恩波四六级(第一期).doc

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70个最值得关注的英语四六级听力备考词汇
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名师指导：英语四六级考试写作题型分析及范文
根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求，大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种：首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。
　　第一节首尾句作文
　　首尾句作文是根据段首(尾)句续写短文。段首句作文也称主题句作文，因为作文题中所给的段首句往往是段落主题句。其特点是以题目为中心，一般情况下将文章分为三个段落，每段首句即为该段的主题句(topic sentences)。考生要按主题句的要求组织材料，提出论据，用一些辅助句(supporting sentences)来支持或说明主题句，写英文段首句作文要注意：所写的内容要紧扣主题，辅助句应围绕段首句续写。保证段内每个句子的内容与段首句紧密展开各个段落，如：例证、因果、定义、比较对比、程序等。要注意句与句之间，特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。另外，所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子，有时不是一个完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，这就要求考生一定要审好题。找出其中表示中心思想的关键词，围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。
　　[例1]Directions :For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.
　　[范文]
　　Women in the Modern World
　　Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials,writers, scientists,doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.
　　With the changes in their social role,womens position in the family has been improved as well.The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others.They share comforts and hardships with each other.
　　In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength.Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.
　　第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上的作用，因而续写的内容紧紧围绕妇女的社会作用，比如，妇女可以是政府机关的工作人员、科学家、教师等;第二句的段首句是关于妇女在家庭中的地位也提高了，续写的内容也是有关夫妻患难与共;第三句的段首句是讲妇女解放仍然任重而道远，续写的部分提出了妇女所面临的问题，整个续写的部分紧扣段首句。
　　[例2]Directions :Write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph:
　　1Ever since early this century,electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.
　　2If there were no electric power,...
　　3Therefore,
　　[范文]
　　What Would Happen If There Were No Power
　　Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.
　　If there were no electricity power, our modern world would be in trouble. For instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would cease working. And all the electrical equipment life would be impossible and in a great mass without electricity.
　　Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand, we should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric resources to meet the requirements of human beings.
　　第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设，下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。最后一段指出我们应该节约用电，开拓更多的电力资源。
　　第二节提纲作文
　　提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲(一般为中文提纲)进行写作。中文提纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。写提纲作文，首先要做的就是审题，并要仔细分析题目中所列举的提纲。审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句，再在这些主题句的基础上扩展成文。在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚，开门见山。
　　[例1]Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Health according the following outline. Your composition is less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.
　　Outline:
　　1健康的重要性
　　2保持健康的方法
　　3我的做法
　　[范文]
　　Good Health
　　Good health is very important to everyone. With it, we can study hard, we can serve our country, we can do everything as we like. Without good health, everybody knows that we will fail to do things. We can’t work efficiently, we may stay in hospital, well become a burden of our family.
　　In my opinion, there are two ways for us to keep fit. First, we must eat a balanced diet. That is to say, we must eat not only eggs, fish and meat, but also some vegetables and fruit everyday. Besides eating properly, drinking clean water is also important. Never get addicted to drinking the soft drink.Second, exercising is a vital part of our daily life. We can do some running in the morning and play football in the afternoon.
　　As a university student, I pay much attention to physical exercises. I do some swimming in summer and some skating in winter. I often play badminton and tennis. I am also careful with my diet. In a way, keeping healthy is not very hard if you just take it seriously.
　　文章开门见山就点出了主题：Good health is very important to everyone。然后作者很巧妙地用了with 和without这两个介词从正反两个方面举出了具体的事例来支持自己的观点。另外，with和without这两个词常用于议论文中，用“正证法”和“反证法”来对各论点或观点进行论述。第二段的开头句紧扣提纲，概括地提出保持健康有两种方法，并且通过first, second这样的指示词,使所列举的事实条理化。最后一段告诉读者自己的做法，也紧扣了提纲。
        [例2]Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. Your composition should be less than 120 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.
　　Outline:
　　1The importance of competition
　　2The function of competition
　　3My own practices
　　[范文]
　　Competition
　　Competition makes people active and creative. It is very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would take any responsibility.“Three monks,there will be no drinking water.”This Chinese proverb vividly describes why Chinas productivity was so low before Mr. Deng came into power. At that time, we had the socalled planned economy. There was no competition at all. So farmers didnt work hard. Workers didnt work hard. China was on the edge of collapse.
　　Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do things. For example, in 100meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion, the same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a company wants to surpass, it must compete with them. It must raise its efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human beings.Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation.
　　文章一开头就提出了竞争的重要性。接下来，作者用了两个事例更进一步说明了主题。最后谈到了自己的做法。
　　[例3]
　　Directions:For this Part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Losing and Gaining weight according to the following.Your composition should be less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.
　　Outline:
　　The comparison of one’s body to a car: the similarities and differences of one’s body and one’s car.
　　1The ways for gaining weight and losing weight.
　　2My own practices.
　　[范文]
　　Losing and Gaining weight
　　The process of gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your car. First, your car can’t run if there is no petrol or diesel oil. Because it needs energy. The same thing happens to your body. Your body also needs energy, the food you eat can be converted into energy,with which you can run, you can talk, you can do everything. Second, if you eat too much you will gain weight. We know a car with too heavy load cant run quickly and safely. Maybe it will break down. For the same reason, if you are too fat, it is also very inconvenient and dangerous. You might get heart disease,diabetes, and hypertension and so on. If such things happen, doctor would ask you to lose weight.
　　You eat too much and you dont take exercise, youll gain weight. So if you want to lose weight you have to do the opposite. You will be on a diet. You will go out and do some exercises, such as, running, swimming, and playing football,etc. Soon, youll be back in good condition and good shape again.
　　As far as I am concerned, I get up and go to bed early, do plenty of exercises everyday, and pay special attention to the food I eat as well. I dont eat too much meat. Instead, my diet consists of vegetables, fruits, eggs, fish, and beans. By doing this I can keep fit.
　　作者在这篇文章中先用比较对比法比较了人与车之间的相似之处：车需要汽油，人需要食物;车载的重物过多跑不快，人长得太胖既行动不便也存有隐患，因而过于肥胖 的人就需要减肥。第一段的最后一句话起了承上启下的作用。接下来作者谈了如何减肥，最后很自然地过渡到作者自己的做法。
　　第三节关键词作文
　　关键词作文是根据作文题目以及所给出的关键词写短文。关键词的数目由几个到十几个不等。写这种题型的作文，要特别注意关键词的作用。关键词是短文内容发展的“路标”，在作文思路和写作内容上起着决定乾坤的作用。因此，写出的文章要把所给的这些关键词都用上，可以一句中用上几个词，也可以几句中用上一个词，只要能做到恰到好处即可。而且，要学会根据所给关键词的语义群分段。如果所给的关键词可以分为三组，那么，短文就可以写成三段。如果给出的关键词是两组，短文就可以写为两段。再者，要把给出的关键词用在刀刃上，即各段的主题句以及结尾的主题句都应该有关键词。
　　[例1]Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on “The Advantages of Travel” based on the words and phrases given: advantages widen our knowledge, make friends, knowledge or geography,beautiful scenery, different lifestyle, customs and cultures, various foods,practice a foreign language,worth spending the time.
　　[范文]
　　The Advantages of Travel
　　Whenever a college student is asked“What are you going to do this summer vacation?”the most probable answer might be“I am going to have a trip.”It seems that college students are fond of traveling very much. Why?Because travel has numerous advantages.
　　First of all,travel can widen our knowledge of geography,the knowledge of different customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is the best way of spending time. We can enjoy eating various local foods and seeing beautiful scenery.
　　In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time.
　　作者在第一段中就用上了关键词travel和advantage，并很巧妙地利用Because travel has numerous advantages这样的承上启下的句子来引出下文关于旅游的种种好处。最后又把关键词用在了文章的结尾处，强化了主题，不失为画龙点睛之笔。
        [例2]Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on“The Helpful Features of Textbooks” based on the following words given: textbooks, school, levels, kids, purpose, learn, therefore, features,information, contentsts,page, understand, divide, sections, finally, alphabetical, mast, help, quickly, efficiently.
　　[范文]
　　The Helpful Features of Textbooks
　　Textbooks are books that students use in schools. Students at all levels and in all kinds of schools use textbooks. They have certain features in common—features that can help students find and understand the information in them.
　　All textbooks have tables of contents at the beginning. The tables of contents list the chapter titles, the parts of the chapters,and the page numbers of the parts. These sections are divided again into smaller parts with headings and subheadings. Finally, most textbooks have an index at the back of the book. The index lists all the topics in the book in alphabetical order, and gives their page numbers.
　　These are the features of most textbooks, which help students find and understand the information in textbooks quickly and efficiently.
　　文章一开头用定义法给教材下了个定义。接下来具体说明教材的主要特征。最后一段与第一段相呼应，并重复和强调了几个关键词中的关键词，比如textbooks，information等。
　　第四节图表作文
　　图表作文要求考生用文字材料把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。在写作图表作文时，首先要仔细观察并分析图表，以及题中所给出的有关信息，比如，作文题，英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等。在分析图表时，要抓住与主题有关的信息，要发现数据呈现的规律，要充分利用图表中的图形、数据等去说明主题。但是注意不要过多地引用数据，以免造成滥用数据的后果。另外，在写作图表作文时可以套用一些常用词汇或表达方式，这将有助于你写出较为地道的图表作文。例如：
　　①As can be seen from the table (graph, form) that...
　　②From the above table it can be seen (concluded) that...
　　③A careful study of the table shows that...
　　④The number (percentage) is 3 times as much as that in 2000.
　　⑤It has decreased (fell, dropped) about twice, compared with (as compared with, as against) that of 2000.
　　⑥In 2001, it increased (went up, rose) from 5 to 15 percent of the total (to 15 percent, by 15 percent).
　　[例1]Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
　　1. State the changes in people’s diet(饮食)in the past five years
　　2. Give possible reasons for the changes
　　3. Draw your own conclusion
　　You should quote as few figures as possible.
Kinds
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Grain
49%
47%
46.5%
45%
45%
Milk
10%
11%
11%
12%
13%
Meat
17%
20%
22.5%
23%
21%
Fruit and Vegetable
24%
22%
20%
20%
21%
Total
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
　　[范文]
　　Changes in People’s Diet
　　As can be seen in the table, there have been great changes in people’s diet in the past five years. Grain used to be the Chinese main food, but now it is playing a less important role in peoples diet, while the consumption of some highenergy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased steadily.
　　What caused these changes? I think the reasons are as follows: First,the open policy brings the people opportunities to earn a lot of money.Second,people nowadays pay more attention to the structure of their diet.They are seeking the most reasonable diet structure, which will do good to their health.
　　From the above, we can see that,with the development of the country,the level of the Chinese people’s life has changed in the past five years.I’m sure there will be greater changes in the future.
　　文中第一句话就明确告诉读者这篇作文是一篇图表作文。接下来根据图表分析了在过去的五年中人们的饮食结构都发生了哪些变化，最后预测将来人们的生活水平还会发生更大的变化。尽管在这张图表中有很多数据，但作者并没有过多地引用这些数据，而是通过数据把要说明的问题点了出来。
　　[例2]Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Income Sources between Chinese and American Students.Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the in formation given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
　　1. Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American students.
　　2. Analyze possible reasons for these differences.
　　3. Predicate future tendency.
Source of income Percentage of Total Income
Parents
Part-time job
Fellowship or Scholarship
American students
50%
35%
15%
Chinese students
90%
5%
5%
      [范文]
　　Income Sources Between Chinese Students and American Students
　　Income