天津学大教育信息咨询有限公司中考英语专题复习 题型课程 阅读理解教案5 人教新目标版-人教新目标版初中九年级全册英语教案.doc

阅读理解
知识点
理解主旨和要义
理解文中具体信息
根据上下文推断生词的词义
教学目标
透析阅读理解命题规律，解题步骤，做到解题有思路。从而增加英语学习的信心。
教学重点
译文章，透彻理解。
教学难点
足够的词汇量

教学过程
一、课堂导入
河北中考阅读理解题集中测试词汇量，着重理解文章情境，要做到意思+生活经验，才能做到透彻理解解题周全。那么命题时，有哪些特点和规律呢？解题时，要遵循哪些思路和步骤呢？
让我们开始本节课吧！

二、复习预习
My parents taught me not to waste food. My mom always found ways to make leftovers (剩余食物) taste good. I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area. I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!
Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. People learned to cook and eat almost everything. They had to think of ways to make special dishes. One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. That might not sound very good, but it does taste good. Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets (宴会).

Another famous dish is called zao bing. It’s made with fruit, meat and other things. I really liked it! But I didn’t want to eat too much. It has a lot of fat in it.
I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan area─duck meat. The duck meat is put in a big oven (炉子) to cook it. Smoke keeps the meat fresh. I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious! It tasted sweet.
Ilan is a great place with delicious food. I hope I can come back again!

56. The writer learns from her parents __________.
A. not to eat leftovers B. to eat good food C. not to waste food D. to make good food
57. She finds that people in Ilan __________.
A. always waste food B. don’t use leftovers
C. don’t have enough food D. can cook special food
58. Kao zha is a good dish that is made with __________.
A. fruit, meat and other things B. fresh and sweet duck meat
C. some different leftovers D. meat, soup and fruit

59. There are __________ kinds of special foods mentioned in the passage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
60. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. there was not enough food in Ilan long ago
B. leftovers can’t be used to cook delicious food
C. zao bing is a famous dish without any fat in it
D. the writer is interested in very big banquets

56. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查理解文中具体信息。由My parents taught me not to waste food.可知。
57. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查理解文中具体信息。由Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone.可知。
58. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查作出判断和推理。由It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat.可知。
59. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查理解文中具体信息。由文章内容统计可知。
60. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查作出判断和推理。由Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone.可知。

三、知识讲解
知识点1：阅读的要求
l 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
l 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
l 能找出文章的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
l 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
l 能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
l 能利用字典等工具书进行学习；
l 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。

知识点2: 考察内容：
记叙文(人物传记类、逸闻趣事类、生活交往类、人生哲理类)
说明文(社会文化类、广告应用类、健康保健类、时文公告类、史地常识类、生态环保类、科学教育类、政治经济类、新闻报道类、议论说理类、科普知识类)
题型分类：理解主旨和要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、作出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

知识点3: 阅读理解题材的多样化，大多集中在学生日常生活中遇到的话题和学生有关的热点话题，体裁也以记叙文，说明文，应用文为主，词数基本在300-450词每篇。充分考查了学生理解文章，和分析问题的综合能力，也是学生容易失分拉开差距的题型。
从题型上说，阅读题可分为推理判断题，细节题，和主旨大意题。其中大部分题都是细节考查，能够通过细读文章，找到正确答案，篇目的设置由易到难，多以细节考察题和推理判断题为主。

知识点4: 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是： (1) Which is the best title of the passage?
(2) Which of the following is this passage about?
(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
(4) The passage tells us that______.
(5) This passage mainly talks about_______.

知识点5: 考查把握文章的事实和细节
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：
(1) Which of the following is right?
(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?
(3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
(4) Choose the right order of this passage.
(5) From this passage we know ________.

知识点6: 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：
(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.
(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
(3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.
(4) Here “it” means________.

知识点7: 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解
此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：
(1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.
(2) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
(3) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?

知识点8: 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断。
此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：
(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.
(2) We can infer from the text that _______.
(3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs.
(4) From the story we can guess ______.
(5) What would be happy if …?

知识点9: 考查推断作者意图和态度
其主要提问方式是：
(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?
(2) The writer writes this text to ______.
(3) The writer believes that ______.
(4) The writer suggests that ______.

四、例题精析
【例题】Is there someone you hate? Well, maybe you don’t really hate them. But you get really angry every time you think of them. If you don’t let this anger go, it can turn into bitterness (痛苦).
Bitterness appears when we can’t forgive (原谅) someone who has hurt us or made us angry. Someone might say or do something that hurts us. But instead of controlling the anger, we keep it deep inside. Before long, a bitter feeling begins to grow. We may think we’re hurting that person by criticizing (指责) him or her often, but we’re really only hurting ourselves.
Bitterness can not only lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, but also hurt our relationships with friends and family members. No one enjoys being around an angry person for very long.
If you see bitterness in your life, here are some ways to deal with it.

l Accept it
Instead of trying to deny your anger, make it clear to yourself and accept it. See your anger for what it is and quickly deal with it.
l Stop making excuses for it
You may feel you have a right to be angry. You may think you’re right and the other person is wrong. You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad. But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person. The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life.
l Forgive and forget it
You probably can’t completely put the anger out of your mind. But you can decide to forgive the other person. Forget it and move on. You’ll enjoy better health and peace of mind

66. According to the passage, we might get angry when someone __________.
A. holds us back B. forgets us C. doesn’t like us D. does hurt us
67. Bitterness comes from __________.
A. our health problems like heart disease
B. the anger that lives deep inside our mind
C. the person who says something that hurts us
D. our relationships with friends and family members
68. The underlined word “deny” in the passage means “__________”.
A. 误解 B. 否认 C. 疏远 D. 减轻

69. The best way to deal with the bitterness is to __________.
A. make the person who hurts us look bad
B. hate the person who hurts us very often
C. accept that you are hurting the other person
D. forgive the person who hurts us and forget it
70. What can we learn from the passage?
A. We should enjoy someone who hurts us.
B. We should pay more attention to our friends.
C. The peace of mind is more important than the hurt itself.
D. It’s better to let bitterness go along with the other person.

66. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查作出判断和推理。由Bitterness appears … who has hurt us or made us angry.可知。
67. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查作出判断和推理。由But instead of controlling … a bitter feeling begins to grow.可知。
68. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查根据上下文推断生词的词义。由上下文句意体会可知。
69. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查理解作者的意图、观点和态度。由But you can …health and peace of mind.可知。
70. 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查理解主旨和要义。由文章总体意思体会可知。

课程小结
本节课主要学习了中考阅读理解题的命题规律，希望同学们能够熟练掌握这些考点，同时要重点掌握住解题策略。