水位达到了最高上限，则此开关阀会开启，直到水位低于设定值后再自动关闭。

During standby operation the feed water tank is kept warm and pressurized by two electric elements (00QHJ10 AH001/AH002, 2x50% capacity), which are engaged at the set limit (on/off control). To ensure the fastest possible start-up, the set limit for warm keeping will be equal to operational temperature.
设备备用期间，除氧器的保温和保压工作由两个电器元件(00QHJ10 AH001/AH002, 2x50KW)完成，这两个电加热器温控运行（开关控制）。为保证最快速度的开启设备，保温的设定限制将约等同于供气温度。

The feed water tank’s pressure, and indirect its temperature, is maintained by regulating the control valve (00QHF30 AA004) for the steam from the boilers to the feed water tank.
通过调节锅炉供给除氧器蒸汽的调节阀，可保持除氧器的压力及对应的温度。

The steam is lead to the bottom of the tank and passed through spreader pipes which create a circulation and thus a good mixing in the tank.
除氧蒸汽通过除氧器内扩散器管道从除氧器底部进入除氧器，这样有利于蒸汽与水的充分混合。

One pressure relief valve (safety valve 00QHJ10 AA010) is fitted on the tank to prevent an excess pressure in case there is a problem with the pressure control.
除氧器安装一个安全阀（安全阀00QHJ10 AA010），用于防止压力控制出现问题时造成的超压事故。

The water is pumped from the feed water tank to the respective boiler by the feed water pumps.
从除氧器内出来的水再由给水泵输送到各自应流向的锅炉内。

There is one pump for each boiler (00QHG11 AP001 and 00QHA12 AP001). Each pump is designed for 100% of the flow.
每台锅炉都配有一台给水泵(00QHG11 AP001 和 00QHA12 AP001)，每台泵都按100%的流量设计。

The selected feed water pump is running continuously during normal operation. If the selected pump fails and shuts down, the spare pump (00QHG13AP001) will automatically start. Correspondingly the on-off valve 00QHG14AA001 opens to boiler 00QHA10AC010 and on-off valve 00QHG15AA001 opens to boiler 00QHA20AC010.
设备正常运行期间，给水泵是连续运行的。如果给水泵不能正常工作，则备用泵(00QHG13AP001)会自动启动。相对应的，备用切换开关阀00QHG14AA001为锅炉00QHA10AC010开启，而备用切换开关阀00QHG15AA001对应锅炉00QHA20AC010开启。

During standby or if the boiler pressure is below a set value the feed water control valve (00QHG11/12 AA006) is closed before a pump is started and the opening of the valve is reduced to a set value to remove the risk for cavitations in the pump due to high flow.
在设备备用期间或当锅炉压力低于设定值时，开启另一个泵之前，给水控制阀(00QHG11/12 AA006)将关闭，同时阀门的开度会调整到一个设定值，以避免给水泵带来的汽蚀危险。

During standby operation the feed water pump fills the boiler between two water volume set points.
设备运行期间，给水泵的给水量处于两个水量设定值之间。

Each pump has a minimum flow valve (00QHG11/12/13 AA003), which secures the pumps’ minimum flows. The min flow valves will open automatically at set pressure and the water is pumped back to the feed water tank.
给水泵有最低流量阀(00QHG11/12/13 AA003)，用于维持泵的最小流量。在设定压力下，最低流量阀将自动开启，然后水会被泵回除氧器内。

An on/off valve (00QHE16AA002), fitted below the tank, acts as overflow protection:
安装在除氧器底部的开关阀(00QHE16AA002)起到溢流的作用：

If the feed water tank water level should reach the set high limit, this valve will open until the level is below the set value for closing the valve.
如果除氧器内的水位达到了最高上限，则此开关阀会开启，直到水位低于设定值后再自动关闭。

During standby operation the feed water tank is kept warm and pressurized by two electric elements (00QHJ10 AH001/AH002, 2x50% capacity), which are engaged at the set limit (on/off control). To ensure the fastest possible start-up, the set limit for warm keeping will be equal to operational temperature.
设备备用期间，除氧器的保温和保压工作由两个电器元件(00QHJ10 AH001/AH002, 2x50KW)完成，这两个电加热器温控运行（开关控制）。为保证最快速度的开启设备，保温的设定限制将约等同于供气温度。

2.1.2Evaporation System (QHA)蒸汽系统（QHA系统）
The electrode boiler has an inner vessel mounted on ceramic insulators inside the shell (outer vessel). The three phase electrodes (00QHA10 AH101 for boiler 10 and 00QHA20 AH101 for boiler 20), each consisting of a number of bars mounted on a single electrode plate, are located in the inner vessel. Each electrode is suspended in insulated bushings (hollow ceramic insulators) at the top of the boiler. The inner vessel, which also forms the neutral point of the electrical system, divides the boiler into two water chambers (inner and outer).
锅炉分为内筒和外筒电极锅炉的内筒通过陶瓷绝缘件安装在外筒内部上方。每个三相电极(三相电极00QHA10 AH101供锅炉10所用 ，00QHA20 AH101供锅炉20所用)包含若干个安在单电极盘上的金属电极棒，并被固定在内筒上方。电极被悬在锅炉顶部的绝缘套管上（中空的陶瓷绝缘件）。锅炉内筒将成为电气系统的中性点。

Electric power is converted directly into heat as the current flows through the water. The current passing through the water is a function of the active surface area of the electrodes and the boiler water’s conductivity. The current is controlled by regulating the water level, thus varying the active electrode area. The level is raised by closing the valve in the bottom of the inner vessel (00QHA10 AA101 for boiler 10 and 00QHA20 AA101 for boiler 20) and at the same time opening the valve in the circulation pipe (00QHM01 AA003 for boiler 10 and 00QHM02 AA003 for boiler 20). The level is lowered by doing the inverse.
炉水导电，电能被转化成热能。炉水的电流与电极的有效表面积以及炉水电导率具有函数关系。电流的控制是通过水位的调节，进而改变电极被浸没的有效面积完成的。关闭内筒底部阀门(00QHA10 AA101 供锅炉10 用，00QHA20 AA101 供锅炉20用)，并同时开启循环管道上的阀门(00QHM01 AA003供锅炉10 用，00QHM02 AA003供锅炉20用)，可使锅炉水位上升。反向操作则降低水位。

As long as the load does not exceed the power set point (max. allowed powered), it is the boilers’ steam pressure that is controlled.
只要载荷不超过功率设定点（允许的最大功率）就可控制锅炉的蒸汽压力。

The water volume in the respective boiler is kept constant at set level by regulating the control valves (00QHG11 AA006 for boiler 10 and 00QHG12 AA006 for boiler 20) on the boilers’ respective feed water inlet pipe. The volume is calculated from the levels of both the inner and outer (boiler) vessel.
通过调节各锅炉给水管上的控制阀(00QHG11 AA006供锅炉10 用， 00QHG12 AA006供锅炉20用)，即可使锅炉内水量保持设定值，恒定不变。水量可通过计算锅炉内、外筒的水位得出。

The water is circulated from the outer vessel (boiler vessel) to the inner vessel by a circulation pump.
锅炉外筒的水通过循环泵泵入内筒。

There are two circulation pumps (2x100%) for each boiler (00QHM11/12 AP001 and 00QHM21/22 AP001).
每个锅炉有两个(2x100%)循环泵(00QHM11/12 AP001 和 00QHM21/22 AP001)。

If the selected pump fails and shuts down, the other pump will automatically start.
如果一个泵因自身故障停止运行，则备用泵会自动启动。

The flow is approximately 180 m3/h. At operation, keeping the level of the inner vessel steady, means that the control valves for inner vessel and circulation pipe will be approximately 50% open, which means there is always a reflow of water from the inner to the outer vessel.
循环泵流量约为180 m3/h。运行时，保持内筒水位恒定则意味着内筒和循环管道上的控制阀需要打开50%左右，以保持内外两筒始终有水流动。

The forced circulation system ensures a fast start-up and shut-down. The constant mixing of water also eliminates the risk for a salt concentration at the surface, which otherwise would occur.
强制循环系统可保证锅炉快速调整功率。炉水的充分混合也避免了炉水表面含盐浓度过高的危险。

After the pumps (00QHM11/12AP001 for boiler 10 and 00QHM21/22AP001 for boiler 20) there is an orifice plate (00QHM11/12 BP001 for boiler 10 and 00QHM21/22 BP001 for boiler 20) for ensure that the pumps don't cavitate.
循环泵(00QHM11/12AP001 供锅炉10用，00QHM21/22AP001供锅炉20用)的出口装有孔板(锅炉10的为00QHM11/12 BP001 ，锅炉20的为 00QHM21/22 BP001)，用于防止泵气蚀。

In the PLC program the outgoing signal to control valve (00QHM01AA003 for boiler 10 and 00QHM02AA003 for boiler 20) is minimized to 5 % to ensure the minimum water flow.
在PLC程序中，向控制阀(锅炉10的为00QHM01AA003，锅炉20的为00QHM02AA003) 发出的信号最小值为5%，以保证最低流量。

The boiler water’s conductivity is maintained by regulating the intermittent blow down valve (00QHE02AA001 for boiler 10 and 00QHE22AA001 for boiler 20), which b