五大句型结构及练习题知识讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子的结构,英语句子按照构成可分为,三种类型：,简单句；并列句；复合句。,简单句又可分为五大基本句型，这五个基本句型如下,1.,主,+,谓,2.,主,+,谓,+,宾,3.,主,+,系,+,表,4.,主,+,谓,+,双宾,5.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,1.,主语,+,谓语,此句型的特点是,:,谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语,Birds can,fly,.,鸟会飞。,2.It,happened,in June 1932.,这件事发生于一九三年六月。,3.My watch,stopped,.,我的表停了。,翻译并指出其句子结构及成分,1.,玛丽昨晚上死了。,Mary,died,last night.,2.,他笑了。,He,laughed,.,3.,他的话起作用。,His words,work,.,2.,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,此句型的特点是,:,谓语动词是及物动词,是实意动词，但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语，及动作的承受者，才能使意思表达完整,。,1.She often,helps,her mother.,她经常帮助她妈妈。,2.He,wants,a cup of coffee.,他想要一杯咖啡。,3.I,like,bananas.,我喜欢香蕉。,翻译并指出其句子结构及成分,1.,我们队打败了其他队。,Our team,beat,all the others.,2.,她吃了一碗西红柿面。,She,ate,a bowl of tomato noodles.,3.,我们喜欢这个电影。,We,like,the movie.,3.,主语,+,及物动词,+,双宾语（间接宾语,+,直接宾语）,此句型的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（直宾、指物），另一个是动作的间接承受者（间宾、指人）。,此句型有两种结构,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主语,+,及物动词,+,直接宾语,+to/for+,间接宾语,1.Mr.Li told us an interesting story.,Mr.Li told an interesting story to us.,李先生给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,2.She bought her mother a scarf.,She bought a scarf for her mother.,她给她妈妈买了一条围巾。,可跟双宾语的动词有：,answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write,等。,改写以下句子,1.I will,bring,the book to you next time.,I will,bring,you the book next time.,2.Mother,bought,him a new bag.,Mother,bought,a new bag for him.,3.She,sang,them several songs.,She,sang,several songs for them.,4.Please,pass,the salt to me.,Please,pass,me the salt.,双宾中的直宾还可以是,疑问词,+,不定式,/,或者宾语从句,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,疑问词,+,不定式,1.She told me,how,to understand the article.,她告诉我怎样理解这篇文章。,She told me,how I could understand the article.,2.They asked us,where,to go.,他们想要知道,应该去哪里,。,They asked us,where they should go.,4.,主语,+,及物动词,+,复合宾语（宾语,+,宾补）,此句谓语动词虽跟一个宾语,但意思不完整,必须加上另外一个成分,(,宾语补足语,),对宾语进行补充说明。,1.We must,keep,our school,clean,.,我们必须让学校保持干净。,2.They,made,him,their monitor,.,他们让他成为了他们的班长。,3.I,saw,them,get on the bus,.,我看见他们上了公交车。,4.She,asked,me,to come back soon,.,她叫我快点回来。,下面是一些常用的要求,接,复合宾语的动词：,elect(,选举,),name,（把,sb,命名为,sth,）,call,make,find,think,She,found,the boy,very funny,.,她觉得这个孩子非常滑稽。,He,left,the door,open,and hid behind the door.,他让门开着，然后藏在门后边。,They,named,the new baby,Henry,.,他们给这个新生婴儿取名为亨利。,当不定式（短语）、从句在复合宾语结构中作宾语时，常用,it,作形式宾语，而真正的宾语后置,涉及的动词有,think,find,feel,make,consider,suppose,等,They found,that they worked with us Chinese,pleasant.,他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。,They found,it,pleasant,that they worked with us Chinese.,2.I dont feel,to understand English,difficult.,我觉得理解英语并不难。,I dont feel,it,difficult,to understand English,.,He makes,never to borrow money,a rule.,（他立志决不向别人借钱,.,）,He makes,it,a rule,never to borrow money,.,双宾和宾补的区别,在主,+,谓,+,双宾句型当中，两个宾语之间没有逻辑关系,都是谓语的宾语，而在主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补的句型当中，宾语和宾语补足语之间有一定的逻辑关系，补语是对宾语的补充说明，并且宾语和补语可以构成一个完整的句子,.,5.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,S+V+P,此句子中的动词是连系动词，必须跟后面的表语构成复合谓语。,如：,Everything,looks,different.,每件事情看起来都不一样。,2.The weather,becomes,cooler.,天气变得更凉爽了。,3.They,are,teachers.,他们是老师。,连系动词的种类,感官系动词,（表示主语感受起来怎样）,feel(,摸起来,),smell(,闻起来,),taste(,尝起来,),sound(,听起来,),look(,看起来,),，,seem,（似乎）,1)This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.,这种布手感很软。,2)This flower,smells,very sweet.,这朵花闻起来很香。,请自己造句。,2.,变化系动词（,表示主语变成什么样）,become,grow,turn,get,1,）,He,became,mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,2,）,She,grew,rich within a short time.,她没多长时间就富了。,自己造句。,3.,持续系动词,（表示主语保持某种特征、身份、状态）,keep,，,remain,stay,保持、仍然,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,2)This matter,remains,a mystery.,此事仍是一个谜。,3)She always,stays,happy.,她总是很快乐。,自己造句,4.,状态系动词,（表明主语的状态、身份、特征）,只有,be,的各种形式,1)He,is,a teacher.,他是一名教师。,2)They,are,hard-working.,他们很努力工作。,自己造句,分析下面的句子结构,1.Your food looks delicious.,2.Can I have some noodles?,3.No one will look after you.,4.She likes animals.,5.We called her Xi Wang.,6.I brought him some good books.,7.Giant pandas are in danger now.,8.People find it useful to do regular exercise.,9.The number is getting smaller and smaller.,10.The study begins next month.,11.Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands.,12.This information will make them actively take action to protect wildlife.,13.Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.,14.The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.,15.The area provides food and shelter for wildlife.,()1.I think _ necessary for us to solve.,A.it B.that C.its,()2.Mum!The fish tastes _.Could I have some more?(2010,南通,),A.terrible B.wonderful C.wonderfully,()3.The talk show on TV is very popular.It often makes people _.(2010,盐城,),A.laugh B.laughing C.to laugh,()4.You cannot sneeze and keep your eyes _ at the same time.(2010,宿迁,),A.open B.opening C.opened,A,B,A,A,()5.-Have you ever heard the song Welcome to Beijing?(2010,泰州,),-Yes,it _ nice.,A.hears B.sounds C.looks D.listens,()6.The girls voice sounds _.Maybe she can become a good singer.(2008,淮安,),A.sweet B.sweetly C.beautifully,B,A,