分词作状语-PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Good Morning!,1,在英语中，当名词有多个形容词修饰时，就有它们的先后顺序。下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序，也是解题的关键。,限定描绘大长高，,形状年龄和新老；,颜色国籍跟材料，,作用类别往后靠；,“限定词”包括,：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有,all,、,half,、,both,、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如,:both my hands,、,all half his income,等。,“描绘”性形容词,如：,beautiful,、,bad,、,cold,、,great,等。,“大长高”,表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。,表示,“形状”,的词如：,round square,等。,“国籍”,指一个国家或地区的词。,“材料”,的词如：,wooden,woolen,stone,silk,等。,“作用类别”,的词如：,medical,college,，,writing desk,，,police car,2,如果你记住,Opshacom,这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。,Opshacom,中,op,代表,opinion指表示人们观点的形容 词，如,beautiful,，,horrible,，,lovely,，,nice,等；,sh,代表,shape,，指表示形状的形容词，如,long,，,short,，,round,narrow,等；,a,代表,age,，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如,old,，,new,，,youn,等；,c,代表,colour,，指表示颜色的形容词，如,red,black,orange,等；,o,代表,origin,，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如,British,，,Canadian,，,German,等；,m,代表,material,，指表示材料的形容词，如,plastic,，,metal,，,wooden,。,英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如,a nice long new black British plastic pen,当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。,3,动词的非谓语形式,之 分词,4,动词的谓语形式既有单复数，又有时态、语态上的变化。,He is a student.(,可单独作谓语,),This will be finished tomorrow.,Mary went shopping yesterday.,非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。无单复数，但有时态和语态变化。不能单独作谓语。其三种形式为,:,to do:,不定式,-,可作主、表、宾、宾补、主补、定、状,doing:,动名词,-,可作主、表、宾、定、介宾,(,现在,),分词,done:(,过去,),分词,注,:,非谓语动词的否定形式,not,皆置于其前,.not to do/doing/done,-,可作表、宾补、主补、定语、状语,5,分词的时态语态变化表,注：,1,）分词分现在分词和过去分词。,2,）现在分词在时态上分一般式和完成式。,一般式（,doing,）表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时或基本同时发生。,完成式（,having done,）表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,Being a student,he was interested in books.,Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the place very well.,3),现在分词在语态上分主动和被动。,The question being discussed is important.,Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.,4),过去分词本身就既可表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，又含有被动意义。,6,分词,/,分词短语作状语,分词或分词短语作状语,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。,可以表示时间（,when,，,while,，,once,，,until,），原因（,as,，,since,because,），结果（,so that,），条件（,if,，,unless,），让步（,though,，,even if,）等（这时可用状语从句取代）；,还表示行为方式、伴随状况等（可用并列句替代）。,7,状语从句改为分词短语做状语的条件是：,主句与从句的主语要一致。,然后，再考虑以下几点：,1.,此时，可以省略从句中的连词、主语及助动词，将从句中的谓语动词改为分词形式。,2.,从句中的连词若是,when,，,while,，,where,，,as if,，,even if,，,although,，,once,，,unless,，,until,，可以保留该连词。,3.,在该分词的时态和语态上,分以下几种情况,:,(1),从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且主从句动作,(,基本,),同时发生时,即用现在分词的一般式,:doing,When they heard the news,they all danced for joy.,When hearing/Hearing the news,they all danced for joy.,8,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,9,Exercises:,Because I am a student,I must study hard.,If you exercise every morning,youll improve your health.,Although I admit what you say,I still think you are wrong.,The children ran out of the room,and laughed and talked merrily.,Flowers danced in the gentle breeze as if they were giving encouragement to the people working in the fields.,Being a student,I must study hard.,(If)Exercising every morning,(Although)Admitting what you say,laughing and talking merrily.,as if giving,10,(2),从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且从句动作在主句动作之前发生或从句中的谓语本来就是完成时,即用现在分词的完成式,:having done,Because he had lived in the city for years,he knew it very well.,Having lived,in the city for years,he knew it very well.,Once you have made a promise,you should keep it.,Although he has never been there before,he found the house without any difficulty.,Because she hadnt received his letter,she decided to write again.,(Once)Having made a promise,(Although)Never having been there before,Not having received his letter,11,(3),从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,从句的谓语时态是进行时,并且主从句动作,(,基本,),同时发生时,即用现在分词的一般式的被动语态,:being done,When you are being talked to,you should look into the eyes of the person.,(When)Being talked to,you,(4),从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,从句的谓语动作发生在主句动作之前,即用现在分词的完成式的被动语态having been done(,一般不用,done),If I had been given more time,I would have done it better.,Having been given more time,I,12,(5),从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,并且主从句动作,(,基本,),同时发生时,即用过去分词,:done,When it is heated,water changes into steam.,(When)Heated,water changes into steam.,Because it is filled with excitement,this is more than a novel about war at sea.,If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.,Although he was wounded,the brave soldier continued to fight.,The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.,Filled with excitement,(If)United,we stand;(if)divided,we fall.,(Although)Wounded,The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.,13,