第六部分一组词组.doc

第六部分 一组词组

1.all＋抽象名词/抽象名词＋itself ＝ very + adj.

He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。

To his superiors, he is humility itself。对于长辈，他极为谦逊。

分析：该结构原来是表示某种性质达到极点的一种说法，有“非常”、“尽管”、“一味”、“尽”的含义，有时甚至可以译为“。。。。的化身”、“。。。。的具体化”。普通复数名词用于“all”之后，也是表达这种概念。

He is all smiles.他一味地笑。

She is all eyes.她盯着看。

I am all anxiety.我真担心。

He is all attention.他全神贯注地听着。

2. Something (much) of / nothing (little) of

Mr.Li is something of a philosopher.李先生略具哲学家风范。

Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吴先生全无音乐家的风味。

Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陆先生大有诗人气派。

Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.刘先生几无学者风度。

分析：此为表示“程度”的形容词短语，有时可以当作副词翻译。

Something of ＝to some extent（某程度），在问句和条件句中则用anything of（略有、多少）。nothing of译作“全无、毫无”。

相类似的情况：

to be something of = to have something of + 名词＋in ＋代名词

He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫无演说家的才能。

这类名词的用法，可以处理为副词。

He has seen something of life.他略具阅历。他稍阅世。

Something of 与something like区别：程度上有差异。

something like ＝ something approximateing in character or amount指数量或性质略同的事物，又作somewhat(似乎、略微)解释。

This is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。

It shaped something like a cigar.其形状略似雪茄。

3.as...as 的三种用法;

（1）He is as kind as his sister.他象他妹妹一样和蔼。

（2）He is as kind as honest.他既诚实又和蔼。

（3）He ia as kind as his sister is honest.他妹妹诚实，而他和蔼。

句式1表示两个不同的人相同的性质；

句式2表示同一个人不同的性质；

句式3表示两个人的不同性质。该句式中第一个as为之时副词，第二个as为连词。所以，第一个as后面为adj./adv.，而第二个as后面为从句。

4.as......as any / as .....as ever

He is as great a statesman as any = He is as great a statesman as ever lived.他是一位稀有的政治家。

5.as.....as.....can be

It is as plain as plain can be （may be）.那是再明白不过了。

A lot of these boys were green as green can be.这些男孩许多都是精力充沛无以复加的。

6.as......., so............

As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.忧能伤人，犹如锈之蚀铁。

SO相当于in the same proportion; in like manner; in the same way(亦复如此)。为加强语气，也可以在as前面加上just一词。

As fire tries gold, so does adversity try courage.正如火能试金，逆境可以试人的勇气。

As the human body is nourished by the food, so is a nation nourished by its industries.正像身体要靠食物营养一样，国家要靠工业营养。

7.It is in (or with)........as in (or with)......

It is in life as in a journey.人生好比旅途。

It is in studying as in eating; he who does it gets the benefits, and not he who sees it done.读书和吃饭一样，得到利益的是那些实际在吃的人，而不是旁观的人。

It is in mind as in body which must be nourished by good food.精神和身体都必须有好的食物来营养。

8.as good as / as well as

It is as goos as done.这就和做好了一样。

It is broad as well as long.那既长且宽。

as good as 有两个含义：

（1）amounting to ; not falling short of;等于；同样； 几如；； 不欠缺

He was as good as his word.他不爽约。

（2）virtually; essentially; in every essential respect实际上；其实；实在；在各要点上

He is as good as dead already.宛如死人；行尸走肉；名存实亡

as well as 有四个含义：

（1）no less than; equally with等于；不下于；亦；一样好

I have understanding as well as you.

（2）both....and..;one equally with the other“与”、“两者皆”

Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution.适度劳动对身体给予快感又有益卫生。

（3）与not only....but also有连带关系

He has experience as well as knowledge.= He has not only knowledge but also experience.

（4）可以代替better than

As well (= better) be hanged for a sheep as ( = than) for a lamb.窃钩如窃国，与其盗小羊。

9.As it is

其含义为：as it stands; to state the matter as it really stands; as a matter of fact; in reality.相当于：实际上；就实际情况而言；根据（现在）情况看；就现在这个样子等等。它用来指事物的单数；即指前面的单数名词。如果指事物的复数，则用“As they are”。如果用来指人时，则为as I am / you are / she/ he is/ we are / they are.as it is 的过去式为as it was。其位置可以放在句首，句末或句子中间。

（1）用于句首，注意前后时态与该结构保持一致

As it is, we can not help him.

As it was we could not help him.

（2）用于句末

Let's keep it as it is.

You mustn't go to the ball as you are.你不能这样去参加舞会。

有时it可以省略为“as is ”，意即：照现在的样子，常指“不再修理或改进”等情况。

He has an old radio as is.他有一台没有修理过的旧收音机。

I‘ll sell it to you as is, but don't complain if it doesn't work.

（3）句中时，用逗号把它从前后隔开

A.虚拟语气句式＋but ＋as it is / was，该结构意为：其实；事实上

I thought things would get better, but as it is, they are getting worse and worse.

The rice could have been got in yesterdy if the weather had been fine, but as it was, it had to be left in the fields.

B.过去分词＋as it is，表示强调前面的过去分词

Written as it is in an interesting way, this book is enjoyable to young and old alike.

Published as it was at such a time, his work attrached much attention.

C.现在分词＋ as it does(did)。意为：因为这样，（实际）所以.........

Living as he does inShanghai, he knows the place extremely well.

Reading as he did many times, he could recite it fluently.

几个类似的结构：

A. as it stands 根据目前情况来看

As it stands, it is certain that our country can realize the four modernization ahead of schedule.

B. such as it is不怎么样，质量不过如此

The room, such as it is, is very bright.

C. as it were ＝as if it were so.属虚拟语气，用于插入语。不可以与as it is 混淆

He is , as it were, a living dictionary.

Comrade Lei Feng still lives, as it were , in our heart.

10.have + the + 抽象名词 ＋不定式

I had the fortune to succeed.我很幸运获得了成功。

have = possess原来指肉体和精神上的特征，现作为一种天赋而具有的。

She had the cheek ( = impudence) to say such a thing. = She was so impudent as to say such a thing.她厚颜无耻地说出这样的话。

How can you have the heart ( = hard-heartness) to drown such darling little kittens?

你何忍心把如此可爱的小猫淹死？

11.名词＋of +a +名词

It was a great moutain of a wave.波浪如山高。

That fool of a Tom did it. 这是汤姆那个笨蛋做的。

That old cripple of a Henn.那个年老的残废者亨。

It would make the deuce of a scandal.这会弄得声名狼藉的。

of前后的名词指同一人或物体。其中的“名词＋of”后出现的名词前面，必须有一个不定词，即使是固有名词，该冠词也不可省略。

a devil of a man = a devish man

a rascal of a fellow = a rascally fellow

12. in +人

They have an enemy in him.他才是他们的敌人。

分析：in = in the person of （在那人身上），表示一个人身上具有的性质、资格、能力等。原来是由于形状（与形状有关的in，如：in a circle; in print; in a heap; in couples; in human shape; in ruins等）所转来的，而有“即....是也”、“就是”的含义。这种in多出现在find, see, behold, lose等动词后面。

He had something of the hero in him.

Chinalost a great artist in (the death of ) Chi Paishi.

13.short of / be short of / nothing short of

short=except，是副词的用法。在前面可以使用的动词有：come, fall, run等，表示“不足”、“缺乏”的意思，其中“of”做“from”解释。至于be short of 与nothing short of 中的“short of”则为形容词。be short of 表示“不足”或“离开”；nothing short of表示“完全”。

1）Short of theft, I will do anything I can for you.

2)We are short of hands at present.

3)His conduct was nothing short of madness.他的行为简直发了狂。

14.anything but / nothing but / all but

在英文中anything but＝never;意即“除此之外，别的都是”，是表示强调的否定；

nothing but=only; 意即“除此之外，别的都不是”；

all but=almost; nearly

三种用法中，but都有“except”含义

15.much more / much less

He likes a child, much more a baby.他喜欢小孩，更加喜欢婴孩。

He doesn't like a child, much less a baby.他步喜欢小孩，更加不喜欢婴孩。

解释：

much more 用于肯定句之后，表示程度增加；表示更多，much可以改为still

much less用于否定句之后，表示程度减少；表示更少，可译为“何况”、“还论”

16.more........than.......can“达到不可能的程度”

morethan................can"简直不可能"

He earns more money than he can spend.

17.more than + 动词，译为“深为， 十二分的”

This more than satisfied me.这使我十二分的满意。

More is meant than meets the ear.有言外之意。

What we lose in flowers we more than gain in fruits.

18.less.......than

During the week he saw less of her than usual.在那一个星期内，他比平常要少见到她。

less.......than“较少”、“较差”、“不及”、“不如”。该less做形容词时好翻译，做副词解释时难译。

Proof-reading is not interesting, still less so when it is one's own work.

Proof-reading is uninteresting, still more so when it is one's own work.

His lecture left me less than satisfactory.他的演讲怎么也不能使我满意。

He observed with interest the errors of her face and figure, the thin underlip, too heavily penciled eyebrows, and her legs less than slim although not actually skinny.

他感兴趣地望着她面孔和身体上的一些缺点，那太薄的下唇，画的太浓的眉毛和她那瘦弱的双腿，虽然还没有达到皮包骨头的程度。

19.the + 比较级＋理由

I like him all the better for his faults.因为他有缺点，所以我更加喜欢他。

连接“理由”部分的可以为：for, because, on account of , owing to 等，前面部分常常出现的结构为：all(much)the + 比较级。该结构中的the = to that degree.

20.what he is / what he has

We honour him for what he is , not for what he has.

我们尊敬的是他的人品，而不是他的财富。

what he is ＝his character

what he has = his property

It is not a question how much a man knows, but use what he can make of what he knows not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do.

问题不在于一个人知道多少，而在于他能否运用他的知识；问题不在于他所学为何，受过怎样的教育，而在于他的人品，以及他的能力。

21.what + 名词 / what + little + 名词

He gave me what money he had about him.他把他身上所有的钱都给了我。

I gave him what little mony I had.我竭尽绵薄之力将仅有的钱都给了他。

what + 名词 含有“all the ....that”或“that....which”含义。译为“所有的。。。。”，what做关系代名词。

what + little（few等一类词） + 名词 含有“虽少但全部”或“所仅有的”

She saved what little money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother go to school.

22.what with........and what with / what by ...... and what by

What with illness and what with losses, he is almost ruined.半因为生病，半因为亏损，他几乎整个儿毁了。

What by brikes and what by extortions, he made money.

或由受贿，或由勒索，他发财了。

此为what的副词用法，可译为“多少（＝somewhat）”、“半（＝patrly）”

what with........and what with表示“原因”

what by ...... and what by表示“手段”

What with overwork and under-nourishment he fell ill.

由于过劳，加上营养不足，他终于病倒了。

23.if any

1)He despises honour, if any one does.世界上真有人轻视荣誉的话，他便是一个。

2）He has little, if any, money.他即令有钱，也是极少的。

if any , if ever 意思是“果真有，即令有的话”，相当于if there is (are) any at all.。它通常是伴随有little, few, seldom等准否定词。与此相近的用法还有if anything，意思是“if at all”或“if there is any difference”,可以译为“倘若有异同，如果稍有区别的话”。还有“if a day”意思是“at least”。

There is little , if any , hope.希望甚微。

It occurs seldom, if ever( = seldom or never).真有其事，也不常发生。

If anything, he is a little better today.如有什么不同，他比昨天好了一点。

The greatness has little, if anything, to do with rank or power.真正的伟大是和权力与地位毫无关系的。