英语语法：反义疑问句专项讲解.docx

反义疑问句
一、反义疑问句
又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1. 陈述部分为肯定式 + 疑问部分为否定式
（如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式）
e.g. She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
Tom dislikes the book, doesn’t he?
2. 陈述部分为否定式 + 疑问部分为肯定式
(陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定式。)
e.g. He can’t ride a bike, can he?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

二、附加疑问句
（一）主语的选择
1．陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I’m as tall as your sister, aren't I?
注：当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。如：
　　I find English very interesting, don’t you?
　　I don’t like that film, do you?
2．当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they，亦可用he，如：
　　Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t they?
　　Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?
　　Nobody wants to go there, does he?
3．当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时，附加疑问句中的主语一般用it，如：
　　Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?
　　Nothing is kept in good order, is it?
　　Something must be done to stop pollution, isn’t it?
4．当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they，如：
　　This is important, isn’t it?
　　That isn’t correct, is it?
　　These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
5．如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语，附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one，非正式场合下可以用you或he，如：
　　One can’t be too careful, can one?或can you?
　　One should do his duty, shouldn’t he?
6．当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如：
　　There’s no help for it, is there?
　　There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
7．当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如：
　　She says that I did it, doesn’t she?
　　I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?
但当陈述部分的主语是I，谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。
　　I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?
　　I don’t think she cares, does she?
8．当陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如：
　　Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?
9．在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。如：
　　Don’t open the door, will you?
　　Give me some cigarettes, can you?
　　Take a rest, why don’t you?
但以let’s开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we；以let us开头的祈使句，如果含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，疑问部分用will you。如：
　　Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?
Let us go out for a rest, will you?
10．陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。如：
　　Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
　　Between six and seven will suit you, won’t it?
　　Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?

（二）谓语动词的选择
1．当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustn’t。如：
　　You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
　　I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?
但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：
　　You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?
　　They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?
　　He must be in the library, isn’t he?
2．当陈述部分含有used to时，疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如：
　　The old man used to smoke, didn’t /usedn’t he?
　　Tom used to live here, usedn’t /didn’t he?
3．当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如：
　　He ought to know the answer, oughtn’t he?
We ought to read this book, oughtn’t/ shouldn’t we?
4．当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时，疑问部分常用 need /dare +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
但当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
5．当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用hadn’t。 如：
You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?
6．感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如：
　　What a clever boy, isn’t he?
What a lovely day, isn’t it?
7．陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时，附加疑问句用may，且用肯定形式。如：
I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?
8．当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have（has）时，疑问部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如：
You have a new bike, haven’t you（或don’t you）?
She doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?
9．陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。如：
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
10．陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。如：
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
11．陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。如：
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
12． 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13．在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如：
　　Oh, he is a writer, is he?
You’ll not go, won’t you?

（三）反义疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。
例：—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。/ 不是，他不喜欢。
当陈述句部分是否定结构，附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？
—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。

反义疑问句练习

1. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___?
A. didn’t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn’t she
2. There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there?

A. no, isn’t B. some, is C. little, isn’t D. any, is
3. He has never ridden a horse before, ___?
A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t he
4. — He seldom came here, _____? — Yes sir.
A. didn’t he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. did he
5. Everything seems all right, _____ ?
A. does it B. don’t they C. won’t it D. doesn’t it
7. One can’t be too modest, can _____ ?
A. one B. he C. it D. we
8. No one failed in the exam, _____ ?
A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didn’t he
10. Neither you nor I am a artist, _____ ?
A. am I B. aren’t we C. are we D. ain’t I
11. He can’t be her father, _____ he?
A. is B. isn’t C. can D. can’t
12. They have no time to visit the museum, _____?
A. do they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. will they
14. You’d better go at once, _____ you?
A. hadn’t B. did C. didn’t D. don’t
15. You’d rather work than play, _____ you?
A. hadn’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. mustn’t
16. You dare not do that, _____ you?
A. don’t B. do C. dare D. daren’t
18. He dislikes the two subjects, _____ he?
A. does B. doesn’t C. is D. isn’t
19. These tools are useless now, _____ ?
A. are they B. aren’t they C. is it D. isn’t it
20. He used to get up at 6:30, _____ he?
A. didn’t he B. did he C. used he D. wouldn’t he
22. He ought to win the first prize, _______ he?
A. mustn’t B. oughtn’t C. shouldn’t D. Both B and C.
23. Let’s go there by bus, ___?
A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you D. will you
24. Let us go to play football ___?
A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. are we
25. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ___?
A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. do you
26. — Let’s go shopping this afternoon, _____? — All right.
A. will we B. shall we C. don’t we D. are we
27. — Pass me the dictionary, _____? — Yes, with pleasure.
A. would you B. will you C. won’t you D. wouldn’t you
30. There is little water in the glass, ____?
A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there
32. There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening, _____ ?
A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. won’t
33. — I guess she taught herself Japanese, ______? — Yes.
A. don’t I B. did she C. do I D. didn’t she
34. I don’t believe you are right, _____ ?
A. are you B. do you C. won’t you D. do
35. She doesn’t think that Tom sings best in the class, _____ ?
A. does she B. doesn’t she C. does he D. doesn’t he
37. I know you didn’t want to hurt me, _____ ?
A. did you B. didn’t you C. do I D. don’t I
38. If my father were here， he would be very happy, _____ ?
A. weren’t he B. were he C. wouldn’t he D. would he

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