初二上期m6u1u2U3语法.doc

M6第一页) M6知识要点总结
一、重点单词(单词表)
⑴thin(adj.形)①瘦的②薄的，细长的⑵①danger危险，危害(n.名词)→safety安全(名词)②dangerous危险的(adj.形容词)→safe安全的(adj.形)③in danger处于危险之中→out of danger脱离危险⑶at last最后，终于==finally==in the end⑷interested关心的，感兴趣的(形容词//加ed一般指人)①be interested in sth/doing sth(对…感兴趣)(例:I am interested in English)②be interested to do sth(对做某事干兴趣)(例:He is interested to drive a car.)⑸①allow sb to do sth(允许/准许…做…)(例:My parents allow me to play computer games at weekends)**②allow doing sth(允许/准许做某事)(They allow playing here)⑹①think of想到,想出,想起，记得，考虑，对…有看法,关心(例:I can’t think of记不起his name//Listening to the piece of music,I think of想起my father in the countryside )②think about考虑(一般是短时间的较仔细的考虑)、思考、对…有看法;回想起⑺①protect保护，保卫(v.动)(例:We should protect wemen and children)→protection保护(n.名词)②protect …from/against(保护…免受/不受…)(例:Please protect your eyes from the sun )⑻take away拿走/带走/夺走(take it/them away代做宾入放中间)(例:Who took away my book?)⑼enough足够的，充分的，相当的(adj.形)①修饰名词可放名词前或后(例:enough time/time enough)②修饰形容词或副词放在其后(例:old enough/slowly enough)⑽peace→(同音词)piece⑾notice①布告，告示(n.名词)②注意(v.动词)⑿look after照顾，照看→(同义词)take care of⒀research①（n.名词)研究，追究； 探讨，探测； 调查； 探索(例:He is busy with research work))②(v.动词)做研究、探究、（从市场调研中）得出所预测的结果，从事…的研究，为…而做研究(例:He needs to research about the coffee market.他需要对咖啡市场进行调查)⒁baby婴儿，婴孩→(复数)babies⒂scientist科学家→science科学⒃①in order to为了(例:In order to get to school early,he often gets up at 7:00//In order to learn English well,we should listen to the teacher carfully)②so that为了，以便于(例:we should listen to the teacher carfully so that we can learn English well))⒄government(Chinese government中国政府)⒅nature(n.名词)大自然，自然，自然界→natural(adj.形)自然的，天然的，合理的，合乎常情的
******单词练习 (一)翻译
⑴这冰很薄.The ice is too___⑵我比你瘦I am ____ than you.
⑶他处于危险之中He is in_____
⑷It is ________(危险的)to cross the street when the traffic light is red
⑸I love______(大自然).It is _______(自然的)to forget new words
(二)选词填空
⑹He is_______(interest/interested/interesting) in maths
⑺I am interested _____(to know/know)what has happened.
⑻I allow_____(they/he/him)______(go /to go )out at night.
⑼Can you allow ______(smoke/smoking/to smoke吸烟)here?⑽Tom runs________(quickly enough/enough quickly.)
⑾There are plenty ot ____(baby/babys/babies)in the hospital
⑿He is a______.He loves_______(science/scientist)
⒀Please take_______( them away/away them/they away).
(三)变同义句
⒁In the end ,we got to the small village._____/___ ____ ==we got to the small village.
⒂We should take care of the child well==
We should _____ _____ the child well
⒃He got up very early so that为了he could catch the first bus ==He got up very early ____ ____ ___ catch the first bus.
二、(一）单元重点短语，句子等
⑴Animal World动物世界⑵at last最后、终于==in the end==finally⑶①be interested to do sth(对干…感兴趣)(例:He is interesting to drive a car. )②be intereted in sth/doing sth(对…感兴趣)(例:I am interested in maths/driving a car.)⑷more interested更感兴趣的⑸in the Wolong Panda Reserve在卧龙熊猫保护区⑹①It allows people to get closerth them.在哪儿允许人们接近它们②allow sb to do sth允许/准许…做…(例:I allow my son to play computer games on Sunday) ③allow doing sth允许做…(We allow going home tomorrow)⑺①It’s sad to think of pandas and other animal in danger.=To think of pandas and other animals in danger is sad想起熊猫和其它濒危动物就让人伤心(It is adj. for sb to do sth ) ②think of想起，记得，考虑③animals in danger濒危动物④in danger处于危险之中(例:These boys are in danger//There are some girls in danger)⑤(be)out of danger脱离危险(例:His mother was out of danger)⑻need to do sth需要做…(He needs to rest休息)⑼neeed sb to do sth需要…做…(例:I need 3 students to help me.)⑽wild animals野生动物⑾Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to 的live(许多野生动物没有了可居住的安全的地方(不定式to live做后置定语))⑿grow bigger逐渐变大⒀enough clean water足够干净的水***⒁enough足够的，充分的，相当的(adj.形)①修饰名词可放名词前或后(例:enough time/time enough)②修饰形容词或副词放在其后(例: He is old enough/She runs slowly enough)**③enough to do sth(足够做某事)(例:The boy is old enough go to school//LiaoYu is clever enough to answer 问答the bard困难的question)⒂live in peace平静地生活⒃Your money pays 付to来 look after the animals你的钱用来照看动物/你的钱付来照看动物(不定式短语to look after…用作目的状语 )⒄We can give money to来help protect animals我们可以捐(给)钱(来)帮助保护动物。(不定式短语to help…用作目的状语)⒅raise some money筹集一些钱⒆Let ‘s find out what else 别的什么we can do to来save拯救as many animals as possible尽可能多的动物(让我们弄清楚我们还能做什么来拯救尽可能多动物)(其中的不定式做目的状语)⒇①find out查出、找出、查明、发现(多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究来弄明白、弄清楚“较难找到的、无形的抽象的东西”通常含有“经过困难]、曲折”的含义)(例:Please find out when the train leaves请查一下火车何时开)//I can’t find out the answers to these questions②look for寻找(强调找的过程或动作)(例:He is looking for his pen)③find找到(强调找的结果)(例:I looked for my pen everywhere,but I couldn’t find找到it)
（二）单元重点短语，句子等
⑴The WWF is working hard to来 save them all世界自然基金会正在努力(工作来)拯救它们(其中的不定式作目的状语)⑵Nature parks for为pandas为熊猫建立的自然公园⑶an animal in danger一种濒危动物⑷in the wild在野外⑸research centre研究中心⑹pandas do not have many babies熊猫产崽不多⑺baby pandas often die幼崽经常死⑻The situation is getting very difficult形势正变得很困难⑼Scientists are doing a lot of research(不可数) to 来 help pandas produce more babies and help pandas live科学家正在做大量的研究工作来帮助熊猫产更多的崽，并帮助幼崽活下来(其中的不定式作目的状语) ⑽Southwest China中国西南部⑾The bamboo forests are getting smaller竹林(的面积)正在缩小⑿lose their home失去它们的家园⒀develop other plans制定其它的计划⒁There will be more bamboo to的feed pandas将会有更多的竹子来喂养熊猫(将会有更多的喂养熊猫的竹子)(其中的不定式作后置定语)⒂it chose the panna to来be作为its symbol它选择熊猫来作为它的符号(其中的不定式作目的状语)⒃a symbol of China中国的标志
(三)单元重点短语，句子等
⑴①It’s adj(形)for sb to do sth(对某人而言干…是…)(例:It’s easy for me to learn English well//It’s difficult for Tom to drive a car)//It’s important for her father to find a job.

(M6第二页) M6知识要点总结
②It’s adj of sb to do sth.某人做…是…(例:It’s very nice of you to invite me to dinner你邀请我去吃饭(你))真是太好了// It’s very kind of you to come and see me你来看我(你)真是太友好了 如果强调干事情怎么样用"for“如果强调人怎么样用“of” (练习It’s boring ___me to watch TV//It’s kind ___him to help me clean the classroom. )⑵There are only about one hundred South China tigers left(被)剩下/(被)留下 on earth(在世上只剩下大约100只华南虎)⑶There be sth left “剩下某物”(例:There is no food left in the fridge冰箱//There is no water left in the bottle.)⑷on earth在世上/究竟,到底///on the earch在地球上⑸to 为了make to live easier for 对于the tigers→to make it easier for the tigers to live为了使老虎更易于生存(it代替不定式作形式宾语)⑹stop…(from)doing sth阻止…做某事 (例:We should stop people killing捕杀tigers//We should stop LiaoYu (from)going online. )⑺live safely安全地生活(副→动)⑻have a good summer夏日愉快⑼Marwelll Wildlife马威尔野生动物园⑽the south coast南海岸⑾①many kinds of许多类/许多种②all kinds of各种各样③a kind of一种⑿penguin企鹅⒀There are lots of scientists working at the zoo.在动物园有许多科学家在工作⒁There be sb/sth doing sth有…正在做某事(例There is a boy singing in the room)⒂develop plans ==make plans ⒃feed on…(以…为食)=live on (例:Sheep feed on grass绵羊以草为食)
三、重点语法
㈠ 定义:“to+动词原形” 叫动词不定式(构成的短语叫动词不定式短语)
㈡ 语法功能: <2>动词不定式做宾语补足语(即放在宾语后对宾语进行补充说明）即以下结构:“动词+宾语+动词不定式”能用这种结构的动词有
(1) 有些动词后接不定式作宾补不能省“to”
want sb to do sth
想要…干…
I want him to get up early.
ask sb to do sth
请/请求/要求…干…
I asked you to talk about the thing.
teach sb to do sth
教…干…
Mr Wu teaches us to drive a car
would like sb to do sth想要…干…
I would like LiaoYu to help me.
like sb to do sth

tell sb to do sth
告诉…干…
Please tell them to come here early
allow sb to do sth
允许…干…
My father allows me to play computer games
advise sb to do sth建议…干…
Miss Li advises us to run every day.
Invite sb to do sth
邀请…干…
He will invite me to go out for dinner
warn sb to do sth
警告…干…
My father warned me not to go out at night
need sb to do sth需要…干…
I need you to help me
Choose sb to do sth选择…干…
Mr Lu choose WangGang to be our PE. mornitor

动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式
注意不定式的否定形式一般在to前加not 例:ask sb not to do sth//tell sb not to do sth//warn sb not to do sth/try not to do sth
例:
①My father ask me not to go the net bars网吧
②Mr Lu tells us not to be late for school
③My father warned me not to go out at night
(2)有些动词后接不定式作宾补必省“to”
have/let/make(三让)see/watch(两看)hear/listen/feel(两感觉) sb do sth
例:①I will have让WangGang take 带you around our school.
②He often makes让 us feel happy.
③They let the animals live in th zoos.
④I saw you come in just now
⑤He heared me go home yesterday.
(3)有些动词后接不定式作宾补“to”可省也可不省
help sb (to) do sth
例:LiaoYu often helps his mother (to) cook dinner
注意有些动词后接不定式作宾补或V-ing作宾补含义不同
⑴①see/watch sb do sth“看见某人干了/做过某事"(强调动作自始自终的全过程,动作已结束)(例:I saw him get on the bus我看见他上了公共汽车)
②see/watch sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”(强调动作正在进行)(例:I saw a monkey eating bananas我看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉)
⑵①hear sb do sth“听见某人做了某事”，(强调听到了事情的全过程),动作已结束)或“听见某人经常做某事”
(例:We often hear him this song)
②hear sb doing sth “听见某人正在做某事”(强调听到的动作正在进行) (I hear LiaoYu singing in the next room我听到廖宇正在隔壁唱歌)
<3>动词不定式做目的状语(不定式在英语中，有时可以用来说明做某事的目的，我们称之谓“目的状语”这时可放“句首或句末”)这时不定式标志“to”的位置在翻译时可译成“为了/来/目的是”(例: To为了catch the early bus,he got up early →He got up early to目的是/为了catch the early bus→He got up early in order to 为了catch the early bus→He got up early so that以便于he could catch the early bus
例:①He went home to(为了)visit his parents
②We should work hard to来stop阻止people killing杀 tigers
③They came here to(目的) help me
④People kill the animals to来make money.
⑤Please send an e-mail to him to tell the news.
**********补充*********
<4>动词不定式做主语(谓语动词用第三单，为了避免出现“头重脚轻”的现象，常用“it”作形式主语，而把动词不定式放后面)即以前所学句型
"It is/was+adj.+(for/of)+to do sth”
① To learn English well is important for us==
It is important for us to learn English well
②To help others is good==It is good to help others.
③To ride a bike is difficuit for LiaoYu==
It is difficult for LiaoYu to ride a bike
④To learn English is easy for me ==
It is easy for me to learn English
<5>动词不定式作表语:即表示主语是什么/怎样
例①My duty职责is to look after my young brother ② My advice is to ride a bike
③The most important thing is to tell me how to do.
④ My work 　is 　to 　clean the room every day.
⑤ His dream is 　to 　be 成为　a 　　doctor.
< <6>动词不定式作后置定定语→“的”
例:①Could you give me something to drink一些喝的东西
②I have a letter to write 一封要写 的 信
③I have no room to live in 住 的 房间
④There are many people to的 pick apples
⑤I have enough food to的eat.
<7>作原因状语I am glad to see you
I am sorry to trouble麻烦you.
<8>作结果状语I am too tired to walk我太累了,走不动了
too+原形+to (太…以至于不能//太…而不能…/太…无法…）
例:①He is too young to go to school他年纪太小,还不能上学
②His brother is too excited to fall asleep.他哥哥激动得睡不着觉
③The hat is too large to wear. 这帽子太大，没法戴。
注意:有时不定式做宾语很长用“it”代替而把它放在后面，即(find/think/feel+ it +形容词+不定式)其中it为形式宾语，不定式才是真正的宾语
例:I find to learn maths difficult→I find it difficult to learn maths
We think to ride a bike difficult →We find it difficult to ride a bike
不定式专项练习 (一)、翻译
⑴I asked him___ ____me some money我请求他给我些钱
⑵Mr Wu asks us__ __ ___in class.吴老师要求我们不要在课堂上讲话
(M6第三页) M6知识要点总结
⑶Mr Lu tells us___ __ quiet吕老师告诉我们保持安静
⑷Mr Lu often___us ___ ___ ___ in the river吕老师经常告诉我们不要下河洗澡
⑸My parents ____ me__ ___TV at weekends我的父母允许我在周未看电视
⑹I don’t ___ my son ___ ____computrer games我不允许我的儿子打电子游戏
⑺The popular music can ____me____ ______流行音乐能让我感到放松
⑻I saw LiaoYu ______a bike ___ my way___在我回家的路上我看见廖宇在骑自行车
⑼I saw them ___ ___the train just now刚才我看见他们下了火车
⑽He heard me ___ ___ _____just now刚才他听见我弹钢琴
⑾I hear WangGang_____ in the next room我听到王刚正在隔壁唱歌
⑿He is helping me_____ /___ _____the floor他正在帮我扫地
⒀They do important research ____ ___ ____ the best way ___ _____ animal他们做重要的研究来找出保护动物的最好的方法
⒁我们应做什么来帮助它们?What should we do ___ ___ them⒂对我而言把英语学好太容易_____ very easy ____me ___ ___English well.
⒃对廖宇而言打电子游戏是有趣的____ ___interesting ___LiaoYu____ ____computer games.
⒄你能帮我喂猪真是太好了____ very nice ___ you ___ ____ me feed the pigs.
⒅北京是一个居住的好地方Beijing is a good place__ __ __
⒆她没有买衣服的钱Sh has no money ____ _____ clothes.
There is something ___ ___(吃的)
⒇My work is ___ ___打扫the room every day
(21)我们的职责是照看这个孩子Our duty is ___ ____ ___the child.
(22)我很难过听到这个坏消息I am very sad ___ ____ of the bad news
(23)这水太脏了不能喝了The water ___ dirty ____ ___
(24)廖宇太胖了以至于跑不起来LiaoYu is ____ fat ___ run.
(25)我发现游泳很难I found ____ very hard ___ ____.
(二)变同义句
⑴To play football is exciting for them→_____football is exciting for them→___ ___ exciting for them ____ ____ ______.
⑵I was sorry.I heard of the bad news→
I was sorry ___ ___ of the bad news.
⑶Do you want to help anlmals in danger?→
____ you ___ ____ help anlmals in danger?
⑷Many animals don’t have any place to live
Many animals have _____ place to live.
⑸He is not enough old岁数不够大 to go to school.→
Hhe is ____ young ____ go to school.
⑹I felt to sit on the chair comfortable→
I felt ____ comfortable ____ ___on the chair
⑺He trained hard to 目的是/来/为了improve his basketball skills技能
→_____ ___ ____improve his basketball, he trained hard
→ He trained hard ___ ___he could improve his basketball
⑻People often kill wild animals .They want to get得到their fur皮→People often kill wild animals ___ ____their fur
⑼He is helping me (to) do my homework→
He is helping me ___/___ my homework