被动语态解采用版PPT课件.ppt

被动语态（The Passive Voice)一、运用被动语态的情景(Situations)二、被动语态的结构与时态 (Structure and Tense)三、被动语态举例(Examples)四、主动变被动的方法(Method)（单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句）五、没有被动语态的动词和词组 (Verbs and Phrases)六、Exercises1.Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态。一、运用被动语态的情景一、运用被动语态的情景2.1.被动语态结构：be+过去分词(PP)+(by)2.主动变被动应注意的情况：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。3.The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.3.3.如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1.1.主语 介词by by 宾语2.2.谓语 be+ppbe+pp3.3.宾语 主语4.4.4.主动语态和被动语态结构对照表主动语态和被动语态结构对照表5.注：1.被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词 助动词或情态动词构成。2.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。6.5.被动语态举例TheGreatWallwas builtmorethan2000yearsold.Anewbridgeis being builtacrosstheChangjiangRiver.Theprojectwill(isgoingto)be finishednextmonth.Manytreeshave been plantedaroundthelake.Oldpeopleshould be takencareof/lookedafter.Bookscant be takenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.7.6.被动语态应注意的问题1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.-Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.-Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.8.2.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb.ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb.to do sth.to do sth.结构：Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.Wetoplantmoretrees.should be allowedare encouraged9.3、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略toto，改为被动语态时一定要补上toto。(记忆口诀：“使感动词”真奇怪，toto在句中像妖怪，主动语态toto走开，被动语态toto回来。”)Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.-Hesinginthenextroom.Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.-Wedoallkindsofwork.注：当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doingdoing不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动)was heard towere made to10.4、宾语从句汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的宾语从句句型。Itssaid/reported/believed/that据说/报道/认为Itssuggestedthat有人建议Itswellknownthat众所周知Itshopedthat人们希望。eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道11.5、没有被动语态的动词和词组1.不及物动词如happenappearbelongto;takeplace;breakout等无被动语态A traffic accident _(happen)just now.2.连系动词无被动语态，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。Peking Opera _(sound)beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态，如haveownfit.I have a bike.12.4.wash,write,sell,wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态,常用副词well,easily修饰。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(这衣服较好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）13.5.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.14.【2013江苏常州】This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,_ well.A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold【解析】某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read,write,wash,clean,draw,cook,sell,lock,open等,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为This listening material为第三人称单数;sell well意为“畅销”。句意为“这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选A。15.【2013河南】Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself.Sorry.The book you ask for_ out.A.is selling B.is sold C.was selling D.will be sold【解析】主语the book和动词sell构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的书已售完”。故选B。16.【2013广西南宁】Han Hans books are popular.They _ by many teenagers.A.is read B.was read C.are read D.were read【解析】由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案选C项。17.【2013湖北宜昌】At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.More chances _ to students to learn from each other.A.offer B.are offered C.have offered D.are offering【解析】句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有are offered为被动语态。故选B。18.【2013湖北襄阳】Didnt you see the sign“No Parking!”on the right?Sorry,I didnt.But now I know parking _ here.A.wasnt allowed B.isnt allowed C.wont allow D.doesnt allow【解析】由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语now可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。19.【2013广东梅州】The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school.A.is taken B.are taken C.take D.takes【解析】主语the child与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。20.【2013浙江宁波】Have you finished your project?Not yet.Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes.A.give B.am given C.will give D.will be given【解析】句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成它”，主语与动词give之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。21.【2013湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _ hand,and it _ very comfortable.A.is made with;is felt B.are made from;is felt C.are made of;feels D.is made by;feels【解析】句意:“这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服”,主语this pair of shoes不能执行谓语动词make,故用被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数形式,用is made by的被动结构;feel为连系动词,不能用被动语态，故选D。22.六、Exercises1、Jaysingsmanyfamoussongs.(被动语态）ManyfamoussongsJay.2、Hermothergaveheranewpen.(同义句）Anewpenherbyhermother.3、Ifhe(give)onemoreminute,he(finish)theexamyesterday.4、Thestudentismade(stand)thereforhalfanhour.5、Hewontgotobeduntilhishomework(finish).6、Theheatedicecreamscoops(invent)byaman(call)Lanmon.7、Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.(被动）Astrangerwalkintothebuilding.are sung bywas given towere givenwould finishto standis finishedwere inventedcalledwas seen to23.