7-pun--syllepsis-and-zeugma.ppt

Pun “闲闲”妻良母妻良母台湾某电脑控制洗衣机品牌，意为让太太腾出台湾某电脑控制洗衣机品牌，意为让太太腾出更多时间照顾家庭。更多时间照顾家庭。万事俱备，只欠东风 东风牌汽车 真“橙”爱你每一天，汇源果汁 汇源果汁 He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.严肃的严肃的坟墓坟墓Make time for time.时代杂志为自己做的广告标语。第一个是指时间，第时代杂志为自己做的广告标语。第一个是指时间，第二个二个timetime是指时代杂志。意思说：是指时代杂志。意思说：“抓紧时间看时代抓紧时间看时代杂志杂志”。To English will I steal,and there Ill steal.我要偷偷地溜回英格兰，上那儿偷去。我要偷偷地溜回英格兰，上那儿偷去。Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong,but little sense of right and left.女性对善与恶具有惊人的感觉，但对左与右则感觉甚微。女性对善与恶具有惊人的感觉，但对左与右则感觉甚微。The professor rapped on his desk and shouted,”Gentlemen,order!”The entire class yelled,“Beer!”Pun(双关语）Definition:pun is a play on words,such as repeating a word in two different meanings or using words that sound alike but have different meanings.-He is always game(=brave)for any game.-If you feel alone,come to us for a loan.A pun is“play on words which sound alike but which have different meanings”.Arthur Zeiger.A pun is a form of speech play in which a word or phrase unexpectedly and simultaneously combines two,unrelated meanings.Joel Sherzer（一个词或词组，以文字游戏的（一个词或词组，以文字游戏的形式，出其不意地把互不关连的双重含义同时结合起来。）形式，出其不意地把互不关连的双重含义同时结合起来。）forms of“Pun”1 use homonyms.同音异义词：see,sea;here,hear(words having two or more meanings and their sound and spelling are the same or almost the same.)-We must all hang together,or we shall all hang separately.Benjamin Franklin.-A deal with us means a good deal to you.-Money doesnt grow on trees.But it blossoms at our branches.(Lloyds Bank)-挺有女人味道。（索芙特PM风韵香皂广告词）-4303030 （三菱电梯销售部的电话号码）2 use homophones 同音同音词:(words having the same or almost the same sound,but differing in form and meaning.)-What flower does everyone have?-Tulips.(Two lips)郁金香花 -Why is Sunday the strongest day in a week?-Because the rest are week(weak)days.3 use idioms -Which runs faster,heat or cold?-Heat runs faster,because you can easily catch cold.-Why is crow the bravest bird in the world?-Because it never shows the white feather?(胆怯)外甥打灯笼 照舅（照旧）小葱拌豆腐 一青二白(一清二白）大脚穿小鞋 前紧（钱紧）孔夫子搬家 尽是书（尽是输）和尚打伞 无发无天（无法无天）4 use ambiguity-They were entertaining women.-His object is not to eat.-where were you wounded?He bought some dog meat yesterday.5 from the context -He didnt speak for a long time.He only spoke for a short time;He remained silent for a long time.-The man is drawing a cart.drawing a cart;pulling a cart.-He cooked her goose.煮鹅；got her into troubleUse of pun:pun are usually amusing and sometimes ironical.（in Ad,or poem）-OIC(Ad for glasses brand)Oh,I see.-Try our sweet corn.Youll smile from ear to ear.（ear 指玉米穗头）-高兴得合不上嘴（ear指耳朵）。-You will go nuts for the nuts you eat in Nux.坚果广告：前者go nuts兴高采烈，后Nux牌的坚果。-非常可乐，非常选择 （品牌名，非同寻常）-The driver is safer when the road is dry;The road is safer when the driver is dry.-道路不沾水，司机更安全；司机不沾酒，道路更安全。-Better late than the late.-迟到比丧命好。-Ask for More.(advertising for cigarette brand)-再来一支，还抽摩尔。-The“in”idea in business travelHilton Inn.(Ad for Hilton Inn)-宾至如归希尔顿旅馆。-Your argument is sound,nothing but sound.-你的论点响当当，除声音之外则言之无物。-要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。-我失娇杨君失柳，杨柳轻飏直上重宵九。（毛泽东答李淑一）-东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。（刘禹锡）-姓陶不见桃结果，姓李不见李开花，姓罗不见锣鼓响，蠢才也敢对歌来。（歌剧刘三姐红楼梦的人物名字谐音双关：-元春、迎春、探春、惜春-秦钟-卜世仁Paronomasia-构成条件构成条件A 双重语境（双重语境（double context）B 铰链（铰链（hinge），即多义词或同音异义词），即多义词或同音异义词 C 触机（触机（trigger），即促使使用双关语的关键因素），即促使使用双关语的关键因素 We must all hang together,or we shall all hang separately.-(Benjamin Franklin)我们必须团结在一起，否则我们将一个个地被绞死死第一个第一个语境是当前的形境是当前的形势，第二个，第二个语境是未来的威境是未来的威胁，这就就是双重是双重语境。把境。把这双重双重语境境贯穿串起来的是一穿串起来的是一词多多义的的hanghang。它起到枢。它起到枢纽的作用。第一个的作用。第一个hang hang 意意为紧靠（靠（cling for cling for supportsupport，hold fasthold fast）；）；hang together hang together 意意为团结一致（一致（be be unitedunited）。第二个）。第二个hang hang 是：吊死（是：吊死（to suspend a person to suspend a person,usually by the neck,as from a gallows,until he is,usually by the neck,as from a gallows,until he is deaddead）.触触发这一双关一双关语的背景是的背景是:殖民地能否独立，起殖民地能否独立，起义者生死者生死存亡，关存亡，关键在于在于团结，否，否则未来的威未来的威胁，可能成，可能成为现实。因。因此此产生了生了强调的必要。的必要。这就是触机就是触机 双关语构成方式双关语构成方式Homophonic Puns（谐音双关）（谐音双关）-利用意利用意义不同的同音、近音、音似的词（同音异义义不同的同音、近音、音似的词（同音异义词）构成的双关。词）构成的双关。Homographic Puns(语义双关语义双关)-利用一次利用一次多义的特点构成双关多义的特点构成双关Homophonic Puns（谐音双关）On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday the prey on you.他们今天为你祈祷，明天就对你敲诈。该句巧借pray（祈祷）和 prey（敲诈，掠夺）谐音构成双关，辛辣地讽刺了西方一些人貌似虔诚信徒，实则敲诈他人，灵魂丑恶。Although we are apart,you still a part of me.虽然我们彼此分离，你仍然是我的一部分利用apart（分开）与 a part（一部分）同音，构成谐音双关，深刻而生动地表达了一对恋人或恩爱夫妻之间的难解难分的感情。Homophonic Puns（谐音双关）“Mine is a long and a sad tale!”said the Mouse,turning to Alice and sighing.“我的故事又长又凄惨！”老鼠转向爱丽丝，叹息了一声说。“It is a long tail,certainly,”said Alice,looking down with wonder at the Mouses tail,“but why do you call it sad?”“的确，你的尾巴是很长，”爱丽丝说着，惊奇地朝下面看了看老鼠的尾巴，“可你为什么说你的尾巴很凄惨？”利用tale（故事）和tail（尾巴）读音相同，构成谐音双关，生动而有趣地刻画了小女主人公爱丽丝的天真活泼的形象。Homographic Puns(语义双关)I finally figured out how government works.The Senate gets the bill from the House,and the President gets the bill from the Senate,and we get the bill for everything.我终于懂得政府是怎样运作的了。参议院从众议院获得提案，总统从众议院获得提案，我们则为这一切买单（承担一切费用）。该句的第一和第二个句的第一和第二个bill bill 都是提案，第三个都是提案，第三个billbill指指账单，该例利用例利用billbill一一词的双重含的双重含义构成双关，巧妙而机智地揭露和构成双关，巧妙而机智地揭露和讽刺了那个刺了那个社会的丑陋社会的丑陋现象：官象：官场无事生非，老百姓承无事生非，老百姓承担一切担一切经费。Homographic Puns(语义双关)Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong,but little sense of right and left.女性女性对善与善与恶具有惊人的感具有惊人的感觉，但，但对左与右左与右则感感觉甚微。甚微。该句借双关句借双关语讽刺女性方向感差，开刺女性方向感差，开车左右左右不分不分。Bridge is a game of cards which a good deal depends a good deal.桥牌，是大部分要看牌，是大部分要看发牌（的好坏）而定的牌（的好坏）而定的纸牌游牌游戏。句中句中a good deal a good deal 重复使用，前者意重复使用，前者意为“大大部分部分”，后者意，后者意为“好牌好牌”，构成双关，相，构成双关，相映成趣。映成趣。guessguessWhy are clouds and horseback riders alike?-because they both hold the rains(reins)(hold the rains:含有雨水；hold the reins：握着缰绳)What do lawyers do when they die?-Lie still.Why is a river rich?-Because it has two banks.Whats the longest sentence in the world?-Prison for life.无期徒刑。无期徒刑。Why is the restless man in bed like a lawyer?-Because he lies on one side,then turns around and lies on the other.Syllepsis（putting together in Greek）-the senator picked up his hat and his courage.(find,gather)Definition:A figure of speech by which a word refers to two or more words in the same sentence.-The headmaster instructed us to keep our public image intact and our students in their seats.Structures of syllesis 1 a predicate verb governs to two or more object nouns in the same sentence.-The newly elected president took the oath and his seat.-He lost the game and his temper.-I got up yesterday morning and managed to catch a bus and a cold.-Coattails:clothes that fit the man and the times.-His fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched.2 a predicate verb is governed by two or more subjects in the same sentence.Ten minute later,the coffee and Cammander Dana of Naval Intelligence arrived simultaneously.-By the time I reached my home,the sun and my father had risen.-They waited and waited,but time and their aunt moved slowly.-Her patience and her ideas were nearly worn out before the party was over.(耐心殆尽，才思枯竭)3 a preposition word governs two objects-John was both out of pocket and spirits by the business.-The old woman looked at the faded photo with suspicion and a magnifying glass.-People gathered in the hall for friendship and a hot lunch.-The businessman left in high spirits and a Benz.4an adjective governs two or more nouns.-Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.-The moon was above,cold and beautiful,and the music reminded Soapy of those days-when his life contained such things as mothers and roses,and clean thoughts and collars.(The cop and the Anthem-O.Henry)-高尚的道德情操、纯洁无暇的思想，像样体面的物质生活。Features of syllepsis:-One literal meaning and one figurative meaning;both grammatical-She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.-It was my teacher who opened the door and his heart to me.Zeugma:-Lawsuit consumes time,and money,and rest and friends.Definition:a word is used to modify or govern two or more words although its use is grammatically or logically correct with only one.(yoking in Greek,强拉硬套在一块)-Well see to it that the blouses appeal to eye as well as to the purse.(我们一定要让这些女式衬衫诱人，价格也诱人。Structures of zeugma1 a verb governs two or more nouns.-Two bandits killed the man and the luggage.-Children suck the mother when they are young and the father when they are old.2 an adjective modifies two or more nouns-It is better to have a patched jacket than to have a patched character.-When the commemorating the great soul,the friends of his went to the graveyard with weeping eyes and hearts.3 a preposition governs two or more nouns-She was dressed in a maids cap,a pinafore,and a bright smile.-I would rather be clothed in rags than shame.Discussion:-The similarity and differences between Syllepsis and Zeugma.-what effects can syllepses and zeugma achieve in communication?Analyze the following sentences:Never show the bottom of your purse and your mind.To make flying more comfortable,we went to great lengths-and great widths.Age may wrinkle the face,but lack of enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.She was a thief,you got to believe:she stole my heart and my cat.“She possessed two false teeth and a sympathetic heart.During the next year,a young widow and a fortune fell in love with him.My teeth and ambitions are bared!The skyand my hopesis falling.The room was not light,but his fingers were.Its much better to have a patched jacket than to have a patched character.