必修4-动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语及状语.doc

年 级
高一
学 科
英语
版 本
人教实验版
内容标题
必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
编稿老师
林静

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语

二. 知识精讲
（一）动词的ing形式作表语
1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。
Her duty is taking care of the babies.
照看婴儿是她的职责。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐
2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋
The film we saw last night is quite moving.
我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。

（二）动词的ing形式作定语
1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。
a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机
2. 现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。
Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).
没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。

（三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，这时宾语与宾补之间构成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词之后：
1. 表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。
I felt someone patting on the shoulder.
我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀
I caught a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.
我无意中发现一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。
2. 表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, leave等
Do you think you can get the radio working ?
你认为你能修好这台收音机吗？
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起，让你久等了

知识拓展：
感官动词和使役动词后，除用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外，还可以用省略to 的不定式（强调动作的完成，指全过程）及过去分词（宾语与宾补之间构成被动关系）作宾补。
I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared .
我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。
There was so much noise in the hall that I couldn’t make myself heard.
大厅里太嘈杂了，我说话的声音无法被别人听到。
即学即用：
1. If a solution ________ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved.
A. to protect B protecting C. to protecting D. protect
2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting
4. ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes.
A. Determined; remained  B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained  D. Determining; remaining
5. The houses ________ by the first company will be completed by the end of this year.
A. being built  B. built C. to be building  D. to build
6. He was deeply _______because the story is ____________.
A. moved; moved B. moving; moving
C. moved; moving D. moving; moved

（四）现在分词（短语）（动词-ing形式）作状语
1. 现在分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词作状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。
（1）表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在动词-ing 形式前加一个表示时间的连词，如when，while等。
Turning away (= When she turned around ), she saw a car driving up.
转过身来，她看见一辆车开过来了。
While shopping(= While I was shopping ) in the supermarket , I met an old friend of mine.
在超市购物时， 我碰到了一个老朋友。
Having finished(=After he had finished ) the homework , Henry went home.
完成作业后，亨利就回家了。
(2）表示原因，作原因状语， 相当于原因状语从句。
Not knowing his telephone number (= Since I didn’t know …) , I couldn’t get in touch with him.
由于不知道他的电话号码， 我无法和他取得联系。
Having lived in London for many years (= Because I have lived …) , I almost know every place quite well.
在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。
（3）表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开， 表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。
The fire lasted nearly a month , leaving nothing valuable ( = and left nothing valuable).
大火持续了近一个月， 几乎没剩下有用的东西。
His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在车祸中丧生，以致他成了孤儿。
(4)表示条件，作条件状语， 相当于条件状语从句。
Being more careful ( = If you are more careful), you can make fewer mistakes.
如果你更细心点， 就会少犯错误。
Working hard( = If you work hard ), you will succeed.
努力工作，你会成功的。
(5)表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时分词前可带有连词although , even if , even though.

Admitting what you say ( = Although I admit what you say ) , I still think you are wrong.
虽然承认你所说的话，但我仍然认为你错了。
Although repeating his words many times( = Although the teacher repeated …) , the teacher couldn’t make his students understand.
尽管重复了许多次，老师还是无法让学生理解他自己所说的话。
(6)表示方式、伴随或补充说明。
分词短语表示方式伴随或补充说明时，常用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。 一般情况下，分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，常置于句末，可以用并列句来转换。
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word ( = and didn’t dare to say a word).
我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
He was walking along the street , looking this and that (= and looked this and that ).
他左顾右盼地在街上走着。
When people heard about Qu Yuan’s death , they sailed up and down the river searching for his body(=and searched for his body ).
人们听到屈原的死讯后，在江上来来回回地寻找他的尸体。
2. 现在分词作状语时应注意的问题。
(1)现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性。当分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般式。当现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生时，用分词的完成式。
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
因为没收到父亲的信，他决定打个电话给父亲
(2) 有时现在分词（短语） 有自己的逻辑主语，它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，称之为独立主格结构。
It being a holiday , all the shops were shut.
由于是假期，所有的商店都关门了。
Class being over, children could play football.
下课了孩子们可以踢足球了。
(3)动词-ing 形式可以作插入语，在句中作独立成分，表明说话人的态度。

常见的有：
generally / frankly (honesty ) / exactly(properly)/ speaking
一般/坦白/确切/严格来说
judging by / from …从……判断
considering …考虑到……
supposing …假设……
seeing …因为；鉴于；由于……
Generally speaking , the Chinese prefer tea to coffee.
一般来说，中国人爱喝茶而不爱喝咖啡。
Judging from his accent , he is from the south.
从他的口音判断，他是南方人。
即学即用：
1. It rained nonstop for ten days, completely our holiday.
A. to ruin B. ruined C. having ruined D. ruining
2. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
3. ___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
4. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____　advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
5. "Can’t you read?" Mary said ___________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
6. ______ you should have no trouble with the difficult work.
A. Knowing this B. If you are knowing this
C. From knowing this D. If you have knowing this
7. ________ by what everyone says about him, he has a good chance of winning.
A. Judged B. To Judge C. Having Judged D. Judging
8. The earthquake __ the tsunami (海啸) happened deep under the sea, _____ more than 200,000 people.
A. causing; killing B. caused; killing
C. causing; killed D. caused; killed
9. Though _____ natural resources, the area is well developed.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
10. ______, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
11. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair___________.
A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze
12. ________ like a great idea, what he said was accepted by all present immediately.
A. Sounded B. Sounds C. To sound D. Sounding

【典型例题】
1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ________the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
2. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ______ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
3. When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back.
A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded
4. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
5. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
6. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
7. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
8. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
9. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
10. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.
A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried

预习导学——Unit 4 Body language
（一）重点单词
statement n. 陈述 ，说明
greet vt. 问候；迎接
represent vt. 代表，象征
association n. 社团，联想，联系
curious adj. 好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
approach n. 接近，方法，途径
v. 接近，靠近
defend vt. 保护；保卫
defence n. 防御；保卫
major adj. 主要的
misunderstand vt. 误解；误会
misunderstanding n. 误解；误会
adult n. 成年人
adj. 成人的；成熟的
spoken adj. 口语的
unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的
likely adj. 可能的
facial adj. 面部的
function n. 作用，功能，职能
v. 起作用
ease n. 安逸，舒适
truly adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地
false adj. 错误的，假的
anger n. 怒气；怒火
subjective adj. 主观的

（二）重点短语
defend against 保卫……以免受
be likely to do 很可能……，有希望……
in general 总的来说，大体上
at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在
lose face 丢脸
turn one’s back to 背对；背弃

（三）重点句型
1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
△过去分词短语作伴随状语。
2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
△not all 部分否定
△ not …nor …既不……又不……
3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.
△way 引导的定语从句。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择
1. The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
2. —Can you lend me some money?
—I am _____than you . You know I live from hand to mouth .
A. better off B. worse off C. more badly D. much poor
*3. The teacher went into the room , ______the boy ______outside.
A. left; standing B. leaving ; standing
C. left; stand D. leaving ; stand
4. With the electricity _____, all the machines stopped to work.
A. cut off B. cut up C. was cut off D. was cut down
5. The students all wear the same uniform, so it’s hard for me to ______my son among them.
A. bring out B. pick out C. pick up D. bring up
6. —How are you doing with your newly founded company, John?
—That’s too bad. The whole thing is _____ complete failure.
A. the B. a C. / D. some
7. —What did she say just now?
—She said it ______, so I didn’t hear.
A. in surprise B. in a whisper C. in return D. in relief
*8. —Where is our English teacher?
—She is in the classroom, _____ the exercises _________ the students have done at home.
A. explaining; / B. explaining; for
C. explained; to D. explained; from
9. Experts say children easily _____when they make a promise, so don’t depend on them in some important events.
A. apologize B. react C. regret D. chew
10. In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.
A. sitting; fixing B. sit; fixed
C. sitting; to be fixed D. seated; fixed
11. Who starred ______the film set ______ Suzhou?
A. in; on B. on ; in C. in; at D. in ; in
12. So long as we don’t lose heart, we will find a way to ______the difficulty.
A. overcome B. contrast C. content D. contact
*13. ________，I have no difficulty in finding the famous actor’s house.
A. Directing by Jack B. I was directed by Jack
C. With Jack directing me D. Jack directed me
14. With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China __________the class through the Internet .
A. attend B. attended C. attending D. to be attending
**15. While watching television, ______________.
A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings

二. 完形填空
Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) 16 bed for you. Hiroyuki’s bed will 17 you up in the morning! Here is how it 18 .
The bed is 19 an alarm clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays 20 music or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyuki’s bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet 21 , “Wake up, darling, please.” A few minutes later, a second recording 22 . The sound recording can be loud music or 23 sounds. Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss. His boss 24 , “Wake up immediately, 25 you’ll be late!”
If you don’t get up 26 the second recording, you 27 be sorry! A mechanical “foot” is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few __28__ minutes. What! You’re 29 in bed! Slowly the 30 of the bed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. 31 , the bed is vertical（垂直的）. You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and 32 .
Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to 33 a contest. He works for Honda Motor Company. Once every two years Honda has a contest for its 200,000 employees—“All-Honda Idea Contest.” The employees think of new 34 . If their ideas win, the employees win __35 . Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed.
16. A. expensive B. special C. valuable D. comfortable
17. A. get B. catch C. make D. let
18. A. works B. runs C. happens D. moves
19. A. separated from B. made up of C. connected to D. made into
20. A. loud B. classical C. pop D. soft
21. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. way
22. A. sends B. turns C. plays D. appears