高一英语上册语法复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Attributive Clause,定语从句,1.,定义：,2.,先行词：,3.,关系代词、关系副词：,在复合句中用来,用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（,antecedent,）。,引导定语从句的词,关系代词：,关系副词：,Who,whom,whose,which,that,等,When,where,why,等,关系代词和关系副词的作用：,1,、引导作用,2,、替代作用,3,、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用,Eg:1.Those who want to go please sign your,names here.,2.This is the house where he was born.,3.Bill,who was here yesterday,asked me a lot,of questions.,关系代词的用法,指 代,所作成分,是否可省略,That,Which,Who,Whom,whose,人；物,物,人,人,人、物,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,关系副词的用法,指代,所作成分,是否可省略,When,Where,why,时间,状语,否,地点,状语,否,原因,状语否,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie.,2.He is the model worker whom/who we,should learn from.,3.A dictionary is a book which often helps us,to know the meanings of the words.,4.This is the film which I like best.,5.The boy whose father is a professor is one of,my best friends指代、所作成分、是否可省略,6.The house whose roof was blown away by the storm,will be rebuilt soon.,7.It was 11 oclock when the accident happened last,night.,8.This is the village where I was brought up.,关系代词,which,和,that,的区别：,A.,关系代词必须用,that,的情形：,This is,the best,film that I have ever seen.,The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.,This is,the only,ticket that I got yesterday.,This is,the very,book that Im looking for.,Is there,anything,that I can do for you?,All,that you have to do is to press the button.,There is no time that we can waste.,The car and its driver,that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.,Summarize:,只能用,that,引导定语从句的几种情况,1),先行词被,序数词或形容词最高级,所修饰时。,2,）先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,修饰时。,3),先行词是,不定代词,all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,等,.,4,）先行词被,all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,等修饰。,5,）先行词既有,人,又有,物,时。,B.,指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用,which,This is the question,about,which weve had so much discussion.,Practice:,1.They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.,A.what B.that C.which D.where,2.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.(1992),A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom,3.,I dont like _ you speak to her.(1993,上海,),A.the way B.the way in that,C.the way which D.the way of which,B,D,A,Correct the following sentences:,1.This is the best film which I have seen.,2.Thats all which want to say.,This is the best film that I have seen.,Thats all that I want to say.,3.Is there anything which you want in this,shop?,4.He talked about some writers and books,which/who were unknown to us all.,5.The room in that she lives is a large one.,Is there anything that you want in this shop?,He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.,The room in which she lives is a large one.,关系副词,when,where,why,的用法,1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit,the museum together?,Do you still remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together?,2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked.,This is the factory in whichmy father once worked.,3.This is the reason whyhe was late.,This is the reason for which he was late.,Summarize:,在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上,which,，在从句中作状语,When=in/at/on/+which;,Where=in/at/on/+which;,Why=for/+which,Practice:,1.,-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.(1999),-Is that the reason_ you had a few days off?,A.why B.when C.what D.where,2.Im going to visit the school _ my mother taught physics ten years ago.,A.where B.that C.which D.what,3.Do you still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing?,A.which B.that C.when D.where,A,A,C,关系副词,when,where,和关系代词,that,which,的区分,同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用,where,，有时使用,that/which,；,同样是修饰一个时间有时使用,when,，有时使用,that/which,主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。,请比较以下句子：,This is the park,that,we visited last year.(,从句意思不完整需要加宾语,),This is the park where we held a birthday party.,（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）,Thats the date,that,she wont forget for ever.,Thats the date when we went to the college.,I like the time,that,we had together.,I like the time when we lived together.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,定义：,限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。,Compare the following sentences:,A man who does not try to learn from others cant,achieve much.,Therere many plays(that)Id like to see.,This note was left by Xiao Wu,who was just here.,Yesterday Mr Brown paid a visit to Hangzhou,which is famous for its West Lake.,They have invited me to visit their country,which is very kind of them.,Summarize:,1.,限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制,性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。,2.,非限制性定语从句不能用,that,来引导。,3.,非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。,*,关系代词和人称代词,/,指示代词的选择,He has three sons,none of _ is a doctor.He has three sons,but none of _ is a doctor.He has three sons,_ are doctors.He has three sons,;,_ are doctors.A.whom B.them C.they D.who,A,D,B,C,Practice:,1._ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001),A.It B.As C.That D.What,2.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science.,(1998),A.which I think is B.which I think it is,C.which I think it D.I think which is,3.,I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.(1994,上海,),A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who,B,A,B,Correct mistakes for the following sentences.,1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from class two.,2.My mother has a good book,which cover looks terrible.,3.Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?,4.She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.,5.Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.,6.Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?,7.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.,8.There is an old woman,that is holding a stick.,whom,whose,that,are,likes,去掉,her,去掉,it,who,主动表示被动：,某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如,look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound,等,The flower,smells,sweet.,The dish,tastes,delicious.,The cloth,feels,very soft.,The stones have,worn,smooth.,2.,某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表示被动意义，如,wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph,等,This type of recorder,sells,well.,That kind of shirt,washes,very well.,Ripe apples,peel,easily.,The plays wont,act,.,Nylon,dries,quickly.,6)The novel reads well.,7)The door opens with difficulty.,8)The wood wont burn.,9)Water heats rapidly.,10)This kind of shirt cleans easily.,11)Her coat caught in the door/on the nail.,比较：,1.The box doesnt lock.,这个箱子锁不上。（箱子本身的性质）,2.The box was not locked.,这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态）,3.The theory proved to be correct.,那个理论证明是正确的。,（含有自身证明的特征）,4.The theory was proved to be correct.,那个理论被证明是正确的。（被人证明）,3.want,need,require,和,be worth,等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,The book is,worth reading,.,The coat,requires mending,.,The children,needs looking after,.,The table,wants cleaning,.,那是不堪想象的。,这规则需要下,点功夫才能学会。,某些作表语,(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。,The box is,too heavy to lift,.,She is easy,to approach,.,The fish is not fit,to eat,.,He is hard,to please,.,The passage is difficult,to read,.,The jewel is,too expensive to buy,.,There are a lot of work to do/to be done.,There are a lot of work for us to do.,The Passive Voice,被动语态,了解被动语态,被动语态构成：,be+P.P,2,、形式,:,1,）一般现在时：,am/is/are+P.P,1.,英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态,2),一般过去时：,was/were+P.P,3),情态动词,+be+P.P,4),一般将来时：,will+be+p.p,5),现在完成时：,have/has+been+P.P,6),现在进行时态：,is/am/are+being+P.P,1.Bananas,are grown,in Hainan.,(,海南种植香焦。）,2.Many more trees,will be planted,in our school next year.,（,我们学校明年将种更多的树,。）,3.,Were,the trees,planted,by him.,这些树是他种的吗,？,4.Young trees,must be looked after,.,(,必须照看好小树）,5.The building,is being built,.,(,那栋楼房正在建设中。）,6.,The homework,has been finished,yet.,（家作已经做完了。）,1.He teaches,English,in our school.,English,is taught in our school by him.,语态转换,宾提前变主，主变介,by,宾，被动,be,加,done,时态看主动,2,.,We planted many trees last years.,Many trees,were planted,by us last year.,过去时的被动语态：,was/were+P.P,3,.We should plant many more trees.,Many more trees,should be planted,by us.,含情态动词的被动语态：,情态动词,+be+PP,4.She will teach Class 6.,Class 6,will be taught,by her.,将来时的被动语态：,Will/shall+be+PP,5.Many countries have sent up satellites,into space.,Satellites have been sent up into space,by many countries.,完成时的被动语,:,Have/has+been+PP,现在进行时的被动语态：,is+being+pp,6.She is teaching Class 6.,Class 6 is being taught by her.,I,was given,a book,by her.,A book,was given,to,me by her.,7.She gave,me,a book.,如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前,to/for,（,pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell,）,8.He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,这些动词真奇怪，主动句中,to,离开，被动句中,to,回 来。（,feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch),9.They take good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个,整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,1Stamps_by people for sending letters.,A.use B.using C.used D.are used.,2.Must old people_to politely?,A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken,3.Bike mustnt_everywhere.,A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting,4.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.,A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain,D,D,B,A,5.The old man and the children_in our country.,A.must take good care .B.must be take good care of,C.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of,6.All trees must_well when it is dry.,A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered,7._I think the shop_.,_No,its open.It_at six.,close,close B closed,closed,Cclosed;closes D.is closed,closes,D,D,D,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。,1.We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song.An English song _ _ _ by the children.4.You neednt do it now.It _ _ _ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _that for him.7.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.,can be finished,is produced,will be sung,needn,t be done,was sent to,was made to do,has been given,A traffic accident _(happen)just now.,happened,2.,连系动词,（,Link.v.),如：,be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become,Peking Opera _(sound)beautiful.,sounds,3.,当此动词表示,事物的自然属性,的时候,:,The pen _(write)very fast.,writes,This kind of sweater _(sell)well.,sells,1.,不及物动词,（,vi.),如,:happen,take place,appeardisappear,不用被动语态的动词,：,1.Large numbers of plastic bags _(use)in the supermarkets every day.,2._ our country _(send)up another man-made satellite last year?,3.Must the old people _(speak)to politely?,4.Her grandma was still alive when he _(take)to the hospital.,5.English _(speak)in many counties.,are used,Did,send,be spoken,was taken,is spoken,6.Three quarters of the worlds books _(write)in English.,7.This kind of sweater _(sell)well.,8._ Lesson 50 _(teach)next week?,are written,sells,Will,be taught,Fill in the blanks using right forms:,1.All the students _(ask)to bring a kite with them last Sunday.,2.Are many ways _(try)to stop people from cutting down so many trees?,3.What are on show in the museum?,Some photos _(take)by American children.,4.,This coat _(wash)well.,9.Have you found your necklace _(,偷,)last week?,6.Im often _(,警告）,not to copy others homework.,7.He couldnt explain why dinosaurs _(,消失,).,8.Ill have my bike _(,修理,)tomorrow.,5.Must the old people _(speak)to politely?,10.The PRC was _(,成立,)on October 1,1949.,were asked,tried,taken,washes,be spoken,warned,disappeared,mended,repaired,stolen,founded,Thank you!,Goodbye!,Indirect Speech,Direct Speech,and,一字不改地引用或复述别人的,话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；,直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置,常在句尾或句首。,用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分,就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一,般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。,原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。,“Take off your boots,”,he said,.,“I dont know where your bike is,”,said the Arab,.,“Im sorry,”,the professor said to,the class,“but none of you,watched,carefully enough.”,Direct Speech:,用自己的话转述别人所说的内容。通常,以宾语从句的形式出现。当直接引语变,为间接引语时，有关的人称、语序、时,态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少,数动词都要作相应的改变。,Indirect Speech:,时,态,的,变,化,直接引语,间接引语,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时或不变,过去将来时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,过去进行时,过去（完成）进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时,附：,代词,时间,状语,地点,状语,少数,动词,直 接,间 接,this,these,here,now,come,bring,can,may,must,that,those,there,then,go,take,could,might,had to,直 接,间 接,three years,ago,three years,before,last year,the,year,before,last week,the,week,before,this,year,that,year,next week,the,next,week,next year,the following,year,today,that,day,yesterday,the,day,before,tomorrow,The next,day,the following,day,时,间,状,语,陈述句：,引语前用,that,引导,有时也可以不用。,He said,“I opened the window this,morning.”,He said that he opened the window,that morning.,My sister said,“We have cleaned,the floor.”,My sister said that they had,cleaned the floor.,The manager said to me,“You,must go there next week.”,The manager told me that,I had to go there the next week.,The girl said,“I can do my,homework myself.”,The girl said that she could do her,homework herself.,如直接引语是客观真理，,变为间接引语时，时态不变。,The teacher said in class,“The,moon moves around the earth.”,The teacher said in class that the,moon moves around the earth.,陈述句,直接引语变间接引语的结构：,A said that,A told B that,The girl said that,she could do,her homework herself.,The manager told me,that I had,to go there the next week.,一般疑问句：,变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序（主语,先写）用,if,或,whether,引导。时态等作,相应变化。,He asked,“Can you hear me?”,He asked if/whether I could hear,him.,The teacher asked,“Have you read,this book,Bob,?”,The teacher asked,Bob,if/whether,he had read that book.,She,said to,me,“Will you go there,with me?”,She asked me if/whether I would,go there with her.,She asked,“Did you see the film,yesterday,Peter,?”,She asked,Peter,if/whether he had,seen the film the day before.,“Are you leaving today or,tomorrow?”Joan asked Kate.,Joan asked Kate if/whether she was,leaving that day or the next day.,一般疑问句,直接引语变间接引语的结构：,A asked if/whether,A asked B if whether,He asked if/whether,I could hear,him.,The teacher asked Bob,if/whether,he had read that book.,特殊疑问句：,变为间接引语后，仍用原来的疑问词引,导，用陈述语序。时态等作相应变化。,When,did they build this bridge?”,she asked.,She asked,when,they built that,bridge.,The teacher asked her,“,Why,did,you come late?”,The teacher asked her,why,she,came late.,Robert asked Alice,“,Where,is my,dictionary?”,Robert asked Alice,where,his,dictionary was.,Mrs.Bill asked him,“,Whichbook,do you like best?”,Mrs.Bill asked him,which,book he,liked best.,特殊疑问句,直接引语变间接引语的结构：,A asked+,原句疑问词,A asked B+,原句疑问词,She asked when,they built that,bridge.,Mrs.Bill asked him which,book he,liked best.,祈使句：,改为间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语,形式出现的宾语补足语（动词常是,ask/,tell/order/advise/warn/remind,等）。,He,said to,the girl,“Do it at once.”,He told the girl to do it at once.,Mrs.Hill said,“,please,sing at our,party,Mary,.”,Mrs.Hill asked Mary to sing at,their party.,She,said to,me,“Dont smoke in,the classroom.”,She told me not to smoke in the,classroom.,He said,“,Lets,go fishing,tomorrow.”,He suggested going fishing the,next day.,祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构,(sb to do sth),：,A told B(not)to do,A asked B(not)to do,He told the girl to do,it at once.,Mrs.Hill asked Mary to sing,at,their party.,二）祈使句改间接引语后是,sb(not),to do sth,结构 注意以下几点,1.said/said to,要变成,asked/told/,order,等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。,2.,呼语变宾语，,please,要去掉,.,感叹句,直接引语,(,变化前,),H