英国政治体制君主立宪制英文介绍.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Political System of UK,英语1204章君婷,outline,1.Constitution,2.,Monarchy,3.,Parliament,4.,Government,5.,Political Parties,Government of United Kingdom,Form of government,Constitutional,Monarchy,Head of state,Monarch,Head of government,Prime Minister,Bicameral Legislature,Legislature,House of Commons,651 members,House of,lords,1100 members,Voting qualifications,universal at age 18,Constitution,unwritten,partly statutes,common law and practice,Highest court,House of,lords,high court of justiciary,1.Constitutional Monarchy,Monarchy:a king or queen serves as the head of state.,Constitutional monarchy:a form of government in wh ich a monarch acts as,head of state,within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution.,1.the power of monarch is limited by the consititution,2.the legal authority is given to the government,3.the executive authority to the government,4.the sovereignreigns,but does not rule.,Contemporary constitutional monarchies include,Australia,Belgium,Cambodia,Canada,Denmark,Japan,Luxembourg,Malaysia,The Netherlands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the,United Kingdom,.,目前世界上的君主立宪制国家有：,欧洲：英国、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、安道尔、摩纳哥、列支敦士登,亚洲：日本、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、尼泊尔,非洲：毛里求斯,美洲：加拿大、巴哈马、安提瓜和巴布达、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、圣,克里斯,多福与尼维斯、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、牙买加,大洋洲：澳大利亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、图瓦卢、所罗门群岛,课外知识链接,The Constitution,Britain doesnt have a constitution,written,down in a single document.The constitution flows from(,出自,)6 sources:,1)The Royal Prerogatives,皇家特权,2)*Statute Laws,成文法,3)*Common Laws,普通法,判例法,4)*Conventions,习惯法,5)Authoritative Opinions,权威意见,6)European Union Laws,欧盟法,2.The Monarch,symbol of the whole nation,head of the ex,ecutive,an integral part of the legislature,Represents the political continuity and adaptability,h,ead of the,judiciary,the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament,TIP:Hereditary,Now:queen Elizabeth II,Elizabeth II,-the supreme governor of the Church of England,3.British Parliament,the centre of the political system in the UK,the supreme legislative body,The Government is drawn from and answerable to it,Parliament,=,Legislature,(,立法机关,),Fouctions,2.It provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for,taxation.,1.it passes laws.,3.It scrutinizes,(,审查,),government,policy,administrate and expenditure,and debate the major issues of the,day.,consists of:,The House of commons,The House of Lords,The House of Lords,(,the,Upper,House,),1.Composition:,About 1,100 hereditary and life peers,2.The,speaker:,Appionted by the sovereign on advice of Prime Minister,3.The qualification:,no parliamentary salary,4.Functions:,T,o revise bills from the House of Commons,as the supreme court of justice and the highest court,appeal for criminal,civil cases from the lower courts,Hear appeals(,上诉,)in the highest Court of Appeal(,最高上诉法院,)in Brita,in,1.The Lords Spiritual(神职贵族),2.The Lords Temporal(世俗贵族),b.,Life Peers(,当世贵族,),c.,Hereditary Peers(,世袭贵族,),a.,Law Lords(,司法议员,),The House of commons,(,the Lower House,),1.Composition:,651 MPs,(,Member,s,of parliament,),2.The speaker:election by,Britian citizens,3.Tenure:,5,years 1,）,at least,18,years old,4.The qualification:,2,）n,o members of,the upper house,5.Functions,1)Make laws,2)Control and criticize the executive government,3)Control the raising and spending of money,House of Lords,Red Chamber,红厅,House of,commons,Green Chamber,绿厅,Do you know?,在,地板中央有两排相距,2.5,米的红线,传说是为了正好超过两柄剑的长度。历史上，此举是为了避免下院的辩论演变为冲突。今天在下院辩发言时两方议员不得超越该线。若有议员在发言时越过该线，将会遭到对方的斥责。这可能也是英文用语“,to,toe the line,”（循规蹈矩）的出处。,有趣的是，下院议事厅只有,427,个坐位，但议员总数却合共,6,51人，并不能安置所有议员。因此，如果有议员迟到，而议事厅又满座的话，那他就只好站在议事厅的入口处，继续参与会议。,Frontbencher,Backbencher,scepter,toe the line,”（循规蹈矩）的出处,4.,British Government,Prime Minister,Ministers(Heads of all important departments),Treasury,财政部,Ministry of Defense,国防,Ministry of Agriculture,Foreign and Commonwealth Office,外交联邦部,Department of Education and Science,Department of Health and Social Security,a.,The Prime Minister,1.W,ins the majority of seats,in the House of Commons,2.,Head of the government,3.,Leader of his party,4.,He has the right to select his cabinet,hand out departmental positions,decide the agenda,(议事日程),for cabinet meetings which he also chairs.,5.,He directs and controls policy for the government.,6.,He keeps the Queen informed of government decisions.(weekly meeting with the Queen),b.The Basic Structure of Britain Government,Monarch,(non-political),Judiciary,(non-political),House of Lords,(semi-political),Court of,Appea,l,House of,Commons,(political),Ministers,Civil service,(non-political),Prime Minister,Cabinet,(political),House of,Lords,Legislature,-Parliament,Executive,Currently Prime Minister of Britain,中文名：戴维,威廉,唐纳德,卡梅伦,外文名：,David William Donald Cameron,出生日期：,1966,年,10,月,9,日,出生地：英国伦敦,毕业院校：?,国籍：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,(the United Kingdom),职业：英国首相,信仰:英国国教,(Anglicanism)(The Church of England understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed).,伊顿公学、牛津大学,c.,The Cabinet,1.Composition:,The Prime Minister and,22,Cabinet,Ministers usually,2.The speaker:,the Foreign Secretary,the,Chancellor of the Exchequer,(财政大臣),3.,Features,:,a.,The cabinet and its committees work in,secrecy,b.,Cabinet meets weekly at No.10 Downing Street,c.,A,ppointed by the Queen with the advice of the PM,4.,Functions,:,1),To make final decisions on the policy present to the parliament2),To exercise the ultimate executive power on the Parliamentary policy,3),To divide and adjust powers among the administrative departments,The collective decision-making body(集权机构),The Oppositions have a,Shadow Cabinet,:,criticize the Governments policy;,expose its weak points;,suggest amendments,修正案）,;,draw attention to other matters the Government might otherwise ignore.,d.,Shadow Cabinet,The Prime Minister:,presides over the Cabinet;informs the Queen at regular meetings;hold meetings,The Cabinet and Ministry,the Queen,:,.,listen to the report of general business of the Government,Cabinetmembers,:,responsible for all Cabinet decisions and the work of their department.,e.Conclusion,（The national symbol）,The king,The upper House,The lower house,The cabinet,appoint,（,judicial power,）,election,The parliament,formally appointed,（legislative power）,（,Executive power,）,responsible,to,compose,people,（the noble）,翻译：从,1714,年以后，国王从来没有否决过议会的议案。,5.,Political Parties,the Labour Party,-in power,the Liberal Democrats,the Conservative Party,-in opposition,The Court,Lord Chancellor-the Chief Justice,the High Court of Justice,(高等法院),the Privy Council,(枢密院）,Court of Appeal,（上诉法院）,county courts（郡法院）,Magistrates courts（治安法院）,the Queens Bench 皇家法院,the Chancery Division 高级法院,the Family Division家庭法院,Thanks,2015.05.27,