现代大学英语2LessonOne_AnotherSchoolYearWhatFor.doc

Lesson One: Another School Year: What For?

1. Warm-up Activity: Class debate—What is college for?
Involve the students in a class discussion on the topic of the purpose of education in college based on their own views.
1. Give the students sufficient training for a career;
2. Put them in touch with the best of what human race has achieved—both the techniques and spiritual resources of mankind;
3. Train the ability to keep up with the latest development of science and society;
4. Train the ability to communicate with other people and other cultures effectively.

2. Word building
Give the noun forms of the words and match the corresponding English meanings.
accomplish—accomplishment (complete, achieve)
acquire—acquisition (get; learn)
assume—assumption (suppose, presume)
arrogant—arrogance (proud, conceited)
available—availability (able to be used or obtained)
certify—certification—certificate (confirm, prove, declare that sth. is true)
civilize—civilized—civilization (educate) anti.: savage/ barbarous
democratic—democracy—democrat (relating to democracy)
enroll—enrollment (admit, recruit)
continue —continuous—continuity (keep doing)
(vi.)—continuance
(vt.)—continuation

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expose—exposure (uncover, make visible)
generate—generation—generator (regenerate, degenerate) (produce, create)
inevitable—inevitability (unavoidable)
maintain—maintenance (keep, sustain, retain)
peculiar—peculiarity (strange, particular, special)
penetrate—penetration (go through)
pursue—pursuit (follow, chase)
e.g. The police pursued the thief down the road.
are in hot pursuit of the thief.
qualified—qualification (entitled, eligible)
e.g. He qualified as a doctor.
He is qualified as a doctor.
His skills qualified him for the job.
specialize—specialist—specialization—specialty (concentrate on one thing)
3. Related words and expressions

accomplish
1) compare: accomplish an aim/ task 完成目标/ 任务 (finish? complete? achieve?)
finish: implies what one sets out to do is done, the completion of the final act in a process of things.
complete: implies the removal of all deficiencies, the finishing of all attempts.使完全，使完美
e.g. finish a book
complete a collection
finish/ complete one’s education/ task
Question: end与finish的区别？(a stronger sense of finality)
accomplish (complete sth. successfully, implies the end rather than the process or means)
achieve (adds to “accomplish” the meaning of difficulties or efforts)
e.g. an accomplished fact 既成事实
an accomplished writer 有才华的作家

acquire
1) two meanings
study get
learn gain
acquire (a language/ habit) obtain
pick up acquire
2) compare:
① How long have you studied/ learned English?
② It is sometimes possible for a student to acquire a large vocabulary even without the help of a teacher. (a formal expression: learn sth. through efforts over a period of time) 指通过努力而具有某种技能和知识，常用来表示语言的习得和习惯的养成(acquire a language/ habit), 表达较为正式。
③ He picked up some French while he was studying in Paris.
(informal: learn sth. by chance, esp. as a result of being in a particular place, doing a particular thing, or being with a particular group of people. ) 指由于环境或周围人的影响，偶然地、无意地或轻松地学会某种技巧或染上某种习惯。
3) Blank-filling
He has just begun to learn English. (强调初学)
I’ll learn some French history. (强调涉略不深)
I’ve learned a lot from the lecture. (强调学会)
He learnt to swim. (强调学会一种技巧)
He’ studying hard/ late for exams. (强调勤奋)
He is studying the problem of social justice. (强调研究)
(Study和Learn两词从广泛意义上的“学习”讲的时候常可以换用。Study意为“学习，研究”，强调学习的过程，有勤奋努力的含义，常指深入系统地学习一门学科或研究复杂的问题，不能用于单纯地获得技巧，如：study science, study medicine, study a map。
Learn意为“学习，学会，获悉”，侧重学习的成果，指通过学习获得某种知识或技能，没有勤奋钻研的意味。Learn后面加不定式时指学会一门技艺，后面加名词和动名词时，指学习某种知识。Learn还可与介词from组成词组，指向某人/处学习一门技能, 或从某人/处得知一个消息。)
assume
1) compare
assume (suppose to be true without proof比较武断)
presume (suppose that sth is the case on the basis of probability根据推测)
eg. I assume that you can do it. 我假定你能做到。
I presume you can do it. 我相信你能做到。 (常不接that)
2) different meanings:
I assume that he is right. / I assume him to be honest. (suppose) 假设
He assumed a look of surprise. (pretend) 装出……样子，显得
You will assume your new duties tomorrow. (task, position, power, office) (take on, undertake) 开始承担
(c.f. May I presume to tell you…表示冒昧地……)
3) word form: assumption, presumption, consumption

bachelor
1) compare
Bachelor’s degree (B. S. / B. A. / B. E.) undergraduates
Master’s degree (M. A. / M. B. A.) graduates/ postgraduates
Doctor’s degree (D. A. / Ph. D泛指) doctoral candidates (post-doctoral fellows)
2) note: old bachelor / spinster

client
client (of law firms, banks…) 银行律师事务所
customer (of a business, shops) 生意，商店
guest (of a restaurant, hotel) 饭店，旅馆

continue
1) word forms
continue continuous continuity
continual continuation
continuance
2) Use of “continue”
continue the work
continue to work (都作“不停地……”解释，不作“停止后继续”解释)
continue working
continue with one’s work
The battle continued.
He continued that… (接着说)
Error correction:
*He continued to write the letter when he got back home.
(He resumed to write…/ He began to write… again)
3) Use of its adjective forms
There was continual rain for an hour. (implies a close or unceasing succession or recurrence)
一直地，频繁地（可能每隔一分钟下一分钟雨 ）
There was continuous rain for an hour. (implies an uninterrupted continuity or union)
持续不断地（持续下雨一小时）
There is a continued struggle against the rule. (+ interest, development强调被使持续不断的意思)
4) Use of its noun forms
The story lacks continuity. (由形容词来, 指连续性)
Continuance of the war will mean short food supplies at home. (由vi.来, 表自动延续)
Continuation of my work was difficult after I had been ill for six month. (由vt.来, 表被动继续)
Blank-filling: After a long continuance of poor health, he found continuation of work tiring, since it required continuity of attention.

drugstore
drugstore (AmE.) druggist drug pill
chemist’s shop pharmacist medicine tablet
pharmacy chemist medication(U) capsule

enrol(l)
1) compare
enroll (register as a member or a student)
admit (allow to enter or join)
The school will enroll new students the first week in September. (vt.)
I enrolled at the college. (vi.)
I enrolled in a history course. (vi.)
The ticket will admit you to the show. (vt.)
He was admitted to the school this year. (vt.)
2) blank-filling
In china, admission to college is by examination only.
Enrollments in the nation’s 120 medical schools reached an all-time high of 60,000. (入学人数)
3) other words: recruit招募新人员, enlist 参军，入伍

humanity
1) getting to know the difference
human (n. & a. human life/ body; To err is human, to forgive divine.犯错人皆难免)
humane (a. kind, thoughtful, sympathetic: a humane person/ character)
humanity
humanism (a philosophy that attaches importance on human rather than religion.) 人本(文)主义
humanitarian—humanitarianism (a person who seeks to promote human welfare) 人道主义，博爱精神
2) compare
a human (C)= human being
humanity (U)= mankind人类（总称）
humanity (U)=the state of being human人性
humanity (U)= Humaneness（人道，博爱）
humanities (Pl.)=liberal arts (Subjects of study such as literature, philosophy, and history which are concerned with human beings, their ideas, actions, and relationships, rather than science subjects.)人文科学

implicit
1) compare
implicit: suggested, implied
explicit: expressed clearly
e.g. There is an implicit understanding between them that the subject should not be mentioned.
He gave explicit instructions not to be disturbed.
2) word formation
explicit—explicate—explication (state clearly)
implicit—implicate—implication *(implicate: show someone to be involved in a crime)

literal
1) compare
literary: (a. concerning with literature) N= literature文学的
literal (a. using words in their most basic sense, without metaphor or exaggeration)字面的
literate (a./ n. able to read and write; having education or knowledge) ant: illiterate识字的
2) Blank-filling
A literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning. 逐字逐句地翻译
In the foreseeable future, it will be necessary for everyone to be computer literate.会电脑
He had literary tastes, and was well-read in science. 文学品位
Only one half of the native population was literate.识字
It is to be understood in a figurative, not in a literal sense. 照字面意思理解
London was the literary center for the English Language. 文学中心

maintain
1) compare
maintain: keep sth at a certain level or condition (do not let it stop or grow weaker)维持，维护
retain: keep sth useful or desirable保留，保持，保存
sustain: keep sth for a period of time保持，维持，使……持续不断
2) Blank-filling
1. She retains a clear memory of her school days. 保留记忆
2. He sent home 100 dollars a week to maintain the family. 养家
3. The facts sustain his theory. 支持，证明理论
4. The two classmates maintained their friendship for the next forty years. 维持友谊
5. The general retained effective control over the armed forces. 继续有效地控制
6. Concentrated study will help you retain knowledge. 记忆
7. The branches could hardly sustain the weight of the fruits. 支撑重量
8. This antique car is well maintained. 保养，维修
9. They had nothing to sustain them all day except two cups of coffee. 维持生命
10. The duty of a police officer is to maintain law and order. 维持法律与秩序
11. If the work is not done next month, he cannot retain his office. 保不住职位
12. He maintained that he was not to blame. 坚持认为

sensitive
1) compare
sensitive: quick to detect or respond to slight changes or influences敏感的（敏锐的，易怒的）
sensible: reasonable, rational, wise 明智的
2) use
a sensitive man 敏感的 (easily hurt or offended by things that people do or say.)
sensitive skin 敏感的皮肤
his sensitive eyes 敏锐的眼睛
sensitive reading of a poem 有感情的朗读
a sensitive friend 体贴人的朋友
3) collocation
The eye is sensitive to light. 对……敏感
He is very sensitive about his ugly appearance. 在……方面敏感

4. Words in their different meanings

expose
1) meaning
Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight for too long. 暴露
Real education should expose students to good arts and music. 接触思想知识等
2) collocation
Too much exposure to the sun is harmful to your skin.

faculty
He was on the faculty there as a full professor for over forty years. (C. teaching staff) 全体教员
He has the faculty to learn languages easily. (U. ability, capability) 能力
the faculty of law (a group of related departments) 法学院

generate
The machine is used to generate electricity. (produce) 产生，发（电，光，热，力）
His words generated hatred between the two races. (cause) 导致，引起

penetrate
Light cannot penetrate a brick wall. (vt.) (get into/ through) 穿过
The smell penetrated into/ through the room. (vi.) 弥漫
Can you penetrate the author’s symbolism? (understand or discover) 理解
e.g. penetrating cry刺耳的叫喊, ~ look犀利的眼光, ~ questions 深刻的问题, ~ mind / thought 深邃的思想 (one that requires the ability of understanding clearly and deeply)

rear
The garage is at/ in the rear of the house. (n. the back part) 后部
Leave by rear door of the house. (a. at the back) 后面的
The boy’s aunt reared him. (vt.) (bring up and educate; breed animals or grow crops) 养大，饲养

5. Paraphrase
1) Encounter with a student

Para. 1
serious accidents
disasters: natural disasters: flood, snow storm, hurricane, earthquake ,volcanic eruption, tornado
here: failure, annoying experience
e.g. My date with Kevin was a disaster.

students fresh from (out of) college 刚从学校毕业的学生
students who have just graduated from college.
e.g. soldiers fresh from their last victory 刚凯旋而归的战士
(to have just come from a particular place; to have just had a particular experience)

body: a group of people who work or act together
student body: all the students of the university
part of the student body: one of the students
e.g. a legislative body 立法机构

Para. 2
this specimen
a particular species of animal
a typical kind of students

mean to do reach for
intend to do try to obtain

specialize in
be (an) expert in / at/ on
be competent in/ at/ to do

It would certify that…
It would be official proof that…

Para. 3
be around

be present in a place

It matters.
It is important.

Para. 4
put
express or say sth in a particular way

average out to/ at
come to (result in) an average
e.g. Meals at the university ~ to about 10 yuan a day.

hold (hold good)
to be true/ valid/ apply

She works 12 hours a day, more or less. (approximately)
We have more or less reached an agreement. (basically, essentially, almost)

Para. 5
be employed in doing sth. e.g. Your time could be employed in reading some books.
spend time doing sth

see to it that…
make sure that…

pursuit

occupation, activity

go to the electric chair (electrocute)
receive death penalty by electricity

The food will suffice for a simple lunch.
is enough for a simple lunch.

Para. 6
be exposed to (be introduced to, receive ideas and feelings)
maintain contact with
keep (put sb) in touch with

reasonably
moderately/ fairly/ quite
e.g. She wants to find a place ~ close to her university.

penetrating ideas
profound ideas

Para. 7, 8
this particular pest
an annoying person
be out to do sth/ for sth
to be trying to do/ to get sth
e.g. The company is out to break into the European market.

be stuck for
not to know what to do in a particular situation
e.g. In the middle of the speech, he was stuck for words. (He didn’t know how to go on.)

(2) The purpose of university education

Para. 9

have no business doing/ to do
have no right to do, shouldn’t have been/ be doing
e.g. You have no business telling me what to do.

on the way to
on the point of (experiencing, becoming…)
e.g You are on the way to hell/ becoming a criminal.

mechanized savage (simple-minded persons who can only work machines)
push-button Neanderthal
such life forms (living creatures without thinking or reasoning powers)

a beanpole with hair on top (indicates an unfavorable impression on the author)
this specimen (implies he was typical of those students who came to college to just get training for a career, as if he were typical of a certain species of animal)
this particular pest (an annoying person or thing)

Assume you’ve went through college…
They went to college. (with efforts)
The college went through them. (without making contact)

Para. 10, 11
Chances are that..
There is every change that…
It is (very) likely that…

Para. 12
be true of a person/situation
apply to …

add to necessarily in literal time in essence
increase inevitably in reality basically, by nature

Para. 13, 14
I speak for… and for…
My remarks apply to… and the same is tr