2018高考英语(通用版)短文语法填空汇编(解析版共15页).doc

2018高考英语（通用版）短文语法填空汇编（解析版共15页）

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017·淄博模拟)
According to data from population reports and statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013 __1__ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks __2__ the top five nations with the longest life expectancy (预期寿命)．
__3__ major contributor to Japan's high life expectancy and overall health is their diet, as determined by the country's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
According to a recent study __4__ (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people __5__ kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15－year study had a mortality rate (死亡率) 15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who __6__ keep were also __7__ (little) likely to suffer from some diseases.
Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare __8__ (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food pyramid, called the “Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top\”. Though the Japanese diet gives special __9__ (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is __10__ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因。本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。
1．lived　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in 2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填lived。
2．on/among　考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。on the top意为“在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。
3．A　考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。
4．published　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与publish之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填published。
5．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“Japanese people”，指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who/that。
6．did　考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“did not”可知，此处应用一般过去时，谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填did。
7．less　考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形容词little的比较级形式。故填less。
8．breaks　考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段叙述的是客观事实，故时态主要是一般现在时。故填breaks。
9．importance　考查词性转换。形容词“special”应修饰名词。故填important的名词形式importance。
10．generally　考查词性转换。根据语境可知，日本饮食通常也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。generally意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填generally。

语法填空
(2016·广州市综合测试一)There once was a forest filled with happy animals. One day a raccoon (浣熊) found some socks left behind by picnickers, and __1__ (decide) to wear them. They fitted so well, and felt so __2__ (comfort), that he kept them on. He spent his days __3__ (walk) through the forest in his new socks.
Other animals became envious of the raccoon's new look and followed his trend. First it was squirrels in __4__ (shirt), then rabbits __5__ hats on, and finally birds wearing underpants!
Doctor Bear, the forest physician, disapproved and tried to warn the clotheswearers. __6__ no one listened. Instead, they urged him to follow the latest trend too.
Soon, the problems started. A squirrel caught his shirt on a branch and crashed to the ground. A rabbit tried entering his hole while __7__ (wear) his hat and got stuck. Even the raccoon, thanks to his bright coloured socks, slipped into the river and almost died.
When the __8__ (injure) animals came to see Doctor Bear, he told them, “Your clothes are killing you. You don't need __9__.”
Those __10__ listened to the doctor's advice finally understood they didn't need clothes. They'd only started wearing clothes to make others envy them.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10._
【参考答案】语法填空
语篇解读：本文讲述了一些动物纷纷效仿穿着袜子的浣熊，穿上各种各样的衣服，结果却害了自己。
1．decided　根据and可知，空处与found构成并列谓语，故应填过去式decided。
2．comfortable　felt为系动词，本处应用形容词作表语，故填comfortable。
3．walking　spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，故填现在分词walking。
4．shirts　此处表示“穿着衬衫的松鼠”，应用名词的复数形式，故填shirts。
5．with　本处用“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构作rabbits的定语，表示“戴着帽子的兔子”。
6．But　前后句之间为转折关系，故应填连词But。
7．wearing　“当兔子戴着它的帽子尝试着进洞时”，此处为状语从句的省略，原句应为“while he was wearing his hat”。
8．injured　此处表示“受伤的动物”，应用形容词作定语。
9．them　句意：你们的衣服会要了你的命，你们不需要它们。空处代指“clothes”，填them。
10．who　句意：那些听了医生建议的动物最终理解了它们并不需要衣服。本处为定语从句，先行词为Those，本文拟人化，应用关系代词who。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017·湖南六校联考)
Every summer __1__ he was a boy, Satchin Panda would stay on __2__ grandparents' farm near Chandipur on the east coast of India. He lazed in a hammock(吊床), caught fish in the lake and climbed trees __3__ (pick) mangoes. His grandfather spent most of his 91 years there, __4__ (work) in his 20­acre field. He produced almost all that his wife and eight children needed. They __5__ (cook) what he grew; they sold a little rice __6__ bought salt. “He did that for his entire life，” says Panda. “He travelled more than 100 km from his home perhaps eight or nine __7__ (time)．”
Now Panda's home __8__ (be) thousands of miles away—a four­bedroom house in San Diego, California and he __9__ (regular) jets around the world for work. “If I'm within a distance of a five­hour __10__ (fly) from India，” he says, “I will go and see my mom and my sister.”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Satchin Panda祖父母以前的生活和目前他自己的生活情况。
1．when　考查定语从句。句意为：当Satchin Panda还是个小男孩时，每年夏天他总会待在位于印度东海岸昌迪普尔附近的他祖父母的农场里。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词“Every summer”，且在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导该从句。故填when。
2．the/his　考查定冠词/代词。根据下文可知，Satchin Panda是待在他祖父母的农场里，此处他祖父母的农场也可以看做是特指。故填the/his。
3．to pick　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，表明他爬树是为了摘芒果。故填to pick。
4．working　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句已经有谓语动词“spent”，故work在此处应用非谓语动词形式；且work与主语“His grandfather”之间是主动关系，故应用work的现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填working。
5．cooked　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语。根据上下文的时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填cooked。
6．and　考查连词。根据语境可知，卖点儿大米与买盐之间是并列关系，故应用并列连词and连接。故填and。

7．times　考查名词。分析句意可知，time在此处表示次数。eight or nine times意为“八九次”，符合语境。故填times。
8．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中“now”的提示可知，此处叙述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；且句子的主语是“Panda's home”，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
9．regularly　考查词性转换。根据词法知识可知，此处用regular的副词形式修饰动词“jets”。故填regularly。
10．flight　考查词性转换。空格前的“five­hour”相当于形容词作定语。由此可知，此处需用名词，表示五小时的航程。故填flight。

语法填空
(2016·长沙四校模拟二)A recent study shows that most adults did household chores __1__(active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, __2__ same study shows.
An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time __3__ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped __4__(do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”
Another study finds that compared with the kids __5__ didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely __6__(succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.
Personal happiness __7__(say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and __8__(help) to their parents at home.
If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they __9__(deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small __10__(message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.
1．________　2._　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
【参考答案】语法填空
语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。
1．actively　分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。
2．the　此处的“study”就是上文提到的“study”，故用定冠词the 表示特指。
3．on　根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。
4．doing　根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。
5．who/that　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。
6．to succeed　此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故用不定式。
7．is said　本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为Personal happiness，因此填is said。
8．helpful　本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。
9．dealt/should deal　It's time (that) ... 句型中， that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去式或“should＋do”，其中should不可以省略。
10．messages　message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017·云南高中统一检测)
Starbucks, an international coffee chain，is to offer its customers a discount if __1__ bring their own cups to have drinks at the cafe. This will start from April in the UK as a two­month trial and could go on if it is a __2__ (succeed). Customers who bring their own cups will get a discount on almost all drinks. Starbucks states on its website，“Our plan focuses on three main areas: reducing the waste of paper cups, increasing recycling rates __3__ promoting the use of reusable cups.”
This __4__ (decide) comes as a major victory for the campaign __5__ (reduce) the waste of paper cups. It was revealed(透露) earlier that 7 million paper cups are used in Britain every day, __6__ means 2.5 billion cups are thrown into dustbins each year. The coffee shops make false claims of the number of paper cups they actually recycle. That makes customers __7__ (wrong) believe that a coffee shop is environmentally friendly. But according to a recycling service in the UK, only 1 in 400 cups actually gets __8__ (recycle)．One __9__ the coffee drinkers said, “I am disappointed that cafes recycle so little. I __10__ (think) they were more responsible. Now I will bring my own cup.”
【解题导语】　 国际咖啡连锁店Starbucks为顾客提供了这样一种服务：如果顾客自带咖啡杯，咖啡店将提供打折的咖啡。此举在于减少使用纸杯带来的浪费，从而保护环境。
1．they　考查代词根据该句中的“customers”和“their”可知，空处指代customers，且在从句中作主语，故用代词they。
2．success　考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可以判断，空处应用名词形式。
3．and　考查连词。分析该句结构可知，句中的“reducing the waste of paper cups”“increasing recycling rates”和“promoting the use of reusable cups”是并列关系，故用and连接。
4．decision　考查名词。根据空前的代词This可知，空处用名词形式。
5．to reduce　考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，减少纸杯浪费是活动的目的，故用动词不定式。
6．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
7．wrongly　考查副词。空处修饰动词believe，故用副词形式。
8．recycled　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，cups和recycle之间是动宾关系。
9．of　考查介词。根据该句中的“One”和可数名词复数“drinkers”可知，此处为“one of＋可数名词复数”结构。
10．thought　考查动词的时态。根据空后的were和“Now I．..”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

语法填空
(2016·陕西省教学质检二)I drove to a local supermarket the other day. My shopping list was long and my wallet was light. Still, I needed to get a week's food for my family. I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I __1__ pay for it all.
As I walked into the door, I saw a man with kind __2__ (eye) and a gentle smile. He said he was __3__ (collect) for a local food bank that helped to feed the hungry in my area. He handed me a second shopping list of things they could use and asked me to help if I could. I smiled back, took the list and walked into the store. I really wanted to help, __4__ wasn't sure if I could this time.
I walked through the store, picking up vegetables, soup, spaghetti, bread, milk, cereal, macaroni, bananas, and a dozen other things. I slowly marked each item (项) off my list until I was done. When I looked down at my full cart (购物车) I wondered again __5__ I even had enough to pay for it all. Then, as I put my own list back into my pocket, I saw the foodbank list under it. I smiled and __6__ (decide) to trust my heart.
With the food bank in mind, I went over and picked up two of the biggest boxes of rice the store had and put __7 (they) in my cart. It took another six dollars out of my wallet to pay for them, but my heart felt six times __8__ (large) when I did. And when everything was added up, I had just enough to pay for it all.
It takes so little to make our world a better place. A few dollars can help to fill a __9_ (child) hungry stomach. __10__ (kind) can change another's day and life. It is up to us, though. We can save a few dollars on rice, or we can share love that will last forever.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
【参考答案】语法填空
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一天，作者开车去当地的一家超市购物的过程中做了一件好事。
1．could　句意：我停好车，低头看了看我的清单，希望自己可以付得起。根据句意，此处表示“能够，可以”，且此处讲述过去的事情，故用情态动词can的过去式could。
2．eyes　句意：当我进门时，我看到一个眼神友善又面带温和笑容的人。一个人有两只眼睛，且空前无冠词或所有格，故用eye的复数形式。
3．collecting　句意：他说他在为一个当地的食物赈济处募集(食物)。根据空前的“was”和collect与主语he之间是主动关系可知，此处应用过去进行时，故填collecting。
4．but　句意：我真的想帮忙，但是不确定这次是否能做到。前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but“但是”。
5．if/whether　句意：当我低头看着满满的购物车时，我又一次想知道我是否有足够的钱来支付。wondered后是一个宾语从句，从句成分完整，此处表示“是否”，故填if/whether。
6．decided　句意：我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。and连接两个并列的谓语，故应填decided与smiled并列。
7．them　put后的宾语指的是two of the biggest boxes of rice，故用they的宾格形式them。
8．larger　句意：但是我这样做时，我感觉我的心是原来的六倍大。虽然句中没有than，但是根据语境可知，此处有比较的意味，倍数表达法中，三倍及以上用“基数词＋times＋比较级(＋than)”表示，故用larger。
9．child's　句意：几美元就能帮助填满一个孩子饥饿的胃。空后是名词stomach，所给提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故此处应该用child的所有格形式。
10．Kindness　句意：善行能够改变另一个人的一天和生活。空处作句子的主语，因此要用kind的名词形式kindness“善行”。注意首字母大写。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·湖南省六校联盟联考)
Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans? These things are not accidents. Food affects __1__ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching __2__ (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.
Although our moods relate __3__ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions. If that __4__ (be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race.
Another chemical __5__ (connect) with our moods is caffeine, which __6__ (find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea, and it is perhaps __7__ worst thing you and have when you are feeling stressed.
Of course, __8__ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.
Most __9__ (important), though, remember the following old rule: try to eat different food, __10__ not too much.
【解题导语】　我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。
【段意梳理】
第一段：研究发现，我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。
第二段：为不同的场合选择合适的食物不是一件简单的事。
第三段：在有压力时吃含有咖啡因的食品是最糟糕的选择。
第四段：和家人及朋友共进美食，无论吃什么，都让我们高兴。
第五段：最重要的是尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。
1．how　考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，由“we feel more than we think”可知，从句不缺成分；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句。
2．its　考查代词。由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词its。
3．to　考查动词短语。relate to为固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。
4．were　考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式were。
5．connected　考查过去分词。chemical和connect为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
6．is found　考查动词时态和语态。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和find之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。
7．the　考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。
8．enjoying　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。
9．importantly　考查副词。空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。
10．but/yet　考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。

语法填空
(2016·合肥市第一次质检)Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he __1__ (notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks. Then he heard a train whistle. Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car. __2__ elderly man, Jean Papich, eighty­four, sat in the driver's seat, __3__ (turn) the key and hitting the gas. His wife, Marion, seventy­eight, was looking __4__ (nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked __5__ the car and pus