1、第二节 被动语态 考试重点:感官动词和使役动词的被动语态;动词短语的被动语态;情态动词的被动语态;用主动表示被动的含义。 一、感官动词及使役动词(如:see,feel,hear,watch,make,bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补,改为被动语态时要加to。 1、The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder. A. came B. come C. to come D. have come (答案为C)(2000年58题) 2
2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。 二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词,构成短语。变被动语态时,短语动词做及物动词用。 1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。 2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。 三、情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词+be+过去分词。 1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。 2、Nothing can be s
3、een from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。 四、用主动表示被动的含义 常用:need/require +doing sth(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物) 例:My room is a mess. It needs _____. A to be tidying up B. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up (答案为B)(2000年47题) 第三节 情态动词 考试重点:情态动词+完成时 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化,在句子
4、中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看,着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。 一、must +现在完成时 表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。 1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now. A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive (答案:B)(1998年44题) 2、I believe he _____ a
5、n accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had (答案为D)(2001年58题) 二、should (ought to )+完成时 表示应该做的事情而没有做,否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。 1、They have done things they ought _____. A. not to do B. not to be d
6、one C. not to have done D. not having done (答案为C)(1999年59题) 2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier. A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phoned D. should be phoned (答案为C)(2000年26题) 三、could +完成时 表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜,
7、遗憾。 1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time. 他本来能够参加我们的,但是他没有收到我们的请贴。 2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough. 我本来能及格的,但是没有努力学习。 第四节 虚拟语气 如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时,称为虚拟条件句。 考试重点:虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;if的省略形式;含蓄条件句;以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句;would
8、 rather 引导的从句;以as if, as though 引导的从句;以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句;It is necessary(important)that引导的主语从句;It is time (that)…句型中。 一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法: 虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类: 1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. kno
9、w (答案:C。与现在的事实相反,从句用过去时)(1995年38题) 2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language? A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak (答案:A。与现在的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去时。) 3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come B
10、 would have come C. had come D. came (答案为C。与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。)(1995年59题) 二、if的省略形式 在虚拟条件句中, 如谓语包含were , had, should等词, 则可以把这些词放到主语前面,省略if。 1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that
11、D. As I realized (答案:B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if,而将谓语中的过去式were,had,或should等移至主语之前。)(1996年39题) 2、_____, I should ask them some questions. A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us (答案:A。与将来事实相反。)(1997年30题) 三、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其
12、它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with,without,but for。 1、Without your help, we _____ so much. A. didn’t achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. don’t achieve (答案:B。这是一句含蓄条件句,条件暗含在介词短语without your help中,因此要用虚拟语气。)(1996年33题) 2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday. A. sh
13、ould have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had (答案:B。2003年28题) 四、以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用:主语+wish +从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用:主语+wish +从句(主语+过去完成时); 1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he w
14、as in college. A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study (答案:C)(2000年53题) 2、I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there. A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be (答案:C)(2001年53题) 五、would rather+句子(过去时) 1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don
15、’t mind. A. rather B. better C. happier D. further (答为案:A)(1998年45题) 2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would come C. came D. have come (答案为C)(2002年46题) 六、以as if,as though引导的从句 在as if,as though引导的从句中,如果谈论的是不可能或
16、不真实的情况时,它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。 1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known (答案:B。as if(though)从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑,所以用过去时。) 2、You are talking as if you had seen them 你谈的那么起劲,好像你真的见过似的。(表示想象中的
17、过去的动作) 七、以suggest,advise,insist等词后引导的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略。 类似的动词有:propose,insist,suggest,order,demand,require,request等。 1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have (答案:
18、C)(1998年28题) 2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out. A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on (答案:A)(1999年58题) 八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词,should可以省略。 1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.
19、 A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come (答案:C)(1997年29题) 2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made. A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged (答案:C)(2003年45题) 九、It is time (that)…引导的定语从句中,谓语动词用过去时。 1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident. A. do B. will do C. did D. must do (答案:C)(1996年43题) 2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking? A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up (答案:B)(1999年31题)






