45个介词的基本用法知识讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,一、4,4,个常见介词的基本用法,介词短语=介词+名词,基本介词,+,单名词,合成介词,+,多名词,双介词,+,名词性从句,1、about,基本含义：a-b-out“A在B外面”,1、在周围：The kids are sitting,about,their teacher.,I like the necklace,about,her throat.,2、环绕：The bird always flies,about,the forest.,I plan to travel,about,the world.3、关于：a book,about,English study,They are talking,about,the new film.,4、adv 大约,固定搭配：,1、How about.?,2、something+adj+about X,一些关于X的adj的事,2、above基本含义：a-b-over“A在B上方”,引申含义：,1、在上方:The sun rose,above,the horizon.,2、数目大于/重量超过/价格（能力、地位）高于,There is nothing in the store,above,50 cents.,“He who comes after me is,above,me,because he was before me”,固定搭配：,1、above all:首先（强调重要性）,Above all,he was an outstanding mathematician.,2、above all things:最最,What you need,above all things,is confidence.,3、be above oneself:兴高采烈=high spirit,When he heard the good news,he,was above himself.,3、across,基本含义：a-grass“A走过一片草坪,引申含义：,1、穿过：She walked,across,the road.,2、在.对面:The bar is just,across,the street.,3、交叉：He sat with his arms,across,his chest.,The two lines pass,across,each other at right angles.,固定搭配：,1,、A come across B.A偶遇B。,I came across Yu Minhong the other day.,2、,A ger sth across to B.A使某物被B了解。,I want to get my theory across to all students.,4、after,基本含义：“A在B之后”（强调顺序）,1、在之后（时间顺序、空间顺序）,After,dinner,they went out for a walk.,I should,after,him,but he still went on.,2、照着的样子,Read the sentence,after,me,please.,The building is named,after,the famous hero.,固定搭配：,1、,be after寻找/go after 追逐/run after 追求,You should run after your own dream.,2、,after all不管怎样（即：在任何事情之后都一样）,After all,he is your father.,3、look after照顾,5、against基本含义：a-g-e“相对”,1、碰着、靠着：She was leaning,against,a tree.,2、反对：We should fight,against,crimes.,3、预防：Save money,against,a rainy day.未雨绸缪,固定搭配：,1、go against 违反（故意违反某人的意志）,He chose to go,against,his family.,2、be against,（1）违反（违反法律、制度）,It is,against,the law to hunt tigers.,(2)反对 Lincoln was strongly,against,slavery.,（3）不利于 What he said is,against,him.,6、around基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）,1、在周围:There are many bars,around,the towm.,2、在附近、到处：I showed him,around,our campus.,3、【adv】大约：,There are,around,1000 people watching the game.,7、at基本含义:“朝向一点”,1、小地点,或小时间点,Usually,he is,at,his office in the morning.,I arrived,at,home at 7:00.,Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at,2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因,He showed no sign of pleasure,at,seeing her.,Be surprised/excited at,8、before基本含义：“在之前“（时间、空间、顺序）,1、时间上：Please come back,before,10:00pm.,2、空间上：Dont put the cart,before,the horse.,3、顺序上：Health should come,before,wealth.,固定搭配：,1、before long不久后,2、before time:提前,9、behind基本含义：be+hide “在之后“,1、空间上，在后面:A dog is running,behind,us.,2、在后台操纵：There must be someone,behind,it.,3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后;,New York is 12 hours,behind,Beijing in time.,He was,behind,others in ability.,10、beside基本含义：be+side“在边上”,引申含义：,1、在.旁边=next to;by the side of,a town,beside,the sea,She sat,beside,the teacher.,2、与.相比=compared with,My work is so poor,beside,yours.,固定搭配：beside oneself 高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形,11、besides基本含义：“除外，还有”,There were 2 other students in the classroom,besides,Tom.,12、between基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”,1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：,Between,two strange buildings stands a tree.,His age is,between,sixty and seventy.,2、表示两者之间的某种关系,He has to decide,between,life and death.,This is a secret,between,life and death（仅在我们俩之间）.,you should learn,between,lines（字里行间）.,13、beyond基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在之外,1、“在远处、在的那一边”,What lies,beyond my reach.,2、“超出的限度”（能力认识）,The fruit was,beyond my reach.,3、“除了”,I cant tell you anything,beyond,what you already know.,固定搭配：,1、beyond words无法形容,2、beyond understanding难以理解,3、beyond cure无可救药,4、beyond endurance无法忍受,14、by基本意思：by后面的名词很重要,1、在旁边 We prefer a table,by the window.,2、到时候,We have studied several prepositions,by now.,I shall have finished the work,by the time you return.,3、通过;根据;,He can tell the direction,by the stars.,Dont judge a person,by his looks.,4、按计算,Eggs are usually sold,by dozen.,The temperature has risen by,5 degrees.,5、被；He,was shocked by,what he had seen.,固定搭配：,1、by accident/chance偶然,2、by all means想尽一切办法、一定要,3、by no means绝不、一点儿也不,4、by turns轮流,5、by mistake出于误会,5、despite,基本意思：尽管、不顾=in spite of,The old professor kept on working,despite,his poor health.,16、down,基本意思：向下,引申含义：,1、表示自上而下,In order to catch the bus they run down the hill.,Tears run down her face quietly.,2、沿着河、沿着路,He walked down the road.,We sailed down the river.,固定搭配 副词,Sth break down坏了,Let sb down 令某人失望,17、during基本意思：在期间,1、在整个期间,Not a word did they say,during,the meal.,I havent had any meat,during,the last several years.,2、在期间的某个时刻,I saw Linda,during,the meeting.,18、except基本意思：ex-cept拿出来,Everyone was here,except,Tom.,【注意】,besides表示“,加,”，except表示“,减,”,19、for基本意思：“为”,1、为了,I bought a gift,for,you.,He played football,for,England.,2、因为,Bejing is famous,for,its long history.,I thank you,for,what you have done,for,me.,3、作为,I had some chocolate,for,breakfast.,4、表示时间、距离的长短,I havent seen you,for,years.,For,miles and miles you see nothing but trees.,固定搭配：,long for;thirst for 渴望,for the moment;for the present 现在、此刻,for the sake of 为了,I bear all this for the sake of my work.,for my part 对我而言,for fear of 唯恐./以防.,for pleasure;for fun 为了消遣,for sale 出售,20、in基本意思：在.范围之中,1、在.范围之中（时间、地点）,We sat down,in,the shade of the trees.,Rome was not built,in,a day.,2、在.情绪之中,I am,in,doubt about it.,They are,in,great enthusiasm about the project.,3、在.状态之中,You have put yourself,in,danger.,Their economy was,in,chaos.,Please put all the books,in,order.,4、穿着.,The police were all,in,plain clothes.,I was,in,a jacket that day.,5、用.语言,The letters were written,in,Chinese.,What,s this,in,Englishi?,固定搭配：,in a sense在某种程度上,in accordance根据.；按照.,in advance提前,in general一般而言,in ones opinion根据某人观点,21、inside,基本含义：在.里面（静态）,I looked,into,the box,only to find nothing,inside,it.,22、into基本含义：进入.的里面（动态）,1、进入.的里面,It was rainning,so they went,into,the house.,He immediately copied those sentences,into,his book.,2、进入某种状态,I burst,into,tears/laughter.,You must put the theory,into,practice.,3、变成./成为.,The book has been translated,into,many languages.,Those experiences have changed him,into,a true man.,固定搭配：,get sb into trouble/difficulties 使遇到麻烦,look into 调查，研究,run into 碰到，邂逅,23、like,基本含义：“像”,He looks,like,his father.,It was,like,fishing,for,a needle,in,the ocean.,It was not,like,her.,24、of,基本含义：“属于某个集合”,1、属于,I am a student,of,New Oriental School.,2、由.制成的The desk is made,of,wood.,3、表示人或物的性质,They two are,of,the same height.,English is,of,great importance.,4、表示后者修饰前者的A of B,The 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City,of,Beijing.,5、表示前者修饰后者的A of B(此时A为数量词),Millions,of,people are celebrating the festival.,25、off,基本含义：“离开”,引申含义；,1、从某物体上分离出来（动态）,Cut small piece,off,the bread.,Tom fell,of,f,the wall.,2、表示离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态）,The old man lives on an island,off,the coast.,26、on基本含义：“吸附”,引申含义：,1、在.上面,Put the book on the desk.,2、在某个特定的时间上,The accident happened on the cold winter morning.,3、“关于”,a lecture on English study.,4、处于某种状态,I am on a tour to Japan.,The influence of China is rapidly on the rise.,27、opposite,基本含义：”op-po”对立，在对面,I am sitting opposite Tom.,28、out of基本含义：“出”,1、从.出发、从.出来,He ran out of the house.,2、从总体中“分离出“一部分,Three out of four people are in favor of the plan.,3、“出于“,I study English out of interest.,4、没有了,I have run out of money.,I was out of breath when I got there.,5、从中提取出来（类似于made from）,Flour is made out of wheat.,29、outside基本含义：out+side“在外边“,引申含义：,1、外部的,Outside the window lies a bridge.,2、除了=excepet,No one knows it outside the members of my own family.,30、over基本含义：盖在.上面,1、在.上面,I put a cloth over the table.,I saw a bridge over the river.,2、在.问题上,Do not cry over spilt milk.,3、凌驾于.之上,The king rules over the empire.,31、past基本含义：超过,1、经过,I drove past your house yesterday.,2、时间或年龄上超过,It is a quarter past nine.,32、regarding基本含义：有意识地相关,He wants to talk with me regarding his future.,Regarding you recent enquiry.,关于您最近的询问,33、since基本含义：自从,He has not written to his parents since last Christmas.,I have been in Beijing since 2010.,I have been here since then.,34、through基本含义：穿过（跐溜）,1、通过、穿过,Walk through the door.,2、贯穿一段时间,It keeps raining through April.,3、经历,He has gone through the whole event.,4、通过某种途径,The American people won their freedom through struggle.,35、throughout基本含义：全部包括,1、在整个.地区,The good news has spread throughout the country.,2、在整个.时间,He has been feeling bad throughout the day.,36、to基本含义：“去、到”，强调目的、方向,1、“到”某个位置、方向,go to school,2、“到”某个时间、数目,Dont leave things to the last moment.,3、“到”某个状态,The music can put you to sleep in a short while.,4、“对着”某个对象,Dont yell to me.,5、“对于”某个对象,It is important to me.,37、towards基本含义：方向、趋势,1、表示动作的方向,He ran toward to horizon.,2、“对于”,She has a mixed feeling towards him.,38、under基本含义：在.之下,1、在某物之下：,The dog likes sitting under the table.,2、少于,Its population is under 2000.,3、受.支配,We will be very happy to work under his leadership.,39、until/till基本含义：某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点,I shall go on working until next week.,In any case,its better to wait until tomorrow.,40、up基本含义：“向上”,1、向.上面，由.向上,He ran up the hill.,2、沿着马路、沿着河,He lived up the river.,We walked together up the garden path.,41、upon,基本含义：upon=on 较正式,This is a book upon English.,42、with基本含义：在一起，伴随,1、“和.在一起、一道”,He lives with his parents.,2、支持某人,I am with you on your point.,3、对的态度或情绪,The dog is friendly with me.,My father is strict with me.,4、“用、以”,Kill two birds with one stone.,5、带着,Dont go to bed with anger.,43、within基本含义：在.之内,1、在.之内,A desire for success burns within him.,2、不超过.,The book is within reach of the students.,44、without基本含义：没有,1、没有.事物,We couldnt have finished the work without you.,2、没有做.,He left without telling me.,