北京龙文环球教育科技有限公司扬州分公司九年级英语上册《被动语态》教学案 牛津版.doc

北京龙文环球教育科技有限公司扬州分公司九年级英语上册《被动语态》教学案 牛津版
课题
语法----被动语态
学情分析
基础还可以，对英语的兴趣不够浓厚，应用不够灵活
教学目标与
考点分析
通过对典型知识点的分析，培养学生获取信息、分析问题、处理问题的能力

教学重点
难点
教学重点：知识点及句型结构
教学难点：用法及区别
教学方法
从书本入手，以课文内容为主，结合练习
教学过程
被动语态讲解
一、被动语态概述
　　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：
　　They didn’t offer Ann the job. （主动语态）
　　Ann wasn’t offered the job. （被动语态）安没得到这份工作。
二、被动语态的构成
　　被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种形式
各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
（1）Do they speak French ?
（2）They don’t use the room .
Is French spoken by them ?
The room isn’t used by them .
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
（1）The hunter killed a tiger .
（2）He wrote many stories last year .
A tiger was killed by the hunter .
Many stories was written by him last year .
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +p.p.
（1）These workers are building a new bridge .
（2）He is mending his car .
A new bridge is being built by these workers .
His car is being mended by him .
过去进行时
was / were + being + p.p.
（1）He was selling books .
（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .
Books were being built by him .
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时
have / has + been + p. p.
（1）She has learned many English words .
（2）He has finished the work .
Many English words have been learned by her .
The work has been finished by him .
过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
（1）They has solved the problem .
（2）We had told him the news by then .
The problem had been solved by them .
The news had been told to him by us .
一般将来时
shall / will be + p.p.
（1）I shall make a plan .
（2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .
A plan will be made by me .
The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
过去将来时
would be + p.p.
was/ were going to be + p.p.
（1）He told me they would paint the room .
（2）They were going to put on a play the next week .
He told me the room would be painted by them .
A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情态动词
can / may / must / should
+ be + p.p.
（1）We should hand in our homework .
（2）You must answer the question in English .
Our homework should be handed in by us .
The question must be
answered in English by you .
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
　　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
　　My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨天被偷了。
　　When was the book introduced to China? 这本书什么时候引入中国的？
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
　　A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
　　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
　　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.　在冲突中
6．过去完成时(had been+done)
　　They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子被暴风雨摧毁
　　He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
　　他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。

被动语态常用的句式：
▲肯定句式：主语+be+V-ed (+by……).
I was invited to the concert yesterday (by Green family).
▲否定句式：主语+be+not+V-ed (+by……).
The vase wasn't broken by Jane.
▲一般疑问句式： Be+主语+V-ed (+by……)?
Are the rooms being cleaned?房间正在被打扫吗？
回答： Yes, they are./No, they aren't.
▲特殊疑问句式
①特殊疑问词（不作主语）+be+主语+V-ed (+by……)?
②特殊疑问词（作主语）+be+V-ed (+by……)?
What is paper made from ? 纸是由什么做成的？
What is the book made of? 这本书是由什么做成的？
知识点津：make of 和make from 一般用语被动语态，表示由……材料构成；前者表示看的出原材料（即物理变化），后者表示看不出原材料（即化学变化）
Who was asked to answer the question? 谁被要求回答这个问题？
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态
▲肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be原形+V-ed (+by……).
This problem can be solved in an hour by him.
▲否定句式：主语+情态动词+not+be原形+V-ed (+by……).

Children shouldn't be allowed to play computer games.
▲一般疑问句式： 情态动词+主语+be原形+V-ed (+by……)?
Should children be allowed to play computer games?
Yes, they should./No, they shouldn't.
▲特殊疑问句式
①特殊疑问词（不作主语）+情态动词+主语+be原形+V-ed (+by……)?
②特殊疑问词（作主语）+情态动词+be原形+V-ed (+by……)?
When can my bike be repaired?我的自行车什么时候能修好？
Who might be sent abroad for further education?谁有可能被送去国外进修？

三、 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
（被动语态）
▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show lend , pass等。
2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”
比较：（1）
  （2）
4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。
eg.

四、主动语态变为被动语态
　　转换图示：
　　　　　　主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
主动句:主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语
(动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)

被动句:主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语
(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)
We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语

That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语　　　
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
　　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。
　　（2）将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。
　　（3）将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。
　　　 They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday.
　　　 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
　　（1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等， 变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如：
They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.
　　　　 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→
　　　　 The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
　　（2）含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。
　　　　 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon.
　　　　 It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon.
五、高频考点：
1. 动词的主动形式表示被动之意
　　1）某些连系动词，如：look, feel, smell，sound, prove等。
　　　 The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
　　　Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 玛丽亚被证明很耐心、很热心
　　2）表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的某些动词，虽然可以是及物动词，但这时用作不及物动词，
　　　 如：lock, shut, close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut,
　　　 　　translate, burn, run, ride, begin, end, operate等。
　　　 The sentences translate hard. 这些句子很难译。
　　　 The door won’t shut. 这个门关不上。
　　3）某些动词用在句型“主+谓+主补”时，如wear，blow，prove等。
　　　 The door blew open. 门被吹开了。
2. 不用于被动语态的动词　
有些动词用于被动语态，如happencost，take，have (有)，own，possess, want。　An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。　
One should possess courage, determination and wisdom. 人要拥有勇气、决心和智慧。
3. “动词+反身代词”结构与“be+过去分词”结构
　　注意下面短语：
　　devote oneself to (献身于) seat oneself (就坐) dress oneself (穿衣),
　　amuse oneself (自娱自乐) lose oneself (迷路) prepare oneself for (做好心理准备),　concern oneself about (担心)
　　这些短语经常用被动结构表示主动意义。
　　They were seated in the front of the hall. 他们在大厅前部就坐。
　　He was concerned about his work. 他担心他的工作。
All my students are well prepared for the test. 我的学生都为考试做好了准备。
His mother is dressed in white at the party. 他的妈妈在宴会上穿着白色衣服。
4. be done与get done
　　1）现代英语特别是口语中常用“get + 过去分词”表示被动语态。
　　2）“get + 过去分词”只表示动作，而“be+过去分词”既可表动作，也可表状态
　　　 They have been married for ages. 他们结婚多年了。（不能用get married） They got married last month. 他们上个月结婚了。
　　3）经过安排、考虑的动作用“be+过去分词”；出乎意料时用“get+过去分词”
　　　 How did the painting get damaged? 这幅画什么时候被损坏的？
　　4）“be+过去分词”是单纯的被动意义，而“get+过去分词”可以暗示主语对动作的发生有一定的责任，含有某种主动意味。
　　　 His team got beaten again though they had tried their best.
　　　 虽然他们尽了全力，他的队还是输了。
5. 几个被动语态常用习惯用法：
　We’re determined to set up an eco-laboratory. 我们决定建立一个生态实验室
　　My time was occupied with children. 我的时间都用在了孩子们身上。
　　I’m very interested in fine arts. 我对美术非常感兴趣。
　　Where was your grandfather born? 你祖父的出生地是哪里？
I was graduated from that university ten years ago. 我十年前从那所大学毕业。
　　My hometown is situated in the south of China. 我的家乡在中国南部。
6．It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 从句的变化：
常见的句型结构：
It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......
It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
It must be remembered that......务必记住......
It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......
It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)
　　“It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 从句”表示据说/据报道/据信......，此句型可以变成从句主语作主语的句型：sb. ＋be said/ reported/believed, etc. +不定式。如果原来从句的谓语动作已经完成，不定式用完成式；如果从句的谓语动作是经常性动作或还没有完成，用不定式的一般式。
　　It is said that James is an expert on DNA. = James is said to be an expert on DNA.　人们说詹姆斯是个DNA专家。
　　It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. =
　　The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
　　据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。

巩固练习Ⅰ. 单项选择
　　1. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _________. (2010 北京)
　　A. are dropped　　B. drop 　C. are being dropped　　　D. have dropped
　　2 Experiments of this kind _______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.（2011 北京）
　　A. have conducted 　　　 　　　B. have been conducted
　　C. had conducted 　　　 　　　 D. had been conducted
　　3. He_____________some pieces of advice, but he__________to them.
　　A. gave, didn’t listen　　　 B. was given, wasn’t listened
　　C. give, wasn’t listened　　 D. was given, didn’t listen
　4. This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year. (2010 湖南)
　　A．was named 　　　B．named　　　 C．is named　　　 D．names
　　7. Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________.
　　A. have taken, have been opened　　　B. take, are open
　　C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened
　　8. We can’t use the bridge now, because it______________.
　A. has been repaired　 B. is repairing　 C. is repaired D. is being repaired
　　9. I______________the way to the railway station by a policeman.
　　A. was shown　　 B. showed　　 C. have shown　 D. was showing
　　10. The war the old soldier remembers very well ______________in 1941.
　　A. broke out　　　　　B. had been broken out
　　C. was broken out　　 D. had broken out
　　11. When water______________, it will be changed into vapour.
　　A. is heated　　　B. heating　　 C. has heated　　 D. heats
　　13. They______________day and night, so they had no time to stay with their families.
　　A. are made work　　　　 B. are made to work
　　C. made to be worked　 　D. are making to work
　　16. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.
　A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen
　　18. — It is said that another new car factory _____ now.
　　　　— Yeah. It _____ one and a half years.
　　A. is building； is taken 　　　　B. is being built； will take
　　C. is built； will take 　　　　　D. is being built； takes

Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
　　1. I saw the boy run yesterday.

　　2. He told me that he would come back soon.

　　3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.

　　4. Do you water your flowers every day?

　　5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.

　　6. I think that he is right.

　　7. He had not thrown the bad food.

　　8. Mother was not mending the trousers.

　　9. They would not take him to Beijing.

　　10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.
A) have taken　B) have been taken　　C) have been taking　　D) have been taking
25) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.
A) having been given　B) to have been given　C) having given　　D) to have given
26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.
　A) know　　B) be known　　C) being known　　D) to be known
29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.
A) is belonged to　　B) belonged　　C) belongs　　D) is belonging
31) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.
A) has not explained　B) has not been explained　
C) did not explained　D) were not explained
35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.
A) building　　B) build　　C) built　　D) to build
36) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.
A) must keep to　　B) must be kept　　C) must keep　　D) must be kept up
37) The composition ____any more.
A) need not to be corrected　　B) doesn't need to be corrected　　
C) doesn't need be corrected 　D) need not correct

22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B

教学反思

学生归纳总结：
这堂课你掌握了什么？答：

。
三、本次课后作业：
完成相关作业，做好预习复习任务。
四、学生对于本次课的评价：
○ 特别满意 ○ 满意 ○ 一般 ○ 差
学生签字：
五、教师评定：
1、 学生上次作业评价： ○ 非常好 ○好 ○ 一般 ○ 需要优化
2、 学生本次上课情况评价：○非常 好 ○好 ○ 一般 ○ 需要优化
教师签字：