惠普公司发展年表.doc

Hewlett-Packard Co.
1938: William Hewlett and David Packard, graduates of Stanford University's electrical engineering program, start their own business in the garage behind Packard's rented house in Palo Alto, California. Starting with only $538, the men begin working on a resistance-capacity audio oscillator (HP 200B), a machine used for testing sound equipment. Walt Disney becomes their first big customer by ordering eight HP 200Bs for the production of Fantasia.
1939 Jan. 01: Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard formalize their electronics manufacturing venture as a partnership called Hewlett-Packard Co. The order of their names in the company's name was decided by a coin toss.
1947 Aug. 18: Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) is incorporated.
1947: HP's net revenue for the fiscal year (ending October 31) amounts to $679,000.
1951: HP invents the HP 524A, a high-speed frequency counter which reduces the time required to measure accurately high frequencies from about 10 minutes to one or two seconds. This product is used by radio stations to maintain accurate broadcast frequencies, particularly on the newly established FM band. Net revenue reaches approximately $5.5 million.
1957 Nov. 06: HP stock is offered for public trading for the first time.
1958: HP makes its first acquisition, F.L. Moseley Co. of Pasadena, CA, a manufacturer of high quality graphic recorders.
1964: Dave Packard is elected chairman of the board; Bill Hewlett is elected company president. The company develops a cesium beam standard instrument accurate to one-millionth of a second; as company engineers embark on a 35-day, 35,000 mile world tour to coordinate standard times, the product gains recognition as the "flying clock."
1965: Net revenue is $165 million.
1966: Though primarily a manufacturer of instruments for analysis and measurement, HP develops its first computer, the HP 2116A to control some of its own test and measurement instruments; it is not intended for the commercial computer market but leads HP in that direction. HP forms Hewlett-Packard Laboratories as its central research facility; it becomes one of the world's leading electronics research centers.
1972: HP pioneers the era of personal computing with the first scientific, hand-held calculator, the HP-35, which makes the engineer's slide rule obsolete. The company enters the business computer market, dominated by IBM and Digital Equipment Corp., when it introduces the HP 3000 minicomputer.
1974: The company decides, despite record earnings, that it is growing too quickly. Refocusing on product leadership, the founders establish a new, highly decentralized structure, letting each of the company's divisions conduct its own research and development.
1977: John Young replaces Hewlett as company president.
1978: Young replaces Packard as chief executive officer (CEO).
1980: HP introduces its first personal computer, the HP-85. Net revenue reaches $3 billion.
1980: HP has established itself as a leading computer vendor. Like other vendors, however, HP has designed each of its major computer lines for a specific use, making each model incompatible with the others. This results in redundant research and development and limited expansion capabilities for customers. In response to these problems, HP begins a six-year program to develop architecture and software that will be compatible with existing programs.
1985: The HP LaserJet computer printer is introduced, the company's most successful single product ever. Net revenue climbs to $6.5 billion with net income over $500 million for the first time.
1986: HP's $250 million, five-year research and development project, code named "Spectrum," results in the introduction of a new family of RISC based computer systems. RISC stands for Reduced-Instruction-Set Computing; it enables programs to run at double or triple conventional speed by eliminating many routine instructions. Though criticized for inflexibility and over-specialization, other computer companies soon begin developing their own RISC chips.
1987: Bill Hewlett retires as vice chairman of the board of directors.
1988: Orders surpass $10 billion for the first time. Sales of $9.8 billion rank HP 49th among Fortune 500 companies.
1989: HP celebrates its 50th anniversary. Pays $500 million for Apollo Computer, a pioneer in the design, manufacture, and sale of engineering workstations based in Chelmsford, Massachusetts.
1990: Dave Packard returns to his office as chairman of the board to take a more active role in running the business after earnings drop about 11%. Reluctantly violating its no layoff policy, HP cuts 3,000 positions.
1990: Dave Packard returns to his office as chairman of the board to take a more active role in running the business after earnings drop about 11%. Reluctantly violating its no layoff policy, HP cuts 3,000 positions.
1991: Net revenue climbs over $10 billion to $14.4 billion; net income is up slightly to $755 million. HP introduces the 11 ounce 95LX personal computer which establishes an important new market in information devices by containing Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet software and retailing for a mere $699. HP lays off an additional 2,000 workers.
1991: Net revenue climbs over $10 billion to $14.4 billion; net income is up slightly to $755 million. HP introduces the 11 ounce 95LX personal computer which establishes an important new market in information devices by containing Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet software and retailing for a mere $699. HP lays off an additional 2,000 workers.
1992: John Young retires and is to be succeeded by Lewis E. Platt, an executive vice president and head of the company's computer systems organization.
1992: John Young retires and is to be succeeded by Lewis E. Platt, an executive vice president and head of the company's computer systems organization.
1994: Hewlett-Packard announces a partnership with Intel Corp. to develop a single computer chip capable of running two major strains of software by the end of the decade.
1994: Hewlett-Packard announces a partnership with Intel Corp. to develop a single computer chip capable of running two major strains of software by the end of the decade.
1995: In an attempt to increase sales of its color inkjet printers, Hewlett-Packard cuts prices on two popular models by 20-26%. HP beats IBM Corp. and Digital Equipment Corp. in a race for a U.S. Navy computer contract worth an estimated $672 million. HP recalls 10,000 OfficeJet printer-fax copiers made between November and December 1994 due to the presence of metal particles which could cause dangerous electric shock.
1995: Looking to gain a competitive edge in the corporate computer market, Hewlett-Packard cuts prices on its personal computers up to 16% and launches a new line of competitively priced Pentium machines. In response to a chip flaw in some of its workstations and servers which may cause computers to malfunction, HP announces it will replace faulty chips free.
1995: The HP Pavilion, the company's new line of personal computers for the home, is launched. Prices of HP's personal computers for the office are cut up to 18% in response to Compaq Computer Corp.'s price reductions. Hewlett-Packard consolidates its computer and computer support activities into one organization. Richard E. Bulluzzo is appointed executive vice president in charge of the new group.
1995: HP introduces its CopyJet color copier and printer at a price approximately one-tenth the price of standard color copiers. The HP ScanJet 4Si scanner, the first desktop scanner to operate from a network instead of a single computer, is also introduced.
1995: In an attempt to increase sales of its color inkjet printers, Hewlett-Packard cuts prices on two popular models by 20-26%. HP beats IBM Corp. and Digital Equipment Corp. in a race for a U.S. Navy computer contract worth an estimated $672 million. HP recalls 10,000 OfficeJet printer-fax copiers made between November and December 1994 due to the presence of metal particles which could cause dangerous electric shock.
1995: Looking to gain a competitive edge in the corporate computer market, Hewlett-Packard cuts prices on its personal computers up to 16% and launches a new line of competitively priced Pentium machines. In response to a chip flaw in some of its workstations and servers which may cause computers to malfunction, HP announces it will replace faulty chips free.
1995: The HP Pavilion, the company's new line of personal computers for the home, is launched. Prices of HP's personal computers for the office are cut up to 18% in response to Compaq Computer Corp.'s price reductions. Hewlett-Packard consolidates its computer and computer support activities into one organization. Richard E. Bulluzzo is appointed executive vice president in charge of the new group.
1995: HP introduces its CopyJet color copier and printer at a price approximately one-tenth the price of standard color copiers. The HP ScanJet 4Si scanner, the first desktop scanner to operate from a network instead of a single computer, is also introduced.
1996: Sunburst, a campaign to lure customers away from Sun Microsystems Inc. with low prices, is launched. HP and Microsoft announce a partnership to market the Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft Small Business Center, a new line of HP's Vectra Series 500, to small businesses. Looking to increase European market share, HP cuts prices between nine and 11% on PC lines sold abroad.
1996: Sunburst, a campaign to lure customers away from Sun Microsystems Inc. with low prices, is launched. HP and Microsoft announce a partnership to market the Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft Small Business Center, a new line of HP's Vectra Series 500, to small businesses. Looking to increase European market share, HP cuts prices between nine and 11% on PC lines sold abroad.
1997: Establishes an Internet Applications Systems Division to oversee its newly released Internet Solution line. HP is the world's second largest computer supplier, with computer-related revenue of $35.4 billion. Total annual revenue is $42.9 billion.
1997: Establishes an Internet Applications Systems Division to oversee its newly released Internet Solution line. HP is the world's second largest computer supplier with computer-related revenue of $35.4 billion. Total annual revenue is $42.9 billion.
1998: HP introduces its new Pavilion home personal computer line at a sharply reduced base price of $800; the Pavilion 3260 is the first Intel-based machine priced well below $1,000.
1998: The firm is named one of America's most admired companies by Fortune. Profits fall 6% due mainly to increased competition and price slashing in the personal computer market.
1998: HP introduces its new Pavilion home personal computer line at a sharply reduced base price of $800; the Pavilion 3260 is the first Intel-based machine priced well below $1,000.
1998: The firm is named one of America's most admired companies by Fortune. Profits fall 6% due mainly to increased competition and price slashing in the personal computer market.
1999 March: As a means of refocusing on personal computers, printers, workstations, and servers, HP announces its intent to spin off its non-computer related operations, which account for 16% of annual sales. Stock prices jump 4% on the announcement.
1999 March: As a means of refocusing on personal computers, printers, workstations, and servers, HP announces its intent to spin off its non-computer related operations, which account for 16% of annual sales. Stock prices jump 4% on the announcement.
1999 April: Two major new products are launched: the Commerce for the Millennium system and the 9000 N Class server, which is designed to offer Internet Service Providers all the tools necessary to conduct online commerce.
1999 April: Two major new products are launched: the Commerce for the Millennium system and the 9000 N Class server, which is designed to offer Internet Service Providers all the tools necessary to conduct online commerce.
1999: Low-cost printers account for more than one-third of the $13 billion computer printer industry. HP, which focuses mainly on more expensive printers, finds itself losing market share.
1999: Low-cost printers account for more than one-third of the $13 billion computer printer industry. HP, which focuses mainly on more expensive printers, finds itself losing market share.
2000 Aug.: HP and AT&T announce an alliance to jointly develop and co-market integrated, managed solutions that will help global companies and high-growth dot-coms address complex networking and application management needs of e-business.
2001 Jan.: HP buys Bluestone Software Inc., a maker of e-business tools.
2001 Feb.: Rapid integration of Bluestone allows HP to release 25 software products next month, including the Netaction e-services development and implementation suite, and the OpenView eservices systems management suite.
2001 April: HP releases several new hardware products, including 19 Internet server appliances.
2001: HP and Compaq Computer Corp. agree to a $21 billion merger. The Hewlett family voices its opposition to the deal, as do various employees and shareholders.
2002 May: Despite opposition, HP completes its purchase of Compaq, which the firm claims will result in $2.5 billion in savings. Cost cutting measures include the elimination of overlapping products and 15,000 jobs.
2003: Net income totals $2.5 billion on sales that grow 29% to $73 billion. New product introductions include "smart" cooling technology, which offers data centers a way to curb energy usage; an eight-ink consumer photo printer, the first of its kind; and a DVD movie writer that allows users to transfer the content of VHS tapes to DVDs.
2004 Jan.: Apple Computer Inc. and HP forge an alliance that calls for HP to develop and sell an iPod portable music machine compatible with HP computers. The deal reflects HP's two-year effort to increase its foothold in the consumer electronics industry.
2004 March: The Department of Veterans Affairs awards HP a ten-year, $784 million contract for engineering support and maintenance services for its Vista Health Information Systems.
2004 April: HP acquires business software vendor Novadigm Inc.
2004 May: For the eighth quarter in a row, HP is the world leader in server shipments. The firm acquires two IT services providers: IT Infrastructure Management LLC, based in Dallas, Texas, and CEC Europe Service Management Ltd., based in the U.K.
2004 June: HP becomes the first server manufacturer to sell its 100,000th blade server.
2004 Aug.: HP launches the first Linux notebook PC.
2004 Sept.: HP releases its version of Apple Computer's iPod.
2004: Profits grow nearly 38% to $3.5 billion on sales that near the $80 billion mark.
2005 Jan.: The firm merges its personal computer and printer subsidiaries, putting to rest speculation th