英汉翻译实务第11讲--技巧篇.doc

英汉翻译实务第11讲--技巧篇
Division and Combination 分句法和合句法
课时安排：2节
教学目的要求：帮助学生掌握如何对长的句子进行拆分，对有些句子如何进行结构调整的翻译技巧。
教学重点：英译汉中的合句法。
教学难点：分句的拆分。
教学内容：

由于英汉句子结构的差异，有时候需要将原来的句子结构做相应的调整。分句法和合句法是改变原来的句子结构的两种重要方法。
分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
分句法：
I. 把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，是原文的一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。
1. 副词
1) Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.

她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合逻辑的。

2) They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.

他们没有回答，这完全是意料之中的事。

3) Theoretically, this is a marvelous piece of scientific writing.

从理论上看，这是一篇了不起的科学论文。

4) The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their achievements in aviation industry.

中国似乎为他们在航天事业上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。

5) The city segregation law had understandably aroused a civil right movement that spread from coast to coast.

城市隔离法引起美国全国范围内的民权运动，这是可以理解的。

6) He is an active student, but he was uncharacteristically listless in class today.

这个学生很活跃，可今天他在课堂上却无精打采，异乎寻常。

2. 形容词
1) That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.

那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。

2) She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart that she was loved and respected by her students.

她心地善良，性格温柔，乐观大方，深受学生们的爱戴。

另一翻译：她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，气量又大，为人乐观。

3) The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible---about one in four.

大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。

3. 名词
1) Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western people: its expanse, its cultural diversity, the length of its history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.

中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：其内容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺至今还令专家们惊叹不已。

2） He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.

他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出愤怒的神色。

3）The high risk of injection puts a premium on the use of sterile needles.

由于注射时受感染的风险大，无菌注射针的使用受到了重视。

II. 把短语分译成句子。
1．分词短语
1）He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power.

Hearing the good news, the boy jumped with joy.

他被剥夺了权利之后，他只好辞职，流落他乡。

2）The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.

那小孩大喊一声，张开双臂，向前跑了过去。

3）Being summer, the rivers were open and navigable.

夏天已到，河流开冻，可以通航。

2． 名词短语
1）The mayor has to flatter Mr. White, the director of the supervision committee.

市长不得不吹捧怀特先生，他是督导委员会的主任。

2） Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally-accepted law.

能量既不能被创造，也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。

3）The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

因为距离遥远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会与外界是隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。

3． 前置词短语
In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yan’an.

1946年8月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已经在战争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。

He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.

他来到了华盛顿，就国际形势而言，时机正合适。

III. 把句子拆开
1）Out of sheer joy she waved.

她由于非常高兴，挥了挥手。

2) Strange enough they were the same age to the day.

真是奇怪，他们年龄一样大，而且还是同日生的。

3) She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.

她已经试了好几次，要帮他们找一所出租的房子，结果没有找到。

4) His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.

因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。

IV. 把分句拆开
1) Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.

Elizabeth 不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，非常令人反感。（定语从句翻译成另外一句）

2) This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the house that Jack built.

这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。房子是杰克盖的。
(采用顺译法)

3) It (the People’s Republic of China) must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future; who believe in man and his glorious man-made destiny.

伟大的中华人民共和国必须用我们大家的鲜血和工作来缔造。我们这些人相信未来，相信人们，相信人们能够掌握自己的命运—光辉灿烂的命运。

合句法
1． 词的合译
1) You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square?

你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？

2) His father is a man who forgives and forgets.

他的父亲非常宽容。

3) Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.

她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。

4) He suffered aches and pains.

他遭受百般疼痛。

5) He is a man of culture and learning.

他是个很有学问的人。

6) I hate all these hustle and bustle.

我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。

2． 把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成一个句子。
1) The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.

这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文的地步，因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。

2) That day, the President had an interview with his father. His father was going to the moon by space shuttle.

那天，总统会见了他的父亲，他的父亲将乘航天飞机去登月。

3) He was clean. His mind was open.

他为人单纯而坦率。

3． 复合句的翻译
1) When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.

我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。

2) When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.

我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。

3) In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.

1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好朋友。

4) It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.

八月中旬，维修人员在烈日下工作。

作业：
1．He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.他访问了许多地方，到处受到热烈的欢迎。他的艰苦努力是经常受到热烈欢迎的。（此句原文中有两个定语从句，将这样一个英文长句翻译成两个独立的句子，意思更清楚。）
2．They try to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。
3．July and August are the months when the weather is hot.七八月份是天气很热的月份。
4. But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.
但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会少了现金，而有的会多了。
5. But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it.可是，他们都变成了沙漠里的牧民了，生活在苍天之下，黄土之上(风餐露宿)。可他们也喜欢这中生活。
6. The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach. 答案一直摆在那里，可就是没拿到。
7. Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.
家，阔别了七年的家，这个字对他多亲切呀！
8. While I came to the summit, I became very excited.到达山顶时我非常激动。
9. He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。
10. She shook and trembled with fear. 她不停的发抖。
11. We must reach our goals and aims. 我们必须达到目的。
12. The room is cozy and comfortable. 这个房间非常舒适。
13. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.
她回家照料她病重的丈夫。
14. They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and fro there.
他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看书。
15. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his determination to go to the front.
夜幕降临，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。
16. She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and to do the kitchen work.
她在家很忙，又要照顾孩子，又要下厨。
17. Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War.
她的父亲，二次世界大战的元凶，竟当上了这个市的市长。
18. It is right and proper to try it.
试一试是完全正确的。