美国的宗教文化与对社会的影响.doc

American religion and impact on society
Although the vast majority of Americans to take an oath devoutly religious beliefs; but on one's resolve is unshaken., most religious believers, and that its theology force attracting people, still be inferior to saying is it moral force to deter people. The United States of America most believers think, only fear of God's people in the world, will behave, honest, respectful of life; not afraid of God's people, it is likely that reckless, ego, do as one pleases, and finally associate oneself with undesirable elements and evil forces. In this sense, Americans believe in God, fear God, to God's deterrent power restrain their behavior, with the inculcation of God for their own ethics. Maybe Americans in religion is more emphasis on the moral significance of reason, religion in the United States have less dogmatic composition. Either a preacher or missionary, preaching, they on the doctrine itself is simplified as much as possible, don't
Do any metaphysical interpretation. The various religious groups and church organizations in between less doctrinal disputes, more cases, the differences between them and the difference mainly in the form of ritual and liturgy. In the worship ceremony, different sects are often used to reflect their own characteristics of the liturgy. In order to meet the demands of the people, many sect religious ceremony is also improved, as in the use of modern audio equipment to replace the traditional pipe organ, before the sermon broadcast movie and put on a short play. Thus, the church consists of a single function to set the church place of worship, social, entertainment and education of integrated activity center. Since World War II, the rapid development of science and technology and the application of new technology has greatly changed the way people religious; various religious denominations
Acts in their respective churches and religious organizations have relationship and maintain contact, less out of strict theological meaning soul save purposes, more is to seek social bonds and the resulting psychological comfort. In the United States of America such a fierce competition, utilitarian thought seriously, interpersonal indifference, the intrigues of the society, to attend a religious groups often gives people a sense of belonging, one one mental asylum, a kind of social recognition and a group together bring a sense of satisfaction. Therefore, as a kind of belief, religious influence in American behavior and the philosophical importance is declining, but as a kind of social practice activities, religion for individuals and families to provide a sense of identity, and its social function and social significance is rising. American's life, including people 's daily life, have been less or little affected by the religious restriction, but in their
Consciousness, religious ideas are still often plays a certain role. For example, in the T abortion, homosexuality and family values and other popular social topics, religious beliefs about their viewpoints still plays an important role in.
In the United States today, the power of religion have how old?" According to American news and World Report" at the beginning of 1994poll, by the end of the century, the United States of America the world's richest, most powerful and most educated countries will continue to be a religious population most countries. To the master of the White House, down to the civilian population, no one is that he ( she ) is the heart of a benevolent god. Their home Lidaduo have a" home" Bible" (" family Bible ' ), they also can often hear the prayers. In the United States, the religious influence on the individual and the role throughout his ( her ) throughout the life course. Religion has long been provided and continues to provide life memorable several events with the customs and etiquette of ~ ~ birth, marriage, death, adult. The United States Army pastor, priest and various different religions with the clergy. The United States of America 's university campus, active in a large number of student religious groups. The United States hospitals, prisons, airport and many other public and private agencies also have full-time or part-time religious occupation personnel to provide the appropriate religious services. The United States more than 85% private primary and secondary school students attend church school. Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University and many other famous American University was founded by the church. Today, the United States has more than 1200religious radio stations broadcast religious programmes,1997," all-weather religious station" for all television stations1/12. In twentieth Century the last ten years, the United States of America 's religious program R 75%. The United States of America religious newspapers and magazines has5000 kinds. Religious music audio products sales far beyond jazz, classical music and other J pop music. More than half of American adults participated in a religious organization charity service live I or doing volunteer, in New York, Chicago, Losangeles, Philadelphia and other big city community to provide I services is the main force of reThe major denominations
The Protestant ( Protestant )
Protestantism in the English word for Protestant, and the word Protestant comes from English in another word protest protest ). In Chinese," Protestant" and" against" seems to have no relevance, but in English," Protestant" is from the " resistance" and" protest ' ' in the. Originally, Protestant thought originated from sixteenth Century religious reform movement ( Reformation ), mainly for the Rome Catholic Church ( Roman Catholic Church ) rigid hierarchical monks, it rigid religious dogmatism, and its religious and secular affairs corruption, corrupt behavior (such as to build churches as wantonly claw amass wealth, or to the sale of indulgences and clergy position form fill one's own pocket etc.) and protest. The protests led to a number of people from the Catholic separated, composed of another important branch of christianity. Because they" started to protest, to protest the" into"
The name", so, these groups is called" protestants". Chinese put" Protestant,, translated into Christ" Protestant", according to the author's view, is to use it to distinguish it from existing Christ catholic.
After the rise of new education, in the UK, Holland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark and Norway and other countries to develop very quickly. In Britain, the British at the time of King Henry VIII also actively introduce people to participate in the Protestant movement, but Henry VIII in the capture and consolidate his religious forces, on the doctrine, religious organizations and religious rituals did not make any major reform, which led to a part of religious reform radical resentment and anger. The radical reform of the Church of England ( Anglican Church ) for a more thorough reform," pure and clean" ( purify ) church in the foul atmosphere, clean up and remove the church organ of power corruption. The Anglican Church in opposition to the radical reformist ideas, thought it was a" m rail" words and deeds, is the Anglican challenges and threats, and greeted them persecution. Awed by the Anglican power, these requirements to "purify" the Church of England and the persecution of Puritans indicator may be a doctrine, the so-called" moral reason". The believers to save his soul, must to enlightenment teachings believe firmly. Inspiration doctrine comes from three aspects: (1)" the Bible", (2) tradition ( since ancient times by the church, the unity of believers from generation to generation of faith ), (3) the history of papal decisions.
A: Modern American Catholic was established in Kolumb and his followers brought on by religious factors based on I. On the basis of. They conquered the North American continent, pioneering American frontier process clearly show their religious character. For example, in travel across many seas, North American, Catholics hold I with two layers of the notion that the world comes in the world, namely above and the earth has a reward in heaven, and on earth: under a punishment in hell. The fear of hell and heaven to make..
Believers in the earth; strictly bind themselves, consciously abide by the various rules, in order to set foot on the way to paradise haze }. Also for example, Catholic religious mission ( such as the Crusades spirit )! } and its" bliss Millennium" world outlook prompted Christians form a religious view as supreme I read, and with the aid of religious power and state power combining, constantly expanding territory, that Christ } spirit spread global. } the United States Catholic Organization and the Church of Rome maintained a close contact, the Vatican PQ calendar l to pay great attention to the United States in the development and strengthening of the Catholic forces. American Catholics, mainly concentrated in the eastern city of L, accounting for about24% of the population. There are 32archdiocese,130bishop I medicine Qi, with more than 3000000 people in the parish in Chicago, Losangeles and boston. More than 10000001 people in the parish, Detroit, Philadelphia and New York new Walker. Catholic priest has 80000 person about, even I with other clergy 200000people. Catholic do the college about 250, middle school will become God R and fair special witness. Therefore, Judaism attaches particular importance to the ethical behavior norm compliance and religious interests. In their view, this two respects to do good, to show genuine reverence to god. For this reason, the Jewish religious discipline is very strict and impartial. Traditionally, from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday is their sabbath. Orthodox Jews on the sabbath day not riding, not to do business. On the Jewish holiday especially as the feast of the Passover ( Passover ' ) such a major holiday, Jews are often held a special ceremony. Jews were generally participate in religious ceremonies in a very important position. In addition, the Jewish tradition of the party food also has certain taboos, they do not eat pork and seafood. They eat meat or poultry, such as existing, not on dairy products.ligious groups.
With other local Jews, American Judaism into orthodox, reformist and conservative. Orthodox Christians in the drawing requirements of modern scientific culture when, do adhere to the Jewish faith traditions, such as not violating the traditional Judaism, regulations and imperative. At the same time, orthodox Hindus also required by Jewish law schools, all holy day ride, man wearing a black hat and black coat, as well as in the church for men and women. Judaism in the reformist inherited Jewish enlightenment movement, emphasizing the Jews with other national generality, deny that the Jews are a nation. But in the two World War, Jews were the German Fascist massacre of experience, so that the faction to support Zionism, the state of Israel was advocated in palestine. The Conservatives in the reform and Orthodox Judaism, the traditional law and interests, take accepted in principle and practice of flexible application method
Needle, urge to Judaism, Jewish culture and Jewish nationalism com. The United States has more than 300National Jewish organizations, more than 5000Jewish synagogues,20 colleges around.
4other religions
In addition to the above three major religions outside of the United States, there are a large variety of other denominations, with different beliefs. Now choose their major influence, make one brief introduction.
(1) orthodox church. We know, Christian soon after, gradually differentiated into two factions : the Greek area as the center of the East and Latin as the center region of the West camp. In 1054, things between Eastern schism, called East teach, i.e. orthodox; Western said that Catholic, catholic. The United States of America orthodox starting from1794. There were ten Russian Orthodox Church of Alaska missionary monk to repair. In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska, so as to enter the United States to open the door to the orthodox. The last half of the nineteenth Century, Orthodox Christians began to migrate to settle outside Alaska. In 1872, the Orthodox Church, the parish moved from Alaska to San Francisco,1905 and moved to New York. The Russian Orthodox Church in the United States there are four seminaries and several monasteries. In addition to the Russian Orthodox church outside of the United States, and the Greek Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of Serbia, Orthodox Church of Albania, Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.
(2) the mormon. American Mormon also known as" Latter-day Saints teach", was founded in 1830 in New York. It is in Christian is generated on the basis of a religious sect According to its founder, Joseph Smith said, one day, God told him, in a local treasure. Smith according to the messenger of God 's instructions, find a bundle of engraved with the words in the Gold Edition, wrote" Bible" a Book of mormon. Unlike other Mormon basis of Protestant denominations, rely on the" Bible" of the different interpretations to build their own existence, but a prominent God in a special revelation vouchsafed to Smith the divine truth. Both Mormons practiced polygamy, or Mormon advocate tedious etiquette. Having foresight of Smith ( Smith the Prophet ), claimed to be from God to his people 's enlightenment. With the help of the divinity, Smith in the LDS organizations enjoy supreme power, and popular with Christians worship. After the establishment of it due to the Mormon, polygamy and the area surrounding the people's way of life be misfits. People often have to move house migration. First they were from the state of New York moved to Missouri from Missouri, and then moved to Illinois state, finally moved to when no human habitation in Saline Lake plain, now in Utah, where the grounded and settled. In 1896, the termination of its polygamy; but many other traditions, such as strict patriarchal life. On tobacco, coffee, tea and wine is absolutely forbidden to Catholics, as well as the demanding requirements, still continues today. Il II, the United States of America Mormons had increased to about 4400000, most of whom lived in Utah and Eastern Idaho two. In addition, the world has nearly 1800000mormon. The turn of the new century, in some mainstream Christians losing cases, Mormon ushered in the church during the development of a peak, the number of believers increases greatly, become contemporary American religious life in the most dynamic one of the factions. Considering that it has long been difficult upbringing, Mormon development today such dimensions is not easy.
(3) the Christian Science church. It was founded in 1879 by Mr. Mary Beck Eddie. Christian Science think, people is entirely spiritual, therefore. Treatment of disease by spiri