大学四级作文技巧.doc

开头万能公式
1开头万能公式一：名人名言
经典句型　　A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
　　 It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
2开头万能公式二：数字统计 要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
　　According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 　　　　A recent statistics shows that …
结尾万能公式
　　1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论
　　Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
　to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus，Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem，Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
——“结尾”段落中常用的句型：
　1. In my opinion, … 2. Personally, I … 3. In short (= In brief), …
　　4. In conclusion, … 5.As far as I’m concerned, … 6. To conclude , it seems clear that …
至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。
As far as I’m concerned ,I’m in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.

写作的基本原则
一、 长短句结合原则
长短句结合，抑扬顿挫。写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
　　As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、 主题句原则　　　隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
　To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一二三原则/转换词的使用
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。不推荐1）first, second, third, last 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally
3）the first, the second, the third, the last
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly　
推荐5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally　　6）to start with, next, in addition, finally
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least　　8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand　　 10）for one thing, for another thing
四、 短语优先原则
　　写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：I cannot bear it.短语：I cannot put up with it.
　　I want it. ：I am looking forward to it.　　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五．适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.
六.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
比如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …
七 克服变通能力差的弱点，要学会变通。
如一篇关于“毕业后的工作打算”的作文。有一个学生写自己想当工程师，而工程师这个词他又不会拼，所以干脆把汉语写在上面。其实这时他可以用两种方法来解决这个问题。一是更换主题，写别的职业（事实上，很多聪明的学生都写了教师这一职业，尽管并不是他们的真实意愿）；二是用解释法给工程师下定义。如把I want to be an engineer 改成 I want to be a person who plans and understands the making of machines , roads , etc. 再比如“昂贵的”一词，你如果记不清expensive的正确拼法，就不要在那儿浪费时间，使劲想把它从记忆中挖出来。不妨换个说法：用反义词来个正话反说，如：not cheap ，或近义词dear，或用短语解释be at a high price 。
八．一定要学会换词，用形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子中，applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)

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