中高口翻译之黄金原则.doc

1、动宾连接原则
Those potent weapons for deflecting pitches that offer everything from bigger body parts to lower mortgage rates have attracted the ire of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and mass marketers。
deflect: 打击 转变原定行动步骤
2、时态原则
中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.
The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.
The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.
中国过去是、现在是、将来是……
中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
3、主语确定原则
比如强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操。
For example, they lay emphasis on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that all under heaven are equal, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, “everybody is responsible for the fate of the country.”
4、谓语最小化原则
将动词变成名词
使用带有to的目的状语
使用介词短语（with，for）
使用分词短语
使用带有which的非限制性定语从句
今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面：一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作，共同应对可能出现的经济衰退，重树信心；二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程，推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
5、动宾换序原则
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年，经济重心将向亚洲转移，中国将迅速崛起，世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。
6、句群逻辑关系原则
经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。
Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.
1972年联合国人类环境会议以来，尽管国际社会做出了巨大努力，但全球环境仍在持续恶化，成为人类面临的共同挑战，而快速发展的全球化更使环境形势日益复杂。
全球环境仍在持续恶化
快速发展的全球化更使环境形势日益复杂
日益恶化的环境问题成为人类面临的共同挑战
Since the UN Conference on the Human Environment has been steadily deteriorating. The acceleration of globalization has compounded environmental degradation. These are challenges common to all human beings.
亚太地区各国应结合自身特点，采取适当的宏观政策措施，促进本地区的经济发展，促进全球经济的复苏。
亚太地区各国应（通过）结合自身特点，采取适当的宏观政策措施的（方式），（以达到）促进本地区的经济发展，促进全球经济的复苏（的目的）。
Countries in the region should promote regional growth as well as global economic recovery by opting for appropriate macro-economic policies and measures suited to their own conditions.
为此，中国将鼓励创新，加快商业化、工业化和国家化的进程。
为此，中国将鼓励创新，（以此来）加快商业化、工业化和国家化的进程。
For this purpose, China will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.
中国提出了建设和谐世界的理念，也将为达到这个目标努力奋斗。
（既然）中国提出了建设和谐世界的理念，（中国）也将为达到这个目标努力奋斗。
As/Since China has put forward the concept of building a harmonious world, it will also strive hard to attain this goal.
In putting forward the concept of building a harmonious world, China will also strive to attain this goal.
7、连接原则
书无所不读，全无所惑，并不着急，教书做事，均甚认真，往往吃亏，也不后悔。
Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.
奥运会会徽，不仅是国际奥林匹克运动和奥运会形象品牌的重要载体，而且体现了奥运会举办城市独特的文化魅力，体现了奥运会举办国家的民族性格和精神风貌。
The emblem of the Olympic Games, in particular, is not only an important representation of the Olympic Movement and the Olympic brand, but also a demonstration of the charm of the host city’s unique culture and its national character and spirit.
最近，中国国家主席胡锦涛在联合国首脑大会上提出了努力建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界的主张。
Recently, Chinese President Hu Jintao put forward his proposal at the United Nations Summit for striving to build a harmonious world characterized by lasting peace and common prosperity.
8、减少of原则
中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.
我们之间关系的发展，使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.
9、名词词组与分句互译原则
They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.
基金会提供了一种方式，可以让有钱人和大公司能实际支配花去税款的方式。
10、要词原则
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.
亚洲国家的经济总量将超过其他国家地区的总和。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，但其中还有许多处于极端贫穷的弱势人口，还有少部分人口极端富有。
11、词语推敲原则
中国的发展不会妨碍任何人。
obstruct: deliberately prevent (sb/sth) from making progress; put difficulties in the way of (sb/sth) “故意”妨碍
eg. Don’t obstruct the police in the course of their duty.
不要妨碍警方执行公务。
interfere (with sb): distract or hinder sb 干扰、妨碍
eg. Don’t inferfere with him while he’s working.
他工作的时候不要干扰他。
中国的发展不会妨碍任何人。
hinder: prevent the progress of (sb/sth), or obstruct/delay (sb/sth)  阻碍、妨碍某人/某事物的进展
eg. Production was hindered by lack of materials.
由于缺乏原料，生产陷于停顿。
China’s development hinders no one.
China’s development poses no hindrance to anyone.
China’s development is no hindrance to anyone.
China’s development does not hinder anyone.
12、文化差异原则
像中国这样的大国，她的发展有可能会引发一些矛盾和摩擦。
For a country as large as China, its development will possibly trigger some contradictions and frictions.
13、翻译多样性原则
加快
世界经济的重组加快步伐。
The restructuring of the world economy is speeding up.
为此，中国将鼓励创新，加快商业化、工业化和国家化的进程。
For this purpose, China will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.
中国还将努力解决国民经济中的主要问题，加快我们科技事业的发展。
China will also make great efforts to solve the major problems in the national economy, and enhance the development of science and technology of our country.
积极
加快科技成果转化，积极培养各级各类人才。
We should accelerate the transaction of science and technological advances into productive forces, and make vigorous efforts to train people in various fields at different levels of expertise.
改善投资环境，积极引进境外资金。
We should improve the investment environment, and do all we can to attract foreign funds.
意识/认识
我最后终于认识到这件事为何非做不可。
I came to realize in the end why it must be done.
他认识到自己犯了一个错误。
He recognized that he had made a mistake.
看起来她还没有意识到有多危险。
It seems that she is still not aware of the danger.
万大爷痛苦地意识到一家人的看法有分歧。
Grandpa Wan grew painfully aware that the family were divided in their attitude.
他们意识到上司不赞成。
They were conscious that the boss disapproved.
我意识到我没把收音机关掉。
It dawned on me that I had not turned off the radio.
14、“神龙见首不见尾”原则
有时候，汉语出现一连串表示“措施”意义的并列动宾结构，最后以一个目的状语结束。此时可使用变序法，把汉语句子里的最后一个表示目的的状语前置，就可以把措施与目的之间的关系清楚地表达出来。
我们应该互相尊重，树立信心，避免对抗，增加对话，以建立两国间长久的战略伙伴关系。
In order to establish long-term strategic partnership between the two countries, we should respect each other, build up confidence, avoid confrontation and increase dialogue.
我们必须加强企业管理，提高生产效率，改善劳动条件，增强竞争意识，为中国加入世贸组织最好准备。
In order to get ourselves prepared for China’s entry into WTO, we must strengthen our business management, raise efficiency in production, improve working conditions, and enhance our sense of competition.
15、“长后短前”原则
同位语或前置修饰语较长时，翻译时通常后移；当其修饰作用的同位语较短时，英译时不一定后移，可以放在前面。
中共中央总书记、国家主席胡锦涛→Hu Jintao, Chinese president and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
美国总统布什→George Bush, President of the United States of America
奥斯卡获奖影片《美国丽人》→American Beauty, an Oscar Award winner
您可以游览万里长城的一段——八达岭；明清两代皇帝居住的地方——故宫；清朝御花园——颐和园。
You may go and visit Badaling, one segment of the spectacular Great Wall, the Imperial Palace, residence of the Ming and Qing emperors, and Summer Palace, an imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty.
胡锦涛主席→President Hu Jintao
联合国秘书长科菲·安南→UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
微软公司董事长比尔·盖茨→Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates
当我们要强调特指意义时，起修饰作用的同位语英译时也前置。
意大利著名旅游家马可·波罗→the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo
美国伟大的民权运动领袖小马丁·路德·金→the great American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.
16、“断” “背” “删”原则
东方明珠广播电视塔位于黄浦江畔、浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，塔高468米，三面环水，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望，是亚洲第一、世界第三的高塔。
The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower stands on the Huangpu River and at the point of Lujiazui.（地理位置）Surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated Western architectures in the Bund across the river, the 468-meter-high tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.（排名）
海峡两岸→both sides of  the Taiwan Straits
三资企业→Chinese-foreign equity joint venture 中外合资经营
Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture中外合作经营
wholly foreign-owned enterprise 外商独资企业
三民主义→Nationalism, democracy, people’s livelihood
三来一补，四项基本原则，八荣八耻，三个“有利于”
代词的省略
有些做宾语的介词
物主代词
抽象代词
泛指代词
形式主语、形式宾语it
连词的省略
冠词的省略
介词的省略
17、变“形”金刚原则
为了使译文简洁，除了省略不必要的词语外，还可以采取用单词来译词组和句子，用词组来译句子等办法来省却多余的东西，使句子变得紧凑。
用单词来译词组和句子
我上这个班是为了提高英语水平。
I attend this class to improve my English.
坦率地说，你错了。
Frankly, you are mistaken.
我们希望吃晚饭的时候赶到。
Hopefully, we’ll be there by dinnertime.
用词组来译句子
只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。
A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.
他看书看得太久，眼睛都红了。
His eyes were red from excessive reading.
如果天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing this weekend.
他有才能，人品好，办事勤奋，显然会步步高升。
By aptitude, personality and work he is obviously slated to go up.
用同位语来译句子
上海有一千六百多万人口，是世界上最大的城市之一。
Shanghai, a city with a population of over 16 million, is one of the largest cities in the world.
许教授那时候还是个学生，就已经为报纸杂志写诗写小说了。
Professor Xu, at that time a student, wrote poems and stories for newspapers and magazines.
用无动词分词来译句子
他是一流记者，有广博的知识。
A first-rate journalist, he has a wide range of knowledge.
他饿极了，一会儿工夫就吃下去两大碗饭。
Hungry as a wolf, he ate up two big bowls of rice in an instant.
更重要的是，我们不应该让这件事发生。
Even more important, we should not let it happen.