英语写作必备—提纲式作文.doc

提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument:

There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
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2． 批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
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3． 社会问题(现象)式
A．一个社会问题或者现象
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
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辩论式作文
模块一
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版二
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版三
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
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图表式作文
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).

What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
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原因式作文
Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX
It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3).
Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through.
No one can deny another fact that (4).You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7).
注释:
1:XX的第一个优点
2:支持XX的做法
3:不支持XX的做法
4:XX的第二个优点
5:举例证明优点二
6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:
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In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1).
The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).
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For most of us today, (1). From above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.
The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second,(4). The third reason, actually, is (5).The significance for (6)。
Therefore.
注释:
(1)人们针对XX的态度和举措
(2)归纳现状
(3)第一个原因
(4)第二个原因
(5)第三个原因
(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因
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These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2). Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
注释:
(1)提出论题
(2)说明现状
(3)理由一
(4)理由二
(5)理由三
(6)理由三引起的后果
(7)解决方法

　　写作绝招
　　结尾万能公式：
　　1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
　　Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
更多过渡短语：
　　to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
　　更多句型：
　　Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
　　Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
　　这里的虚拟语气用得很经典　　更多句型：
　　Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
　　Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

　　写作的“七项基本原则”：
　　一、 长短句原则
　　我们把短句放在段首或者段末，可以揭示主题：
　　As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
　　　强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
　　二、主题句原则
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
　　三、 一 二 三原则
　　5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)
　　6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
　　7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
　　8)most important of all, moreover, finally
　　9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
　　10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
　　四、短语优先原则
　　　　I cannot bear it.
　　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
　　I want it.
　　可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
　　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
　　3)因果(so, so, so)
　　　　The snow began to fall, so we went home.
　　更多短语：
　　then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
6)排比
　　　　Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
　　Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
　　We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.

　　作文布局谋篇八种常用句型
　　一)原因
　　1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
　　A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
　　2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
　　3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
　　4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
　　5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
　　6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
　　7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
　　One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
　　Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
　　Perhaps the primary factor is that …
　　But the fundamental cause is that
　　二)比较
　　1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
　　2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
　　3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
　　4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
　　5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
　　6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
　　7.A and B has several points in common.
　　8.A bears some resemblances to B.
　　9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
　　10. A and B differ in several ways.
　　11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
　　12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
　　13. The same is true of B.
　　14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
　　15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
　　三)批驳
　　1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
　　2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
　　3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
　　4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
　　5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
　　6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
　　7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
　　8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
　　9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
　　四)后果
　　1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
　　2. The immediate result it produces is ...
　　3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
　　4. Its consequence can be so great that...
　　五)举例
　　1) A good case in point is ...
　　2) As an illustration, we may take ...
　　3) Such examples might be given easily.
　　4) ...is often cited as an example.
六)证明
　　1) No one can deny the fact that ...
　　2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
　　3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
　　4) Recent studies indicate that ...
　　5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
　　6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
　　七)开篇
　　1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
　　2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
　　3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
　　4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
　　5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
　　6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
　　7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
　　8) According to a recent survey, ...
　　9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
　　八)结尾
　　1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
　　2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
　　3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
　　4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
　　5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
　　6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
　　7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
　　8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
　　9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
　　10) Taking all these into account, we ...
　　11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
　　There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

　　5.表示措施
　　1)We should take some effective measures.
　　2)We should try our best to overcome(con quer)the difficulties.
　　3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
　　4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
　　6.表示变化
　　1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
　　2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
　　3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
　　7.表示事实、现状
　　1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
　　2)No one can deny the fact that...
　　3)There is no denying the fact that...
　　4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
　　5)However，that's not the case.
　8.表示比较
　　1)Compared with A，B...
　　2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
　　3)There is a striking contrast between them.
　　9.表示数量
　　1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
　　2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000.
　　3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
　　再如：
From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

六级写作常用核心句型
开头段常用核心句型
　　The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that…
　　Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that…
　　It is true that…, but this is not to say that…
　　The main/obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that…
　　It would be natural/reasonable to think that…, but it would be absurd to claim that…
　　There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that…
　　At first thought, it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that…
　　The problem/fact is that…
　　As far as I am concerned, I believe that…
　　Those who object to…argue that…But people who favor…, on the other hand, argue that…
　　中间段的常用核心句型
　　The change in…mainly results from…
　　The increase in…is due to the fact that…
　　Many people would claim that…
　　One of the reasons given for is that…
　　There are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in… First… Second… Finally…
　　Why are (is/do/did)…? For one thing… For another…
　　History is filled with the examples of…
　　As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that…
　　There is (no) good evidence to…
　　We must admit the undeniable fact that…
　　No one can deny the fact that…
　　Experience (Evidence) suggests that…
　　The same is true of…
　　结尾段的常用核心句型
　　It is high time that we placed great emphasis on the improvement of…
　　It is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation