大学英语Grammar1st句子类型.doc

Grammar 1st:
Simple Sentence & Compound Sentence
句子
简单句
复合句
名词性从句
定语从句
状语从句
主语从句
宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
让步状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
并列句

E.G. 1. I like that job. 简单句
2. I like that job, but I don’t like the manager.并列句
3. I like that job which gives me a lot of challenges. 定语从句
4. I like that no matter what happens, he’ll always be with me. 宾语从句
5. When I need him, he’s always there. 时间状语从句
1 简单句（simple sentence）：只有一个主谓结构的独立分句。在简单句中。主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，有可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语构成，构成并列的主语或并列的谓语。除了主语和谓语，简单句中还可以有宾语，定语，状语，补语。
A). 主语（subject）是一个句子的主题（theme）,是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般是一句之首，可用做主语的有单词，短语，从句，乃至句子。
A tree has fallen across the road.
1) He told a joke but it tell flat.
2) Three’s enough.
3) Old and young marched side by side.
4) The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
5) To find your way can be a problem.
6) Smoking is bad for your health.
B). 谓语(predicate)或者谓语动词（predicate verb）的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词+主要动词）构成。
1) What happened?
2) He worked hard all day today.
3) I don’t happen to know.
4) What’s been keeping you all this time？.
C). 宾语(object)在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般位于及物动词之后。可以做宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句。
1) She’s expecting a baby in July.
2) What does it mean?
3) He left there last week.
4) Does she really mean to leave home?
5) He stopped smoking last week.
6) He always does unexpected.
D). 表语（predicative）的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。可以做表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1) He became a king when he was a child.
2) Please feel free to say what you really think.
3) The class is over.
4) Complimenting is lying.
5) She is in good health.
E). 同位语（appositive）当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个句子成分可以用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，后者就叫做前者的同位语.
1) We have 2 children, a boy and a girl.
2) They all want to see him.
3) He has never traveled in Europe, that is to say, he has only been to paris and immediately returned.
F). 定语(attribute)是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1) He is natural musician.
2) He has a baby girl.
3) Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
4) Do it now, you may not get a second chance.
G). 状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词、或全句的句子成分。按照其用途可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、程度、方式、伴随状况等11种
1) Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
2) I will always remember your kindness.
3) There are plenty of fish in the ocean.
4) She did it out of curiosity.
5) She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
6) They played football in spite of the rain.
7) Don’t look at me like that.
H). 补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补语主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足与（subject complement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语(object complement)。
形容词做主语补足语时常置于主语之前，后有逗号。
1) Tired and sleep, I went to bed.
2) He got off the bench very nervous.
3) They named the child Jimmy.
4) She boiled the egg hard.
5) I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
I). 独立成分（independent element）与全局没有语法关系的句子成分.:感叹词、呼语和插入语
1) There, there, don’t cry.
2) You’re joking, eh?
3) Goodbye, John.
4) Business, he reflected, appeared as brisk as ever.
五种句型结构：
1) (主语+谓语)SV： Day breaks!
2) （主语+谓语+主语补语）SVC: He died young.
（主语+系动词+表语）SLP: He and I are pretty good swimmer.
3) （主语+谓语+宾语）SVO: She heard whisperings.
4) （主语+谓语+宾语+宾语）SVOO: Judith paid me a visit.
5) （主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）I found this book easy.
I heard him coming up the stairs slowly.
2 并列句：含有两个或两个以上的独立分句的句子。这些独立分句处于平等的、互不依存的并列地位。英语的并列句不能用逗号隔开（较短的句子例外），而是要用分号或并列连词连接，连词前可用可不用逗号。并列连词有:and, but, yet, for, so, and so, while, whereas, or, as well as, rather than, besides, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also.
1) They were happy and they deserved their happiness.
2) Hurry or you won’t make the train.
3) Honey is sweet.
4) You’re live! And she’s dead.
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