BEC初级--写作课程电子版教材.doc

新东方在线 [ /] 网络课堂电子教材系列 BEC初级写作
BEC初级写作

主讲：孙能武

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第一课时

BEC写作概述
BEC写作简介：
写作考试与阅读共同进行，建议占用30分钟，写作分数占总成绩的25%。
1 写作目的与要求
1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.
2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message.

更多的报名信息和成绩查询方法请上网了解： 教育部考试中心

2 测试范围与选材
1、身份介绍 (Personal Identification)
2、 工作环境与日常事务 (The office，general business，environment and routine)
3、接待与闲暇活动 (Entertainment of clients，free time，relationships with colleagues and clients)
4、商务旅行 (Travel)
5、健康 (Health)
6、购买与销售 (Buying and selling)
7、公司结构、系统及程序 (Company structures，systems，processes)
8、产品与服务 (Products and services)
9、成果与成就 (Results and achievements)
其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题（Business issues）。
3 测试题型分析

BEC初级考试写作部分的试题包括两项内容：第一项要求写一则30—40词的商务便函或商务便条；第二项要求写一篇60—80词的商务书信或商务报告。
下表是剑桥ESOL提供的考试说明列出的BEC初级考试写作部分的试题种类和格式。

PART
Functions/Communicative Task
Input
Response
Register
1
Writing a note, message, memo or e-mail, for example to
(re-)arrange appointments, ask for permission or give instructions
Rubric only plus layout of output text type
Internal communication
30 – 40 words
Neutral/
formal
2
Writing a letter, fax or e-mail, for example to apologise and offer compensation, make or alter reservations, deal with requests, or give information about a product
One piece of input which may be business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (the medium may be a note, memo or e-mail), notice, advert. etc. (plus layout of output text type, unless a letter)
Business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail) 60 – 80 words
Neutral/
formal

题型： 1．商务便条、便函类；2. 商务书信类

注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。
对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文

例题：
Part One

l You have to organise an urgent meeting at 9am tomorrow with all the staff from your department.
l Write an email to the staff:
l saying when the meeting will be
l telling them where the meeting will be
l explaining what the meeting will be about
l Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.

注意区分英式拼写和美式拼写，BEC两者都接受。
英美语言书写上还有其他区别，比如日期表达、个别词义等。
注意时间的正确表达方法。如nine am, 9:00am, 15 o’clock等为错误用法。

注意题目当中有需要自己发挥的内容点。

相关词汇 meeting seminar conference convention
lecture, seminar, tutorial
reserve, book
conference organiser, hotel, conference centre
conference facilities: laser/inkjet printer, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), telephone, fax machine, scanner, computer, internet connections
catering: dinner, buffet, tea

便函便条类题目的结构

Input: situation description
Task: memo, note, email
content points
Write: internal message (30-40 words)

注意：格式；发挥部分要确切

评分标准
Task 1
分数
全部完成大体要求，包含所有内容点，阅读不费力。
5
很好完成答题要求，包含所有内容点，阅读需要一些努力。
4
答题令人满意，包含两条内容点
3
一条内容点也没能完成，和（或）有明显的遗漏或不相关内容
2
不能完成任务；没有提到内容点，内容几乎不相关，可能误解题目要求。
1
没有相关的回答或表达方式单一，不能给分
0

注意：content; accuracy; conciseness

商务书信类
这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起草一封书信，字数要求达到120—140词左右。
题目结构：
Input: 1 situation description
2 task
3 target reader
Reading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)
Write: business letter (60-80 words)
注意字数问题

例题
Part Two

l Read this part of a letter from John Biggs, who is the president of a business club.

As President of the Clifton Business Club, I would like to invite you to speak at our annual dinner on 5 July. The dinner which starts at 7.30pm, will be held at the Mayflower Restaurant, Clifton.

I hope that you are able to accept the invitation and would be grateful if you could give me the subject of your talk, so that I can include it on the invitations to our members.

I look forward to receiving your reply as soon as possible.

l Write a letter to Mr Biggs:
l accepting the invitation
l telling him the subject of your talk
l asking how long the talk should be
l enquiring whether accommodation will be arranged for you.

l Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet.
l Do not include postal addresses.

注意：1 适当发挥
2不要跑题
3 目标读者
4 不要抄袭
三种对策：
a 换句型
e.g. This rule applies in every case.
There are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句变否定句)
b 换同义词
e.g. The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly the same.
The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical.
c 改词性
e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.
Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.

第二课时

BEC写作的语言、语法

评分标准：
级别
Task 2
分数
5
全部完成答题要求
l 包含全部4个内容点。
l 语言自信和有强烈的表达愿望；由于强烈愿望和没有阻碍而错误较少
l 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。
l 有效地组织，适当的使用一些简单的连接方式。
l 语域和格式完全适当。
给读者的印象极佳。
9或10分
4
较好的完成答题要求
l 包含3或4条内容点。
l 有使用语言的强烈愿望；一些没有妨碍的错误。
l 结构和词汇范围超过要求。
l 大体上组织较好，注意前后呼应。
l 语域和格式总体来说适当。
给读者的印象良好。
7或8分
3
尚能达到答题要求
l 包含3条内容点。
l 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。
l 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。
l 组织和连贯性总体上令人满意。
l 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。
给读者满意的印象。
5或6分
2
不能完全达到答题要求
l 包含了2或3条内容点。
l 大量错误，有时妨碍交流。
l 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。
l 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。
给读者的印象不佳。
3或4分
1
未能达到答题要求
l 包含1或2条内容点。
l 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。
l 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。
l 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。
l 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。
给读者的印象极差。
1或2分
0
什么要求也没完成。字数少于所需字数的25%，或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。
0分

评分五个方面：

1 content
2 language
3 structure & vocabulary
4 organisation
5 register

展开论述上面的5个方面
1 内容的完整性
2 语言
6C原则
1．准确(correctness)
包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。
(1)恰当的语言风格
请比较下面两组例词：
Formal
Informal
approximately
inquire
ascertain
obtain
assist
participate
construct
purchase
contribute
sufficient
difficult
utilize
About
Ask
find out
receive
help
share
build
buy
give
enough
hard
use

(2)准确的措词和信息
下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分：
a lot / allot
all right / alright
cannot / can not
different from / different than
. due to / because of
effect / affect
fewer / less
lie / lay
principal / principle
that /which
their / them / they' re
wait for / wait on
who / whom

(3)正确的语法和标点符号

2．清楚(Clarity)
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括：
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)

(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
例句：
修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.
修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.

(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)

(4)强调(Emphasis)
①位置
②重复
③数量
④技巧

(5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。
比较下面三对句子：
A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.
They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.
B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.
He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.
C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.
Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.

(6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。
We shall take a firm line with the firm．
We shall take a strong line with the film．

3．简洁(Conciseness)

A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.
We have begun to export our machines.
B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.
If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.
C .We require furniture which is of the new type.
We require new-type furniture.

(1) 使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)

尽量使用 避免使用
please will you be good enough to
prefer express a preference for
because for the reason that

(2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
as the case may be
it has come to my attention
at an early age
avail yourself of this opportunity
previous to
crack of dawn
pursuant to your request
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
this is to inform you
under separate cover
with kindest regards
I wish to state

(3) 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。 Wordy Concise
1. We would like to please
2. For the month of August for August
3. Pursuant to the end of this week now
4. A long period of time a long time
5. At this time now
6. Is at this time is
7. The weight was higher than the weight was greater than
8. I expected it to be expected
9. During the year of 1995 during 1995
10. For the development of for developing
11. In the city of Dallas in Dallas
12. The problem was that the car would not the car would not start
start
13. Square in shape square
14. in accordance with your request you requested
15. Sign on the front of this form sign this form
16. During the time that while
17. Consensus of opinion we agree
18. Remember the fact that remember
19, Held a meeting met
20. this is the situation at this time now

(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,
B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.
C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.
1. as soon as possible by July 10
2. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated
3. at all times always
4. at this time now
5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on February
such time as the new form is available
6. despite the fact that despite
7. for the month of April for April
8. for obvious reason that because
9. I would ask that you please
I0. in conjunction with with
11. in the mere recent past recently
12. in the unlikely event that if
13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting
be on time, please delay the meeting
14. in view of the fact that because
15. it will be greatly appreciated if you please
16. our production of the new product will production will begin on July 1
commence on July 1
17. please be advised that we expect you to please review the contract
review the enclosed contract

(5) 多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week．
Johnsons will pay their accounts next week．

4．具体(Concreteness)
(1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。
A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance.
These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.
B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.
Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.
C. She is a fast typist.
She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.
(2) 使用具体词汇
A. We have no hesitation in advising you…
We advise you…
B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand.
New price scales are being prepared this week.
C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,…
As the request is unusual,…

a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less

5．完整(Completeness)
自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)?

6．礼貌(Courtesy)

例如：
Dear Mrs. Walters,
Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on hand
Yours truly,
修改：

Dear Mrs. Walters
If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.
The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.

Yours sincerely

(1) 使用礼貌友好的词汇
A. 说“Thank you" , 例如:
Thank you for your letter of yesterday.
Thank you for your prompt reply.
Thank you for helping us in this respect.
Thank you for your information.

(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)
Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.
Reader emphasis: You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.

Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.
Reader emphasis: To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.

Writer emphasis: I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.
Reader emphasis: Congratulations on successfully completing the project

Writer emphasis: We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.
Reader emphasis: A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require.

(3) 措辞得体Appropriate Wording)
a．避免采用消极性的词汇或句式
Negative Wording: The office is closed after four O'clock,
Positive Wording: The office is open until four O'clock.

Negative Wording: When I received your complaint, I checked our records.
Positive Wording: When I received your letter, I checked our records.

Negative Wording: Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.
Positive Wording: The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.
Negative Wording: You did not read my recent letter.
Positive Wording: Please refer to my June 10th letter.

Negative Wording: The Executive Board did not receive notification.
Positive Wording: Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?

Negative Wording: Your letter was not clear,
Positive Wording: I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.

b.有失礼貌的言词
We deny your claim complaint
We do not believe confusion
We are not sure contrary
We find it difficult to understand contrivance
We expect delinquent
We insist deny
We are forced disagreeable
We take issue exasperate
You forgot failure
You neglected ignorance
You failed to impatience
You misunderstood incompetent
You must incredible
You should know