全国英语等级考试三级写作部分和完形填空资料.doc

公共英语三级写作&完形填空资料

第一节 写作部分

考试内容及评分标准

1. 考纲要求：
A节：考生根据所给情景（英/中文）写出约100词（不计算标点符号）的简单信件等。
　　B节：考生根据所给情景，写出一篇不少于120词（不计算标点符号）的文章。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、文字等。
　　该部分所需时间约为40分钟。考生在答题卡2上作答。共30分，所占比例25%

2．评分标准：结构第一位，语言、内容第二位

完全完成了试题规定的任务。
·覆盖所有的内容要点。
·应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
·语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
·有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
·完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第五档
（21～25分）
第四档
(16～20分)
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
·虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所用的主要内容。
·应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
·语法结构和词汇方面应用基本准确，一些错误主要是因为尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
·应用简单的语句连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
·达到了预期的写作目的。

3． 基本要求：语言简洁，没有大量语法拼写错误；结构清晰紧凑；卷面整洁

三大题型备考

(一)书信Letter

1. 段落构建
开头段
写信目的 (申请 / 邀请 / 感谢 / 投诉 / 祝贺 / 询问)
申请函
I am writing to apply for a precious opportunity to work in a bank that enjoys years of reputation.
邀请函
I am writing to invite you to participate in an international conference that is to be held in Beijing on September 12, 2005.
感谢信
I’m writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.
投诉信
I’m writing to complain about the poor quality of an air conditioner from Sun Appliance Company.
祝贺信
I am writing to express my sincere congratulations on your champion in 4th National Speech Contest that was held in Shanghai.
询问信
I am writing to ask for your help. (some information about the …) / I am writing to inquire about …

中间段
l 用过渡词 first, second, third 等阐述写信原因，提出具体的要求，具体的建议或者忠告
l 仔细阅读题干，寻找题干中可以利用的名词或动词
[Example] Write a letter of application according to the following situation. You saw an advertisement in this morning’s newspaper. A company needs a typist and you are interested. Write an application to that company. In your letter, provide the necessary information about yourself, and tell them that you are qualified for that job.

l 根据题干中的有用信息，构建正文（题干信息+原因分析+总结）
[Example] I read today’s Beijing Youth this morning, pleased to discover that your company is looking for a typist. I am really interested in this job and I think I am qualified for it. （题干信息） First, my typing speed is as high as 200 words per minute, which is the definite weight for a qualified typist. Second, I can speak and write English fluently, so I will be capable of typing both Chinese and English. Third and last, a warm-hearted woman who is always ready to help other people, I don’t think I have any problem while working with other colleagues. （原因分析）Under these circumstances, I firmly believe that I can contribute to prosperity of your company. On the other hand, a foreign company with an international background will certainly enrich my working experience and broaden my mind, thus paving a way for my prospective career（总结）

结尾段
I would appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.
Please allow me to extend my sincere thanks/congratulations once again. I am eager to hear from you.
I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.
I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

2．范文评析
<1>
Dear Professor Herb Jason,

I am Li Nan, dean of the History Department, Peking University. I am writing to invite you to participate in an international convention that is to be held in Beijing on September 12, 2005.

Since your visit in Beijing last year, all the teachers that attended your lecture have been deeply impressed with your thorough knowledge and profound understanding of the subject. We would be pleased if you could come, as our guest of honor, to the International Conference on Chinese History, If possible, would you please deliver a speech on whatever subject that interests you. Enclosed in this letter is a time schedule for the event. You would, of course, receive our standard honorarium to cover traveling and other expenses. When you arrive in Beijing, I will certainly meet you at the airport.

Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.

Sincerely Yours，
Li Nan

<2>
Dear Sir/Madam,

I’m writing for a precious opportunity to work in a bank that enjoys years of reputation.

I read today’s Beijing Youth this morning, pleased to discover that your bank is looking for a cashier (an accountant). I wonder if you could be free to have a pleasant talk with me, for all the requirements specified in your advertisement tend to fit my present situation. For one thing, as September closes in, I am going to graduate from college with a Bachelor Degree. For another thing, after four-year study at college, I received extensive training in Accounting, Analytical thinking and Business planning All of them are considered definite weight for a qualified bank clerk. Still, Speaking Japanese fluently, I don’t think I have any problem while working with other colleagues. Under these circumstances, I firmly believe that I can contribute to prosperity of your company because I am a self-motivated person. On the other hand, a foreign bank with an international background will enrich my working experience and broaden my mind, thus paving a way for my prospective career.

I would appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.

Sincerely Yours。
Zhang Li

3．真题再现
Temporary Hotel Receptionist

Pleasant mediate-sized hotel at the heart of Cambridge seeks a young person with pleasant personality to assist the reception Office.
previous experience an advantage but not essential.
acknowledge of at least one foreign language.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the name of the hotel

Write an application letter to the hotel manager to apply for the position. The letter must include the following two points: 1. the reason that you apply
2. ask for the interview
At the end of the letter don’t write your own name and use "Li Li" instead.

4．模拟试题
Practice One
Suppose you have a foreign friend, Frank Harrison, who invited you to his house for a dinner party yesterday. Write a letter of thanks to Mr. Frank Harrison, telling him about:
1. your thanks for his dinner party and his kindness
2. your gladness of acquainting yourself with new friends at the dinner party
3. your enjoyment of the dinner party

Practice Two
Suppose your friend David Johnson in Washington has just got a Ph．D in law．Write a letter of congratulation to him．Also tell him you will attend a meeting in Washington next month．Ask him whether he has any time to show you around the city．You should write approximately 100 words．Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter．Use “Wang Lin” instead．You don’t need to write the address．

（二）图表作文 graph / pie graph / bar graph / table>

第一段
试题[1]The graph shows the cheese sales in the country X in the year 1997. Look at the graph and write a composition of about 120 words making reference to the following points.
1. the distribution of percentage by Cheese Type;
2. Possible reasons for Cheddar Cheese’s largest share in sales

范例The pie graph gives information about cheese sales in the country X in the year 1997. After carefully studying the information in the graph, we may safely conclude that Cheddar cheese and Mozzarellar cheese shared the better part of the market, with Cheddar cheese taking the lead by occupying 36 percent and Mozzarellar occupying 30.6 percent of the total market share.

[1] Below is a graph showing the distribution of car accidents in a city during 1997.Look at the graph and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points:
1. the distribution of car accidents in different months and the general trend in 1997
2. the possible reasons for the distribution of car accidents

第二段
A great many factors (reasons) might have contributed to this change (phenomenon), and here I would like to lay emphasis on the following first… secondly….(next,/ in additoin to …)

温馨提示：图表描述词汇
增加：increase, rise, skyrocket, soar, mount up, build up, climb up, balloon up, go up (sharply/ rapidly/ gradually/ slowly)
减少：decrease, nosedive, decline, fall, drop, plunge, go down
水平：remain stable, maintain the same level, remain steady, remain unchanged
导致：lead to, cause, contribute to, result in, give rise to,
源于：result from, stem from, be rooted in, originate from

温馨提示：图表描述词汇
增加：increase, rise, skyrocket, soar, mount up, build up, climb up, balloon up, go up (sharply/ rapidly/ gradually/ slowly)
减少：decrease, nosedive, decline, fall, drop, plunge, go down
水平：remain stable, maintain the same level, remain steady, remain unchanged
导致：lead to, cause, contribute to, result in, give rise to,
源于：result from, stem from, be rooted in, originate from

收尾段
Given all the above factors, it is safe to reach the conclusion that …
Taking into account all the above factors, it is reasonable to reach the conclusion that …

模拟试题
Part B
Below is a graph showing the distribution of car accidents in a city during 1997.Look at the graph and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points:
1. the distribution of car accidents in different months and the general trend in 1997
2. the possible reasons for the distribution of car accidents

The number of car accidents in the city

（三）图画作文
真题一
Below is a photo showing primary school students receiving military training．Look at the
photo and write an essay of about 120 words，making reference to the following points：
1．a description of the photo
2．your comment on such training programs for children

真题二
Below are pictures showing two mothers teach their children differently how to treat the elderly. Look at the pictures and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points：
1．a description of the two pictures
2．your comment on the behaviors of the two mothers

用过渡词阐述原因，并用例子、评论进行论证
启：first, at present, first of all, at the first place, on the one hand, for one thing, to begin with,
承：Second, On the other hand, in addition, additionally, moreover, what is more, furthermore, besides, meanwhile, in the mean time, in other words, more importantly,
合：last but not least, finally, eventually, at last, in the end

高频词汇的替换使用
表明：It shows to us that (It indicates that/ It reveals that/It reveals that/It reflects that/It demonstrates that/It conveys the idea that /It suggest that/It implies that/It illustrates that/It throw light on sth that/)
重要的：Important (be of great importance, essential, fundamental, vital, significant, crucial, play a key role in doing sth, should be taken seriously,
我认为：I think( I guess, I suppose, I assume. I believe, I presume, I insist that, I maintain that, I hold it self-evident that, I argue that, in my opinion, as I can see it, as far as I am concerned , as far as I can see, I hold the view that, in my eyes)
很多：a great many of of/more/an increasing number of/numerous/dozens of/ loads of

语言突破

句子翻译
1. 高一时我数学成绩不好。
2．在最近的数学考试中我取得了好成绩。
3．父亲上周从美国回来，带回来不少的英文书和磁带。
4．我想邀请你参加我们班的英语晚会。
5．请你在晚会上讲一讲英语阅读的问题，好吗？
6．同学和老师将表演话剧，唱英文歌。
7．我们为自己的学校感到骄傲。
8．中国是一个有着五千年悠久历史的古老国家。
9．英语已经成为了世界性语言。
10．重要的书籍多数都是用英语出版的。
11．懂英语的人可以加深对世界各民族的了解。
12．她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。
13．我丢的表找到了。
14．这是我见过的最漂亮的校园。
15．我们头一件要做的事情就是相信自己。

<常见错误>
1 主谓不一致
When a beggar have enough money, he can use them to buy what he want.
    2 冠词误用
My father is doctor and he likes to play the football.
    3 指代不明
The old man lives alone in a big house and he must look after myself.
    4 词性误用
They without food and gave up at last.
    5 使用赘词
Yesterday I returned back the books to the library.
His performance approached to perfection.
Because it was raining hard, so we didn’t go to the park.
Sam was the policeman (whom) I asked him for help at the station.
    6 措词不当
After having supper, the children began to speak stories.
He was healthy like an ox. He lifted the heavy box easily.
    7 修饰语错位
They had enough grain to be stored, so they wanted to find a house which would be enough big as their storehouse.
    8 句子不完整
With the development of science and technology, we can know the world at home in many ways. For example, by TV, by radio, by internet and so on.
    9 语句不连贯
At the age of seven, his grandfather died.
Water, it is very important and no it we cannot live.
    10 套用母语
He is hard working. You will find them in his book room.

错误演练
1. We very love our school.
2. Please you come our school.
3. If I have any wrong in the written, please don’t be angry.
4. I hope you next time could come visit our school.
5. Our school has taken place great changes.
6. There are many students play football in the playground.
7. There is a teacher I shall always remember. Because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.
8. I didn’t know what was happened in the classroom.
9. Writing a essay is difficult for students who English is a second language.
10. In my opinion we should good good study, day day up.
11. I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.
12. She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.
13. Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.
14. When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and got into bed.
15. I want to buy something for my mother that she will like it. 
16. Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food.
17. I want to creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth.

第二节 完形填空部分常见词汇辨析

1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students
4. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
5. weather, climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.
6. road, street, path, way
road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
7. course, subject
course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course
8. custom, habit
custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
9. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
10. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习
Practice makes perfect.
11. damage, damages
damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages
12. problem, question
problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about,