交替传译数字口译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,大家好,*,Figure Interpretation,数字口译,大家好,1,英汉两种语言数字单位名称的不同,数字口译难点：千以上的汉语和英语的数字单位名称不同。这就造成了数字口译不仅是符号代码的转换，而且还必须进行换算。,大家好,2,Quiz,E-C,10 thousand,20 million,2.3 billion,C-E,3,万,10,万,1,亿,大家好,3,汉英数字单位名称对比,汉语：四位数字一个分节,英语：三维数字一个分节,大家好,4,汉英数字单位名称对比,大家好,5,汉英数字单位表达对比,大家好6,口译中经常遇到一些模糊数字，如,“,几个,”,、,“,十几个,”,、,“,几十个,”,、,“,成百上千个,”,等等。模糊数字的口译虽也有一定的规律，但主要靠平时熟记，用时才能熟练自如，准确无误。注意以下模糊数字的口译,模糊笼统数字的口译,大家好,7,几个,十几个,几十个,几十年,七十好几了,好几百个,成千上万,/,千千万万,几十万,三三两两,少于,多余,大约,估计，接近，,差不多,some;a few;/several;a number of,more than 10;no more than twenty,dozens of,Decades,well over seventy,hundreds of,thousands of,hundreds of thousands of,by twos and threes,below,fewer than,less than,within,upwards of,above,more than,over,exceed,around,nearly,close to,about,approximately,estimated,大家好,8,特殊倍数的表达,到,2020,年实现国内生产总值比,2000,年,翻两番,达到,40,000,亿美元左右,Quadruple,：增加了三倍，翻两番,double:,增加了一倍，翻一番,treble,：增加两倍，增加到三倍,By 2020,Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 trillion.,今年的粮食产量比去年增长,2,成,.,20%,The output of grain this year increased by 20%over the last year.,大家好,9,by+,数字,/to+,数字,/at+,数字的短语,to,利润从,1.05,亿元降到,7500,万元左右。,A drop in profits from$105 million,to,$75 million.,by,房价上涨了,10%House prices went up,by,10%.,at,中国经济年均增长,9.4%,Chinas economy grows at,an,annual,rate,of 9.4%.,大家好,10,Useful verbs,位居世界第二,Is ranked the second/,中国经济总量位居世界第六，进出口贸易额居世界第四。,Chinas economy is,ranked,the 6th in the world and its foreign trade is ranked the 4th.,China is the worlds sixth,largest,economy and the fourth largest trader.,上涨，增长,To rise,to increase,to climb,to go up,to jump,to soar,A sharp/considerable/slight increase/rise,下降，减少,To fall,to drop,to decline,to decrease,to reduce,，,to go down,A sharp/slight drop/decline,大家好,11,Total,总计,去年收入总计人民币,150,亿元，比上年增长,20%,The revenue of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan,a 20%increase over the previous year.,大家好,12,Short expressionsVery Useful!,今年为,比上年上涨了,a,%increase,over,the previous/last year,up,%.,tons,more than,last year.,全年产量,The,annual,output of,年均进口增速达到,20%,The import grows at an,annual,rate of 20%.,大家好,13,Practice C-E,国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过,30,万亿元，比上年增长,9%,；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入,6.13,万亿元，增长,19.5%,；粮食连续五年增产，总产量,10570,亿斤，创历史最高水平。,大家好,14,The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP topped 30 trillion yuan,an increase,of 9%over the,previous,year.Overall price rises were,held in check,.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan,an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 1.057trillion tons,a record high.,大家好,15,Practice E-C,增加值,added value,合同外资：,contracted,实际使用外资：,actually utilized,大家好,16,1.the annual added value of industry is RMB 6.2815 trillion yuan,an increase of 11.5%over last year.,2.the annual output of grain is 469,470,000 tons,38,770,000tons more than last year and an increase of 9.1%.,3.the annual total volume of import and export is USD 1.1548 trillion,an increase of 35.7%over last year.,4.the annual volume of contracted foreign capital is USD 153.5 billionan increase of 33.4%,and actually utilized foreign capital is USD 60.6 billion,an increase of 13.3%.,5.the annual number of inbound tourists is 109,040,000,and the income from foreign currency is USD 25.7 billion,an increase of 47.9%.,大家好,17,百分数、小数、分数的口译,8%eight percent,15%fifteen percent,42%forty-two percent,4.35%four point three five percent,0.5%point five percent,4.032four point naught three two,71.006seventy-one point naught naught six,1/2one half;a half,1/3one third,1/4a quarter,3/5three-fifths,7/8seven-eighths,1/10one-tenth,1/100one-hundredth,；,one percent,1/1000one-thousandth,14/1000fourteen-thousandths,1/10000one-ten thousandths,2-1/2two and a half,4-2/3four and two-thirds,大家好,18,增,/,减倍数的口译,英汉倍数的表达有相似之处，也有不同。英汉互译时要特别注意不同的英语句型和表达方法所表示的倍数概念与汉语不同。英语用,times,表示倍数。无论在何种句型中都表示乘的关系，即包括基数在内的倍数。请注意以下表示倍数的英语句型及其含义：,A is N times larger,（,longer,，,heavier,）,than B.,A is larger,（,longer,，,heavier,）,than B by N times.,A is N+1 times as large,（,long,，,heavy,）,as B.,这三句英语的含义都是“,A,的大小,(,长度、重量,),是,B,的,N+1,倍”，或者“,A,比,B,大（长、重,）,N,倍”。,大家好,19,根据以上规律，请看下面英语句子的汉译：,(1)The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.,地球的大小是月球的,49,倍。,(,或地球比月球大,48,倍,),(2)Since mid-century,the global economy has nearly quintupled,While the population has doubled,demand for grain has nearly tripled,and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold.,自本世纪中叶以来，全球经济增长了将近四倍，人口翻了一番。结果，粮食的需求增加了近两倍，石油燃料增加了近四倍。,(3)Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world.,30,年内，全世界的城市居民将是农村人口的两倍。,(4)Although London covers less than 400,000 acres,it needs nearly 50 million acre-125 times its area-to provide it with food,timber,and other resources,and to absorb its pollution.,虽然伦敦占地不到,40,万英亩，却需要近,5000,万英亩的土地,125,倍于它本身的面积,来供给它食品，原木和其他资源，并吸收它产生的污染物。,大家好,20,汉语倍数的表示法归纳起来有两类：,第一类表示是,原数的,),几倍，几倍于,(,原数,),或增加到,(,原数的,),几倍。,第二类表示,(,比原数,),大几倍或,(,比原数,),增加了几倍；这两类说法含义不同。,第一类表示包括基数在内的倍数，与英语倍数表示法的含义相同。,第二类表示净增倍数。,因此，汉语倍数的英译首先要区分不同含义，选用恰当的句型，灵活准确地表达。如果用能,N times/,表示英语的包括基数在内的倍数，那么汉语的第二类表示,“,增加了几倍,”,的英译就要用,(N+1)times,来表示。,大家好,21,例如：,去年这个公司手机的销量增长了近一倍（为原来的两倍）。,The sales volume of portable phones of this company increased nearly onefold/100%last year.,The sales volume of portable phones of this company nearly doubled last year.,大家好,22,汉语增加倍数的说法很多，英译时，首先要仔细区分是包括基数在内的增加倍数还是净增倍数，然后决定用,N times,还是（,N+1,）,times,来表达。,大家好,23,例如：,(1),过去,20,年中，中国的国内生产总值增长了近五倍。,In the past 20 years,Chinas gross domestic product increased nearly five times.,(2)1978,年至,1997,年，中国人均生产总值增长了,3.4,倍。,Chinas per capita GDP went up by 3.4 times between 1978 and 1997.,(3),中国城镇居民人均居住面积由,1978,年的,3.6,平方米提高到,1997,年的,8.8,平方米，增加,1.4,倍。,The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997,a rise of 1.4 times.,(4)1949,年至,1998,年,中国的粮食总产量由,1.1,亿吨增加到,5.1,亿吨,增长,3.5,倍,年平均增长,3.1%,是人口增长率的,2.5,倍。,Chinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998,or an increase of over 3.5 times,with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent,2.5 times that of the population growth.,(5)1997,年,全国高等学校在校生总数为,608,万人,其中研究生,18,万人,分别是,1979,年的,2.2,倍和,9.6,倍。,In 1997,，,6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities,including 180,000 postgraduates,2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectively.,大家好,24,由于汉语很少用,“,减少了若干倍,”,的说法，而多用,“,减少了百分之几,”,或,“,减少了几成,”,的说法，因此，减少多用百分数和分数表示。,大家好,25,例如：,(1),由于水灾，去年的收成减少了三成。,Owing to floods,grain output last year declined by 30 percent.,(2),该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一，开支减少了四分之一。,The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.,(3)1998年，政府机构改革目标实现。国务院下设部门从,40,个减少到,29,个，人员减少了近一半。,In 1998,，,the targets of restructuring governmental institutions were met.Departments under the State Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.,大家好,26,增,/,减百分比的口译,“,增,/,减了百分之几,”,英语和汉语的含义一致，都表示净增或净减百分数。英汉增,/,减百分数的表示法有以下几种：,1),增,/,减了,%,increase/rise/grow,%,decrease/drop/fall/sink,%,或者,increase/rise/grow/go up by,%,decrease/drop/fall/go down by,%,大家好,27,(1)Between 1986 and 1987,Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.,与,“,锐步,”,鞋业竞争的结果，从,1986,到,1987,年耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了,18%,，利润下降了,40%,多。,(2)By putting out more than one new shoe style everyday on average,in 1995 and 1996,Nikes sales and profits grew 71 percent and 80 percent respectively,；,meanwhile,Nikes closest rival Reebok grew just nine percent in the same period.,靠平均每天推出一个以上新（鞋）款式，,1995,到,1996,，耐克的销售额和利润分别上涨了,71%,和,80%,。而同期最接近耐克的竞争对手锐步只上涨了,9%,。,(3)Procter&Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%.,(,美国,),普罗科特,甘布尔公司刚刚把他们的纸制品价格提高了,8%,。,大家好,28,(4)Spending on non-durables-everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes-rose 30%last year.,去年非耐用品，从皂片、剃须刀到网球鞋的消费上升了,30%,5)In the fiscal year of 2000,ending on March 30,export slumped 11.3 percent in Taiwan,10 percent in Thailand,9.9 percent in South Korea and 2.4 percent in Hong Kong.However,the Chinese mainland posted a respectable 7.5 percent rate in the first quarter.,在,3,月,30,日刚刚结束的,2000,财政年度，台湾的出口猛跌了,11.3%,，泰国,10%,、南韩,9.9%,、香港,2.4%,。然而，中国大陆却公布了第一季度,7.5%,的可观增长。,(6)In America,the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997,down 8.7 percent from 1992,while the number between(the age of)25 to 34 fell 28 percent.,在美国以农业为主要职业的人数,1997,下降到,961560,人，比,1992,下降了,8.7而年龄在,25,到,34,岁的人数下降了,28%,。,大家好,29,2),与,相比，增,/,减了,%,increase/rise/grow/go up by,%(as)compared with/as against/as opposed to/over,decrease/drop/fall/go down by,%(as)compared with/as against/as opposed to/over,大家好,30,例如,:,(1)1999,年，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了,47.4%,。,University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 percent over the previous year.,(2),同,1997,年相比，,1998,年工业排污减少了,11.6%,；家庭排污增加了,2.6%,。,Compared with 1997,the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent,while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.,(3),因受亚洲金融危机的冲击，,1998,年中国进出口总额比上年下降,0.4%,，其中进口总额下降,1.5%,；出口总额增长,0.5%,。,As a result of Asian financial crises,Chinas total volume of import and export in 1998 dropped by 0.4 percent over the previous year,of which the volume of import went down by 1.5 percent,and the volume of export went up by 0.5 percent.,大家好,31,3),增,/,减率,be%increase/rise/growth,be%decrease/drop/decline,an increase/a rise/a growth rate of%,a decrease/drop/decline of%,be%up/down,be up/down%,大家好,32,例如：,1999,年，中国外贸出口达,1949,亿美元，比上年增长,6.1%,。,China,s total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999,a rise of 6.1 percent over the previous year.,1998,年，中国全年海外游客入境人数,6348,万人次，比上年增长,10.2%,国际旅游收入达,126,亿美元,增长,4.4%,。,In 1998,China received 63.48 million tourists from overseas,up by 10.2 percent.Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 million US dollars,up 4.4 percent.,大家好,33,4),增,/,减具体数字的英译也可用“,by”+,具体数字来表示。,例如：,我国水土流失面积每年以,10,000,平方公里的速度在扩大。目前，水土流失面积已达,367,万平方公里,占总土地面积将近,38%,。,The area of soil erosion in China has been increasing by 10,000 square km.annually to 3.67 million square km.at present,accounting for nearly 38 percent of the total land area.,由于低温多雨的影响,我国夏粮减产,1460,万吨。,Chinas output of summer grain declined by 14.6 million tons due to low temperature and rainy days during the growing period.,大家好,34,汉语增,/,减百分数的英译还有一些其它表示法，但不管用什么方法，英语的增,/,减百分数都是净增,/,减数。,实践是训练数字互译的根本途径。口译教学要集中一段时间专门进行数字口译训练。译员只有经过大量反复的数字口译实践才能掌握英汉数字互译的不同特点和规律，达到数字互译脱口而出，快速、准确的程度。,大家好,35,World Population,With its two giants,China and India,Asia is the home of the majority of the worlds 6 billion human inhabitants,，,and Africa the second most popular continent.The UN population fund said in its 1998 report on population growth,Asia counts 3.5 billion people.Its most populous countries are China,with 1.2 billion plus another 6.3 million in Hong Kong and India with 975.8 million,followed far behind by Indonesia with 125.9 million and Bangladesh with 124 million.,India,which has continued to hold the record for a higher birth rate than China,is expected to grow in the year 2025 to 1.3 billion residents.,The projected population for all of Asia in the year 2025 is 4.7 billion.,In Africa,the UN Population Fund reported counted 778.5 million residents,with 1.4 billion anticipated in 2025.,大家好,36,Nigeria is Africas most populous country with 121.8 million residents.Egypt is next with 65.7 million,followed by Ethiopia with 62.1 million,the Democratic Republic of Congo with 49.2 million,and South Africa with 44.3 million.,Nigeria,the DRC and Ethiopia are expected to double their population in one generation by the year 2025.,The European continent counts 729.4 million residents,with Russia still the most populous country at 147.2 million,though its population growth is declining.Germany is next with 82.4 million.,Europe,according to the UN report is the sole continent whose population is expected to decline,dropping to 701.1 million residents in the year 2025.,North America,with the United States and its 273.8 million residents counts 304.1 million people,though the number is expected to rise to 369 million in 2025.,大家好,37,2000,年第五次全国人口普查主要数据,国家统计局今天公布了,2000,年第五次全国人口普查结果：,大家好,38,一、总人口,全国总人口为,129533,万人。其中：,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市（不包括福建省的金门、马祖等岛屿，下同）和现役军人的人口共,126583,万人。,香港特别行政区人口为,678,万人。,澳门特别行政区人口为,44,万人。,台湾省和福建省的金门、马祖等岛屿人口为,2228,万人。,大家好,39,二、人口增长,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口，同第四次全国人口普查,1990,年,7,月,1,日,0,时的,113368,万人相比，十年零四个月共增加了,13215,万人，增长,11.66%,。平均每年增加,1279,万人，年平均增长率为,1.07%,。,三、家庭户人口,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市共有家庭户,34837,万户，家庭人口为,119839,万人，平均每个家庭户的人口为,3.44,人，比,1990,年第四次全国人口普查的,3.96,人减少了,0.52,人。,四、总人口性别构成,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中，男性为,65355,万人，占总人口的,51.63%,；女性为,61228,万人，占总人口的,48.37%,。性别比（以女性为,100,，男性对女性的比例）为,106,74,。,大家好,40,五、年龄构成,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中，,-14,岁的人口为,28979,万人。占总人口的,22.89%,；,15-64,岁的人口为,88793,万人，占总人口的,70.15%,；,65,岁及以上的人口为,8811,万人，占总人口的,6.96%,。同,1990,年第四次全国人口普查相比，,-14,岁人口的比重下降了,4.80,个百分点，岁及以上人口的比重上升了,.39,个百分点。,六、民族构成,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中，汉族人口为,115940万人，占总人口的,91.59%,；少数民族人口为,1064,万人，占总人口的,8.41%,。同,1990,年第四次全国人口普查相比，汉族人口增加了,11692,万人，增长了,11.22%,；各少数民族人口增加了,1523,万人，增长了,16.70%,。,大家好,41,七、各种受教育程度人口,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中，接受大学（指大专以上）教育的,4571,万人；接受高中（含中专）教育的,14109,万人；接受初中教育的,42989,万人；接受小学教育的,45191,万人（以上各种受教育程度的人包括各类学校的毕业生、肄业生和在校生）。,同,1990,年第四次全国人口普查相比，每,10,万人中拥有各种受教育程度的人数有如下变化：具有大学程度的由,1422,人上升为,3611,人；具有高中程度的由,8039,人上升为,11146,人；具有初中程度的由,23344,人上升为,33961,人；具有小学程度的,37057,人下降为,35701,人。,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中，文盲人口（,15,岁及,15,岁以上不识字或识字很少的人）为,8507,万人，同,1990,年第四次全国人口普查相比，文盲率由,15.88%,下降为,6.72%,，下降了,9.16,个百分点。,大家好,42,八、城乡人口,祖国大陆,31,个省、自治区、直辖市的人口中，居住在城镇的人口,45594,万人，占总人口的,36.09%,；居住在乡村的人口,80739,万人，占总人口的,63.91%,。同,1990,年第四次全国人口普查相比，城镇人口占总人口的比重上升了,9.86,个百分点。,大家好,43,Topic:Tour and Visit,Famous Universities,大家好,44,Fudan University Vocabulary,campus,college,Bachelors degree program/master/doctor secondary discipline,National key discipline,Crossdisciplinary research institute,confer degree,Ministry of Education,post-doctoral research station,teaching hospital,faculty,associate professor,Academician(Chinese Academy of Science/Engineering),Doctoral supervisor,校区,:,学院,:,学士学位授予点,:,二级学科,:,国家重点学科：,跨学科研究所,:,授予学位,:,教育部,:,博士后科学研究流动站,:,教学医院,:,教职员工：副教授：,院士：,博导,:,大家好,45,Shanghai International Studies University(SISU),上海市政府：,国务院：,研究生,:,全日制本科生,:,专科生：,Shanghai Municipal government,State Council of the Peoples Republic of China.,post graduate students,full time postgraduate students,college student,大家好,46,上海外国语大学创建于,1949,年,12,月，原名为上海俄文学校,.1963,年由国务院批准成为一所全国重点高校,.,Shanghai International Studies University(SISU)was founded in 1949,originally known as Shanghai College of Russian.In 1963,SISU became a national key institution of higher learning upon approval by the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China.,1994,年，经国家教委批准，学校正式改名为上海外国语大学并被列为国家教委和上海市共同建设的首批学校之一,.1996,年国家教委批准进入“,211,工程”,.,In 1994,approved by the State Education Commission(SEC),the University adopted its present name and was selected as one of the first universities in Shanghai to be jointly funded by SEC and Shanghai Municipal Government.In 1996,SISU was granted to be a“