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1、泰语发音规则（Tone Rules） Thai is a tonal language which makes it very different to Westerrn languages. Each syllable has a choice between five distinct tones: low, mid, rising, high and falling. To a foreign student, it would seem that the Thai language is made up of groups of words that change in meanin
2、g depending on their tone. A famous tongue twister which illustrates this very well is "new wood doesn't burn, does it?" or "mai mai mai mai mai" in Thai. ไม้ ใหม่ ไม่ ไหม้ ไหม mai - mai - mai - mai - mai high - low - falling - falling - high To a foreigner studying Thai for the first ti
3、me, there is only one word in the above example, "mai", and its meaning changes with different tones. However, to a Thai person, these are five distinct words that are not only spelled differently but are pronounced differently. Most foreign students make the mistake of relying too much on translite
4、ration when learning Thai. If you are to master the tones, you must put this behind you and learn how to read properly. (See Learn to Read Thai with Manee and Friends) The five tones are: THE HIGH TONE – เสียงตรี（高调）（二声） This is a uniform tone pitched well above the level of the speaker’s normal
5、voice and is similar to the tone used in English to denote alarm. e.g. “keep away” นก nok A bird รัก ruk To love เล็ก lek Small THE RISING TONE – เสียงจัตวา（上升的语气）（二声） This as the name implies has a rising inflection and is something like the tone used in English to denote surpri
6、se or a question. e.g. “Are you going home now?” ไหม mai A question word สาม saam Three หิน hin A Stone THE MID TONE – เสียงสามัญ（中间语气）（一声） This is spoken in the speaker’s ordinary tone of voice without any inflection. It is the tone used in English for ordinary conversation.
7、 มา maa Come ไป bpai Go กิน gin To eat THE LOW TONE – เสียงเอก（低调）（三声或轻声）？ This is a level tone with no inflection but lower in pitch than common tone. ดอก dork Flower หีบ heep A box เก็บ gep To keep THE FALLING TONE – เสียงโท（降调）（四声） This is an emphatic and heav
8、ily accented tone with a falling inflection and is similar to the tone used in English to denote emphasis. e.g. “I told you not to go there” ข้าว kao Rice ห้า haa Five ไม่ mai Not It should be noted that the tone applies to a syllable only so that in a polysyllabic word each syll
9、able may and often does have a different tone. กุหลาบ goo-laap low-low มนุษย์ ma-noot high-high มะละกอ ma-la-gor high-high-mid ภาพยนตร์ pa-pa-yon falling-high-mid รัฐบาล rut-ta-baan high-low-mid You may find it difficult at first to pronounce all of the syllables of a p
10、olysyllabic word in the correct tone but luckily there are very few words of more than two syllables where tonal values of the syllables vary. By far the best way to learn the tones at the beginning is the way a Thai child does, i.e. by copying a natural Thai speaker. You can do this by listening
11、to us on this web site. In Thai writing the tones are quite clearly indicated by the use of Tone Marks coupled with a rather complicated set of rules. If you are ready, we will now proceed to teach you these rules. Factors determining the tone. To determine the tone of any syllable the following
12、 four factors have to be considered. 1. Class of the initial consonant. The Thai consonants are divided up into three groups known respectively as HIGH, MIDDLE and LOW class consonants and the first thing to look at in determining the tone of a word or syllable is the class of the initial consonan
13、t. You will soon discover that there are many cases where the letter ห as an initial consonant is silent and there are a few cases where the letter อ as an initial consonant is also silent, but this makes no difference to the rule, the tone is still governed by the class of the initial consonant ev
14、en though it be a silent consonant. The HIGH class consonants are; ข ฉ ฐ ถ ผ ฝ ศ ษ ส ห The MIDDLE class consonants are; ก จ ฎ ฏ ด ต บ ป อ All the remainder are LOW class consonants. 2. The final sounded consonant.（辅音） All words which do not end in a vowel sound must have either M, N, NG, K, P
15、 or T as the final sound. (Note: Although this is strictly true, you will find that in conversation the final consonant is often slurred and particularly after a long vowel, the final P may sound more like a B and the final T more like a D.) Where there is no tone mark, the tone of the syllable o
16、r word will depend on both the class of the initial consonant and on whether it ends with the M, N, NG sounds or the K, P, T sounds. It should be noted that a final consonant with the sign -์ (MY TUNTAKAHT) over it is not sounded and hence can have no effect on the tone. [MORE] 3. The type of final
17、 vowel.（元音） If the word has no tone mark and ends in a final vowel, the tone is dependent on whether this final vowel is a long or short one. The short vowels for tonal purposes are -ะ, -ั, -ิ, -ึ, -ุ, the inherent “a”, the inherent “o” and all vowels shortened by the sign -็ over the consonant or
18、 by the addition of the vowel -ะ at the end. All the others are long vowels. 4. The tone mark. There are altogether four tone marks but only two namely (-่) MYAYK and (-้) MYTO are in common use. The other two (-๊) MYDTREE and (-๋) MYJUDTAWAH are used only in a few words beginning with middle cl
19、ass consonants. Factor One Consonants： 1. The Low Class Consonants. The following are the Low Class consonants. ค ฆ ง ช ซ ฌ ญ ฑ ฒ ณ ท ธ น พ ฟ ภ ม ย ล ร ว ฬ ฮ A small tip, this is the biggest group. It is not necessary to try and learn these low class consonants since if you have learned the
20、 high and middle class consonants, it follows that everything else is a low class consonant. Tone Rules for Low Class Consonants (1) Syllables（音节） beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel. คำ Word
21、 ชา Tea ทำ Make, do. นา Field งู Snake มา Come ราคา Price ลม Wind ชม Admire (2) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark but ending in K, P or T sounds, take: · the Falling Tone if the vowel is long. · the High Tone if the vowel is shor
22、t. Falling Tone. มาก Many รูป Picture เรียก Call พูด Speak ยืด Stretch ยาก Difficult High Tone. พัก Rest คุก Prison รัก Love ลด Decrease คิด Think ชุด Suit (3) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having a short open vowel take the H
23、igh Tone. There are very few complete words of this type. และ And มิ No, not. เพราะ Because (4) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-่) over the initial consonant take the Falling Tone. คู่ Pair แม่ Mother พ่อ Father ไม่ No, not
24、 ง่าย Easy วิ่ง Run ร่วม Together นั่ง Sit เท่า Equal (5) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-้) over the initial consonant take the High Tone. ม้า Horse น้ำ Water ไว้ Keep น้อย A little ซ้าย Left side ช้าง Ele
25、phant 2. The Middle Class Consonants. The following are the Middle Class consonants. ก จ ฎ ฏ ด ต บ ป อ Of these the consonant อ should be specially noted. When this occurs as an initial consonant and is immediately followed by the low class letter ย it is always silent but the tone of the syl
26、lable still follows the tone rules for a syllable having an initial middle class consonant in the normal manner. There are only four words plus a number of compounds where the silent “อ” occurs, and you will notice that they all take the low tone. อย่า Prohibition, Don’t อยาก Wish อย่าง
27、 Manner อยู่ Live Tone Rules for Middle Class Consonants. (1) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel. กรุง Town บิน To fly ใจ Heart ดำ Black เดียว One only ตรง
28、 Straight เอา Want จน Until ไกล Far (2) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having no tone mark take the Low Tone if they end in K, P or T sounds. บอก To tell จูบ To kiss ดิบ Unripe ตก Fall ตัด Cut เก็บ Keep ปิด Close จับ Seize บาท
29、 Tical (3) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and ending with a short open vowel take the Low Tone. There are not many words of this type. ดุ Cruel จะ Will ปะ Meet เตะ Kick กะ Estimate ติ To blame (4) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and havi
30、ng the tone mark MYAYK ( -่ ) over the initial consonant take the Low Tone. ก่อน Before กี่ How many? เก่า Old ไก่ Fowl ป่า Forest เต่า Tortoise (5) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO ( -้ ) over the initial consonant take the Fal
31、ling Tone. เก้า Nine จ้าง To hire ต้อง Must ต้น Tree ได้ Can บ้าง Some ปิ้ง Roast กุ้ง Prawn ใกล้ Near (6) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYDTREE ( -๊ ) over the initial consonant take the High Tone. There are very few
32、of these words. โต๊ะ Table ตุ๊ Fat, plump. จ๊ะ A final particle. Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYJUDTAWAH ( -๋ ) over the initial consonant take the Rising Tone. There are very few of these words. เดี๋ยวนี้ Now ตั๋ว Ticket บ๋อย Wa
33、iter 3. The High Class Consonants. The following are the High Class consonants. ข ฉ ถ ฐ ผ ศ ษ ส ห Of these the consonant ห should be specially noted. When the letter ห as an initial consonant is followed by one of the Low Class consonants; ง, ญ, น, ม, ย, ร, ล and ว ...it is usually silent bu
34、t this makes no difference to the tone rule. As the initial consonant ห is a high class one the tone of the syllable follows the high class tone rules. Tone Rules for High Class Consonants. 1. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and have no tone mark take the Rising Tone unless they en
35、d with K, P or T sounds or a short open vowel. สอง Two สาม Three ฉัน I สวม Wear หมา Dog หิน Stone ขอ Please ถาม Ask ฝน Rain 2. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having no tone mark take the Low Tone if they end in K, P or T sound or with a short
36、 open vowel. หีบ Box ขับ Drive ผูก Tie ผัด To fry ผิด Wrong หมด Finished ถาด Tray หก Six แขก Guest 3. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-่) over the consonant take the Low Tone irrespective of ending. ส่ง Send
37、ห่าน Goose สี่ Four เข่า Knee ขนสัตว์ Wool ผ่าน Pass by 4. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-้) over the consonant take the Falling Tone irrespective of ending. ข้าง Side ขึ้น Up ผ้า Cloth ส้อม Fork ส้ม Orange ห้
38、าม Forbid ให้ To permit ถ้า If ห้า Five Factory Two Tone Marks 1. Low Class Consonants & Tone Marks All of the examples on this page are low class consonants. A reminder of the rules are at the bottom of this page. Tone Chart: When you listen to each row in the chart below, you wil
39、l hear these tones each time: mid, falling and high. 1 2 3 คู คู่ คู้ พอ พ่อ พ้อ ซี ซี่ ซี้ แม แม่ แม้ ไม ไม่ ไม้ นา น่า น้า ลอ ล่อ ล้อ เชา เช่า เช้า ซือ ซื่อ ซื้อ (1) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark
40、take the Mid Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel. Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark but ending in K, P or T sounds, take: · the Falling Tone if the vowel is long. · the High Tone if the vowel is short. Syllables beginning with a l
41、ow class consonant and having a short open vowel take the High Tone. There are very few complete words of this type. (2) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-่) over the initial consonant take the Falling Tone. (3) Syllables beginning with a low class con
42、sonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-้) over the initial consonant take the High Tone. 2. Middle Class Consonants & Tone Marks All of the examples on this page are middle class consonants. A reminder of the rules are at the bottom of this page. Tone Chart: When you listen to each row in the cha
43、rt below, you will hear these tones each time: mid, low, falling, high and rising. 1 2 3 4 5 แก แก่ แก้ แก๊ แก๋ ปา ป่า ป้า ป๊า ป๋า เกา เก่า เก้า เก๊า เก๋า ตู ตู่ ตู้ ตู๊ ตู๋ ปี ปี่ ปี้ ปี๊ ปี๋ ไต ไต่ ไต้ ไต๊ ไต๋ (1) Syllables beginning
44、with a middle class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel. (2) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-่) over the initial consonant take the Low Tone. (3) Syllables beginning with a
45、middle class consonant and having the tone mark MATA (-้) over the initial consonant take the Falling Tone. (4) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYDTREE (-๊) over the initial consonant take the High Tone. There are very few of these words. (5) Syllables be
46、ginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYJUDTAWAH (-๋) over the initial consonant take the Rising Tone. There are very few of these words. 3. High Class Consonants & Tone Marks All of the examples on this page are high class consonants. A reminder of the rules are at the bo
47、ttom of this page. Tone Chart: When you listen to each row in the chart below, you will hear these tones each time: rising, low and falling. 1 2 3 ขา ข่า ข้า ผา ผ่า ผ้า โห โห่ โห้ เขา เข่า เข้า เสือ เสื่อ เสื้อ ใส ใส่ ใส้ แส แส่ แส้ (1) Syllables b
48、eginning with a high class consonant and have no tone mark take the Rising Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or a short open vowel. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having no tone mark take the Low Tone if they end in K, P or T sound or with a short open vowel. (2) Syll
49、ables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-่) over the consonant take the Low Tone irrespective of ending. (3) Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-้) over the consonant take the Falling Tone irrespective of ending. 元音和
50、辅音皆为泰文的最小单位，称为音素。由几个音素组成的语言结构的基本单位，叫做音节，音节分为开音节和闭音节两种。 开音节，以元音收尾的音节称为开音节。如ตา ปี มี นา 等。 闭音节，以辅音收尾的音节称为闭音节，如จง บิน หอน เคย ขาว 等。闭音节又分为两类：清尾辅音和浊尾辅音，清尾辅音有五个，即ง น ม ว ย，其读音参看尾韵音。 ง鼻音 น鼻音与น相同的尾辅音有ณ ญ ร ล ฬ ม鼻音 ย半元音 ว半元音 半元音是介于元音和辅音之间的一种音。 以
©2010-2026 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司 版权所有
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