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英国文学史资料British Writers and Works
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
2、 e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement:
3、 expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
4、
①
5、 Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and ext
6、ending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek c
7、ulture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
①
8、not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
② 9、>牧人日历
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
③ 10、 the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.n
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
① 11、of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
① 12、n in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
① 13、As You Like It>皆大欢喜; 14、 A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写 《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics: 15、士参孙
③ 16、ring best.
2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory: 17、e, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valedic 18、tion: 19、nt, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1. Alexanderl Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其 20、诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.
① 21、son塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =英语大词典n
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
① 22、 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
一个小小的建议n
② 23、 colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
① 24、is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.
② 25、英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
① novels:
26、瑟夫•安德鲁
27、>威克菲尔德牧师传n
7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
① 28、y, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include: 29、reatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
① 30、 Tree Of Liberty>
V The Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s 31、it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott 32、romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）
① 33、oud>
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beaut 34、iful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
② 35、leridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
① 36、h William Wordsworth)
3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）l
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
① 37、d’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记
39、the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
40、 Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to ta 41、ke control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
42、holy> 忧郁颂
② 43、cknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.
6 44、 Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817l
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
① 45、rlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
46、尔德庄园
47、l concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.
1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
① 48、 and Son>董贝父子
⑥ 49、an excerpt from 50、eld Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class workin
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