英语写作表逻辑关系的关联词PPT课件.ppt

1.v1.表顺承、补充与递进2.1.表顺承、补充与递进:and;whats more;besides;moreover;furthermore;in addition;additionally;further（而且，况且）;similarly;also;either;too;whats worse;on the one hand.，on the other hand.；to make matters/things worse(使事情更糟的是).如：I dont want to go;besides,Im too tired.The rent is reasonable,and moreover,the location is perfect.3.v2.表转折4.2.表转折：but;however;yet;instead;on the contrary（相反地）;nevertheless（然而）;otherwise;after all(毕竟).Eg:Its too hot to go for a walk,lets go swimming instead.5.v3.表因果v(1)引出原因6.3.表因果：(1)引出原因:for;as;since;now that;because;thanks/owing/due to;because of;on account of;as a result/consequence of;in consequence of;result from（vt，由引起）;Eg:We should be more careful,for it is already dark.Lets stay at home,for its raining hard outside.7.v(2)引出结果8.(2)引出结果:so;therefore;thus;hence;as a result/consequence;in consequence;consequently;account for（v，是的原因）;result in（vt，导致）;lead to（vt，导致）;bring about（vt，导致）;cause（vt，导致）;so that(以致);(so)that;(祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子）Eg:These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.9.v4.表让步10.4.表让步:although;though;while;even if/though;while;as倒装句；疑问词-ever;no matter+疑问词;despite;in spite of;however;in any case;Eg:While I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.Fail as I did,I would never give up.11.v5.表目的12.5.表目的:in order to/that;so as to;for fear that;so that(以便);lest;in case（以防，以免）.Eg:He ran away lest he should be seen.She took an umbrella with her for fear(that)it might rain.13.v6.表条件14.6.表条件:if;unless;once(一旦,用于将来动作);so/as long as（只要）;suppose(that);supposing that;providing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);given that;on condition that（如果）;in case+句子;in case of+名词（万一）.Eg:Given that the patients have some disabilities,we will try to enable them to be as independent as possible.In case John comes,please tell him to wait.You may borrow the book,on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.15.v7.表时间16.7.表时间:before;after;when;while;as;since;until;till;the week/year;by the time;as soon as;the moment/minute/instant/second/time+句子;no soonerthan;hardly/scarcelywhen;on/upon+名词/动名词;ever since（从那时以来）;from then on;lately;recently;later;afterwards;Eg:Well leave the minute you are ready.I had hardly come home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I come home when it began to rain.17.v8表示特定的顺序关系18.8表示特定的顺序关系：to begin with;initially;first of all;firstly;first;secondly;second;then;next;finally;in the end;eventually;last but not least；at last;Eg:And above all,remember to send us your new address.Firstly Ill mention the advantage,then Ill talk about the disadvantages.19.v9.换一种方式表达20.v9.换一种方式表达：in other words;that is to say;to put it another way.v Eg:Lets go back to the original plan,that is to say,you go ahead by plane and well follow by car with the equipment.v Your performance in the exam didnt reach the required standard in other words,you failed.21.v10.进行举例说明22.v10.进行举例说明：for instance;for example;like;for one thing.，for another.;in particular；a good example(of.)would be.；such as.vEg:Weve planted lots of different flowers,such as roses,carnations.23.v11.用于陈述事实24.v11.用于陈述事实：in fact;in reality;as a matter of fact;actually;to tell you the vtruth.vEg:She says its a good film.Actually,she hasnt seen it at all.v To tell you the truth,who will go to the meeting is not important.25.v12.对一个话题进行总结26.v12.对一个话题进行总结：on the whole;in short;all in all;in general;in brief；to sum up；in conclusion;in summary；to conclude；in a word.vEg:On the whole,the area of desert in the world is growing every year.v In short,the film was the best Ive ever seen.27.2.文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。28.（1）用于“启”的过渡词语 用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：v：first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,vItisoftensaidthat,vAstheproverbsays,vItgoeswithoutsayingthat,vItisclear/obviousthat,vManypeopleoftenask29.（2）用于“承”的过渡词语 表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：vsecond,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt，vItistruethat,vEverybodyknowsthat,vItcanbeeasilyprovedthat,vNoonecandenythatvThereasonwhyisthat,vThereisnodoubtthat,vTotakeforanexample(instance),vWeknowthat,vWhatismoreseriousisthat30.（3）用于“转”的过渡词语 用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中：vbut,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate,nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof.,yet,instead,vIdonotbelievethat,vPerhapsyoullaskwhyvThismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto,vThoughweareinbasicagreementwith,yetdifferenceswillbefound,vThatswhyIfeelthat31.（4）用于“合”的过渡词语 用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中vinaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking，tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus，afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum,onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumupvFromthispointofviewvOnaccountofthiswecanfindthatvTheresultisdependentonvThus,thisisthereasonwhywemust32.v TV and websitevTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.Theyhavesomethingincommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.Websitesalsohavedifferentsections.Youmaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.vTheyaredifferentinmanyways.MovingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation.Itmakesyoufeelthatyouarejustonthespot.Theprogramschangeeveryday.ProfessionalTVreportersdothereportforTV.vSomeinformationonwebsiteschangeallthetime.Notallofitissoupdated.Everybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesratherthanprofessionalreporter.vEverymediumhasitsownfeatures.Itishardtosaywhichisbetter.33.v TV and websitevBoth TV and website are popular media.They have something in common.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.Similar toTV,websitesalsohavedifferentsections,so thatyoumaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.vHowever,they are different in many ways.Above all,movingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation,whichmakesyoufeelasifyouarejustonthespot.Then,theprogramschangeeverydayandprofessionalTVreportersdothereportforTV.Unlike TV,someinformationonwebsiteschangeallthetime,butnotallofitissoupdated.In addition,everybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesrather thanprofessionalreporter.vIn a word,every medium has its own features,so it is hard to say which is better.34.v假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。v赞成迁出：1.游客多，交通堵塞2.郊区环境好;反对迁出1.建于1906年，中外闻名2.搬迁易造成动物死亡注意：1.词数100字左右，信的开头已为你写好。v2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。v3.参考词汇：郊区suburbvJune3,2007vDearEditor,vRecently,ourclasshashadaheateddiscussionaboutwhethertheBeijingZooshouldbemovedoutofthecity.vvvvJune3,200735.36.37.38.39.40.